prEN 15129-6

Anti-seismic devices - Part 6: Sliding isolators

This document specifies procedures for assessments and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of sliding isolators in relation to their characteristics. Sliding isolators with main functions in accordance with 3.1.2 are intended to be used for building and civil engineering construction works.
This document comprises the following types of sliding isolators:
1.   curved surface sliders (CSS, 3.1.1) (spherical and cylindrical) of the following types:
a)   single curved surface slider,
b)   double curved surface slider with rigid slider,
c)   double curved surface slider with articulated slider,
d)   multiple curved surface slider with rigid slider,
e)   multiple curved surface slider with articulated slider, and
2.   flat surface slider (FSS, 3.1.3).
This document comprises sliding isolators with some or all of the following parts:
a)   backing plates without lightening hollows and without ribs,
b)   slider without or with hinge,
c)   mating elements,
d)   sliding sheets, undimpled or dimpled, without or with lubricant (being in contact with mating element),
e)   containment rings (for controlling the sliding isolator kinematics but not limiting the sliding isolator displacement capacity).
This document comprises sliding isolators with the following materials:
a)   for backing plates without hard chromium plating and for sliders:
-   steel in accordance with EN 10025:2019 (all parts),
-   cast iron in accordance with ISO 1083:2018,
-   cast carbon steel in accordance with ISO 14737:2015, or
-   stainless steel in accordance with EN 10088:2014 (all parts);
b)   for backing plates with hard chromium plating:
-   steel grade S 355 J2+N, or
-   fine grain steel of the same or higher grade in accordance with the EN 10025:2019 (all parts);
c)   for mating elements:
-   austenitic steel with thickness of at least 2,5 mm in accordance with EN 10088-2:2014, 1.4401 + 2B or 1.4404 +2B,
-   backing plates with at least 100 µm hard chromium plating in accordance with EN ISO 6158:2018;
d)   for sliding sheets with and without lubrication:
-   UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene),
-   PTFE in accordance with EN 1337-7:2004 (Clause 5),
-   fluorpolymer made of claimed PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or
-   PTFE filled with solid lubricant and reinforcing fibres;
e)   lubricants in accordance with EN 1337-2:2004 (5.8).
This document does not comprise:
a)   vertical seismic isolation systems,
b)   sliding isolators with restrainers limiting their displacement capacity, and
c)   sliding isolators with accumulated sliding path less than 1 000 m.

Erdbebenvorrichtungen - Teil 6: Gleitisolatoren

Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren zur Bewertung und Überprüfung der Leistungsbeständigkeit (AVCP) von Gleitisolatoren in Bezug auf ihre Merkmale fest. Gleitisolatoren mit Hauptfunktionen nach 3.1.2 sind für den Einsatz für Hochbauten und Ingenieurbauwerken bestimmt.
Dieses Dokument umfasst die folgenden Typen von Gleitisolatoren:
1.   Pendelgleiter (CSS, 3.1.1) (kugelkalottenförmig und zylindrisch) der folgenden Typen:
a)   Pendelgleiter mit einfach gekrümmter Gleitfläche,
b)   Pendelgleiter mit doppelt gekrümmter Gleitfläche und starrem Gleiter,
c)   Pendelgleiter mit doppelt gekrümmter Gleitfläche und gelenkigem Gleiter,
d)   Pendelgleiter mit mehrfach gekrümmter Gleitfläche mit starrem Gleiter,
e)   Pendelgleiter mit doppelt gekrümmter Gleitfläche mit gelenkigem Gleiter, und
2.   Flachgleiter (FSS, 3.1.3).
Dieses Dokument umfasst Gleitisolatoren mit mehreren oder allen der folgenden Teile:
a)   Trägerplatten ohne Hohlräume zur Gewichtsreduzierung und ohne Rippen,
b)   Gleiter ohne und mit Gelenk,
c)   Gegenelemente,
d)   Gleitplatten, ungeschmiert oder geschmiert, ohne oder mit Schmiermittel (die in Kontakt mit den Gegenflächen sind),
e)   Begrenzungsringe (zur Kontrolle der Kinematik des Gleitisolators, aber nicht zur Begrenzung des Verschiebungsvermögens des Gleitisolators).
Dieses Dokument umfasst Gleitisolatoren aus den folgenden Materialien:
a)   für Trägerplatten ohne Hartverchromung und für Gleiter:
-   Stahl in Übereinstimmung mit EN 10025:2019 (alle Teile),
-   Gusseisen in Übereinstimmung mit ISO 1083:2018,
-   Kohlenstoffstahl in Übereinstimmung mit ISO 14737:2015, oder
-   nichtrostender Stahl in Übereinstimmung mit EN 10088:2014 (alle Teile);
b)   für Trägerplatten mit Hartverