prEN 14439
(Main)Cranes - Tower cranes
Cranes - Tower cranes
This document specifies safety requirements:
- for tower cranes;
- for climbing systems for tower cranes erected from parts.
This document applies to tower cranes for construction works, which are either erected by parts or self-erecting cranes, including mobile self-erecting tower cranes. Tower cranes for construction works are exclusively equipped with a hook as load-handling device.
Applications when the crane is equipped with a grab or when there is a sudden release of the load, are not covered by this document. This document is not applicable to mobile cranes, mobile harbour cranes, crawler cranes, slewing jib cranes, bridge and gantry cranes, offshore cranes, floating cranes, loader cranes, hand operated cranes or railway cranes.
This document deals with tower cranes to be operated at ambient temperature above -20° C.
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tower cranes, it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards (see Annex A).
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Annex A.
This document covers hazards related to the lifting of persons using a climbing system for tower cranes as defined in clause 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8. The lifting of persons by the tower crane itself is not included.
The requirements related to Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the specific hazards due to external influence on electrical equipment, potentially explosive atmospheres and ionising radiation are not covered by this document.
To improve readability, additional requirements for climbing systems are given in Annex E of this document. Additional and specific requirements for mobile self-erecting tower cranes are given in Annex G of this document.
This document is not applicable to tower cranes and climbing systems which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this document.
Krane - Turmdrehkrane
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen fest:
- für Turmdrehkrane und
- für Klettereinrichtungen für Turmdrehkrane, die aus Teilen zusammengesetzt werden.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Turmdrehkrane für den Baubetrieb, die entweder aus Komponenten zusammengesetzt werden oder Schnellmontagekrane sind, einschließlich mobile Schnellmontage-Turmdrehkrane. Turmdrehkrane für den Baubetrieb sind ausschließlich mit einem Haken als Lastaufnahmemittel ausgestattet.
Anwendungen, bei denen der Kran mit einem Greifer ausgestattet ist oder bei denen ein plötzliches Freigeben der Last erfolgt, werden von diesem Dokument nicht abgedeckt. Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Fahrzeugkrane, Hafenmobilkrane, Raupenkrane, Ausleger-Drehkrane, Brücken- und Portalkrane, Offshore-Krane, Schwimmkrane, Ladekrane, handbetriebene Krane oder Eisenbahnkrane.
Dieses Dokument behandelt Turmdrehkrane für den Betrieb bei Umgebungstemperaturen über -20 °C.
Dieses Dokument behandelt signifikante Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Ereignisse, die im Zusammenhang mit Turmdrehkranen auftreten, wenn diese bestimmungsgemäß und unter den vom Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen verwendet werden. Dieses Dokument legt die angemessenen technischen Maßnahmen fest, mit denen die sich aus den signifikanten Gefährdungen ergebenden Risiken ausgeschaltet oder verringert werden können (siehe Anhang A).
Die in diesem Dokument behandelten signifikanten Gefährdungen sind in Anhang A angegeben.
Dieses Dokument behandelt Gefährdungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Anheben von Personen mit einer Klettereinrichtung für Turmdrehkrane, wie in 3.6, 3.7 und 3.8 definiert. Das Anheben von Personen durch den Turmdrehkran selbst ist nicht enthalten.
Die Anforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit (EMV), den spezifischen Gefährdungen durch den äußeren Einfluss auf die elektrische Ausrüstung, den explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen und der ionisierenden Strahlung werden von diesem Dokument nicht abgedeckt.
Zur besseren Lesbarkeit sind zusätzliche Anforderungen an Klettereinrichtungen in Anhang E dieses Dokuments aufgeführt. Zusätzliche und spezifische Anforderungen für mobile Schnellmontage-Turmdrehkrane sind in Anhang G dieses Dokuments aufgeführt.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht auf Turmdrehkrane und Klettereinrichtungen anzuwenden, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokument durch CEN gefertigt worden sind.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues à tour
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité pour :
- les grues à tour ;
- les systèmes de télescopage pour grues à tour à montage par éléments.
Le présent document s'applique aux grues à tour de chantier, à montage par éléments ou à montage automatisé, y compris les grues à tour automotrices. Les grues à tour de chantier sont exclusivement équipées d'un crochet comme accessoire de levage.
Le présent document ne couvre pas les applications dans lesquelles la grue est équipée d'une benne preneuse, ou dans lesquelles il y a un relâchement soudain de la charge. Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux grues mobiles, aux grues de port mobiles, aux grues sur chenilles, aux grues à flèche orientable, aux portiques et ponts roulants, aux grues off-shores, aux grues flottantes, aux grues de chargement, aux appareils de levage manuels ou aux grues ferroviaires.
Le présent document traite des grues à tour fonctionnant à des températures ambiantes au-dessus de -20 °C.
Le présent document traite de phénomènes dangereux, situations et évènements dangereux significatifs relatifs aux grues à tour, lorsque celles-ci sont utilisées pour l'usage prévu et dans les conditions de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévues par le fabricant. Le présent document spécifie les mesures techniques appropriées destinées à réduire ou éliminer les risques émanant des phénomènes dangereux significatifs (voit l’Annexe A).
Les phénomènes dangereux significatifs couverts par le présent document sont identifiés à l’Annexe A.
Le présent document couvre les phénomènes dangereux relatifs au levage de personnes utilisant un système de télescopage pour les grues à tour, tel que défini aux 3.6, 3.7 et 3.8. Le levage de personnes par la grue à tour elle-même n'est pas inclus.
Les prescriptions relatives à la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM), les phénomènes dangereux spécifiques dus aux influences extérieures sur l'équipement électrique, aux atmosphères explosibles et aux radiations ionisantes ne sont pas couverts par le présent document.
Afin d’améliorer la lisibilité, des prescriptions complémentaires pour les systèmes de télescopage sont indiquées à l’Annexe E du présent document. Des prescriptions supplémentaires et spécifiques relatives aux grues à tour automotrices sont indiquées à l'Annexe G du présent document.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux grues à tour ni aux systèmes de télescopage fabriqués avant la date de publication du présent document par le CEN.
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Stolpna dvigala
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14439:2021
01-november-2021
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Stolpna dvigala
Cranes - Tower cranes
Krane - Turmdrehkrane
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues à tour
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14439
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
oSIST prEN 14439:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 14439:2021
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oSIST prEN 14439:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14439
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2021
ICS 53.020.20 Will supersede EN 14439:2006+A2:2009
English Version
Cranes - Tower cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues à tour Krane - Turmdrehkrane
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14439:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 14439:2021
prEN 14439:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 12
4.1 General. 12
4.2 Design requirements on the load bearing structure . 12
4.2.1 General. 12
4.2.2 Crane parts classification . 12
4.2.3 Loads . 13
4.2.4 Load combinations . 21
4.2.5 Limit states and proof of competence of structural members and connections . 32
4.2.6 Loads on crane support structure . 33
4.3 Design requirements on mechanical equipment . 34
4.3.1 General. 34
4.3.2 Mechanisms . 34
4.3.3 Ropes . 34
4.3.4 Rail wheels . 35
4.3.5 Slewing ring bearing . 35
4.3.6 Hooks . 35
4.3.7 Hydraulic system . 35
4.4 Design requirements on electrical equipment and control system . 35
4.4.1 General. 35
4.4.2 Controls and control stations . 35
4.4.3 Limiters and indicators . 36
4.4.4 Lighting . 44
4.5 Design requirements on access and guarding . 45
4.5.1 Guarding . 45
4.5.2 Access . 45
4.6 Other design requirements . 59
4.6.1 Trolley stop device . 59
4.6.2 Prevention of crane components from falling . 59
4.6.3 Slewing device during erection and dismantling . 59
4.6.4 Noise reduction at source at the design stage . 59
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 60
5.1 General. 60
5.2 Method of verification . 60
5.3 Fitness for purpose. 61
5.4 Noise measurement . 61
5.4.1 Emission sound power level . 61
5.4.2 Emission sound pressure level at control station . 61
6 Information for use . 62
6.1 General. 62
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6.2 Instruction manual . 62
6.2.1 General . 62
6.2.2 Specification – General . 62
6.2.3 Instructions for erection and dismantling . 62
6.2.4 Information on noise emission . 63
6.2.5 Instructions for the users . 64
6.2.6 Instructions for maintenance . 66
6.2.7 Instructions for transportation and storage . 66
6.2.8 Instructions for the installation of an anti-collision device or a working space
limiter . 67
6.3 Marking . 67
6.3.1 Identification . 67
6.3.2 Warnings and information . 67
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 69
Annex B (informative) Additional and specific requirements for mobile self-erecting tower
cranes . 76
B.1 General . 76
B.2 Additional and specific requirements and/or protective measures for mobile self-
erecting tower cranes . 77
B.2.1 Classification . 77
B.2.2 Design requirements on the load bearing structure . 77
B.2.3 Design requirements on mechanical equipment . 77
B.2.4 Design requirements on electrical equipment and control system . 78
B.2.5 Design requirements on access and guarding . 78
B.2.6 Other design requirements . 78
B.3 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 79
B.4 Information for use . 79
Annex C (normative) Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 80
C.1 General . 80
C.2 Function test without load . 80
C.3 Load tests . 80
C.3.1 General . 80
C.3.2 Static test . 80
C.3.3 Dynamic test . 81
C.4 Verification of the rigid body stability . 81
Annex D (normative) Noise test code . 82
D.1 General . 82
D.2 A-weighted sound power level . 82
D.2.1 Mounting of the equipment . 82
D.2.2 Test method . 83
D.3 A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the control station. 86
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D.3.1 General. 86
D.3.2 Test method, mounting and operating conditions during test . 87
D.3.3 Calculation of emission sound pressure level . 87
D.4 Information on noise emission . 87
Annex E (normative) Additional requirements for climbing systems . 88
E.1 General. 88
E.2 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 88
E.2.1 General. 88
E.2.2 Design requirements on the load bearing structure . 88
E.2.3 Additional design requirements on mechanical equipment - Hydraulic cylinder . 90
E.2.4 Additional design requirements on electrical equipment and control system . 90
E.2.5 Additional design requirements on access and guarding . 91
E.3 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 91
E.3.1 Method of verification . 91
E.3.2 Tests for fitness for purpose . 92
E.4 Information for use . 93
E.4.1 Instruction manual . 93
E.4.2 Marking . 94
Annex F (informative) Marking – Examples of layout . 95
Annex G (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given
application . 99
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 101
Bibliography . 106
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prEN 14439:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 14439:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14439:2006+A2:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
CEN/TC 147/WG 12 “Tower Cranes” has developed a revision of this document, which differs from
EN 14439:2006+A2:2009 as follows:
— integration and rules for application of EN 13001 series of standards;
— revision of 4.2 Design requirements on the load bearing structure;
— revision of 4.4.4 Access;
— integration and rules for application of EN ISO 13849-1;
— integration of mobile self-erecting tower cranes, including introduction of a new dedicated Annex B;
— revision of Annex E Additional requirements for climbing systems.
To select a suitable set of crane standards for a given application see Annex G.
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Introduction
This is a harmonized European Standard to provide one means for tower cranes to conform with the
relevant Essential Health and Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC modified.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for cranes that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
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1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements:
— for tower cranes;
— for climbing systems for tower cranes erected from parts.
This document applies to tower cranes for construction works, which are either erected by parts or self-
erecting cranes, including mobile self-erecting tower cranes. Tower cranes for construction works are
exclusively equipped with a hook as load-handling device.
Applications when the crane is equipped with a grab or when there is a sudden release of the load, are
not covered by this document. This document is not applicable to mobile cranes, mobile harbour cranes,
crawler cranes, slewing jib cranes, bridge and gantry cranes, offshore cranes, floating cranes, loader
cranes, hand operated cranes or railway cranes.
This document deals with tower cranes to be operated at ambient temperature above –20 °C.
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to tower cranes,
it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer. This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks
arising from the significant hazards (see Annex A).
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Annex A.
This document covers hazards related to the lifting of persons using a climbing system for tower cranes
as defined in Clause 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8. The lifting of persons by the tower crane itself is not included.
The requirements related to Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the specific hazards due to external
influence on electrical equipment, potentially explosive atmospheres and ionising radiation are not
covered by this document.
To improve readability, additional requirements for climbing systems are given in Annex E of this
document. Additional and specific requirements for mobile self-erecting tower cranes are given in
Annex G of this document.
This document is not applicable to tower cranes and climbing systems which are manufactured before
the date of publication by CEN of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 795:2012, Personal fall protection equipment — Anchor devices
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions
prEN 13000:2020, Cranes — Mobile cranes
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2014, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
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EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes — General Design — Part 3-1: Limit States and proof of competence
of steel structures
EN 13001-3-3:2014, Cranes — General design — Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of
wheel/rail contacts
EN 13001-3-4:2018, Cranes — General design — Part 3–4: Limit states and proof of competence of
machinery — Bearings
EN 13001-3-5:2014, Cranes — General design — Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged
hooks
EN 13001-3-6:2018, Cranes — General design — Part 3–6: Limit states and proof of competence of
machinery — Hydraulic cylinders
EN 13135:2013+A1:2018, Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes — Access
EN 14502-2:2005+A1:2008, Cranes — Equipment for the lifting of persons — Part 2: Elevating control
stations
EN 17076:2020, Tower cranes — Anti-collision systems — Safety requirements
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32)
EN 61496 (all parts), Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment
EN 62745:2017, Safety of machinery — Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery
(IEC 62745)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 7010:2020, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
(ISO 7010:2019, Corrected version 2020-06)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11203:2009, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level
(ISO 11203:1995)
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EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13856 (all parts), Safety of machinery — Pressure-sensitive protective devices
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 4301-1:2016, Cranes — Classification — Part 1: General
ISO 4301-3:2021, Cranes — Classification — Part 3: Tower cranes
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
ISO 4306-3:2016, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Tower cranes
ISO 7296-3:2006, Cranes — Graphical symbols — Part 3: Tower cranes
ISO 7752-3:2013, Cranes — Control layout and characteristics — Part 3: Tower cranes
ISO 8566-3:2010, Cranes — Cabins and control stations — Part 3: Tower cranes
ISO 12488-1:2012, Cranes — Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks — Part 1: General
ISO 16625:2013, Cranes and hoists — Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in in EN ISO 12100, ISO 4306-1 and
ISO 4306-3 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rated capacity
maximum net load that the crane is designed to lift for a given crane configuration, radius and operating
conditions
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity is composed of the pay load plus the mass of the non-fixed load-lifting
attachment(s).
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3.1.1
standard load chart
rated capacity for a given crane configuration under normal operating conditions, allowing all
mechanisms to operate with their maximum performance and maximum wind loading, to determine the
maximum dynamic load effect
3.1.2
special load chart
increased rated capacity for a given crane configuration under special operating conditions, considering
reduced performance of the mechanisms and reduced wind loading, but reaching the same dynamic load
effect than with the standard load chart at the same crane configuration
3.2
tower crane
power-driven slewing
...
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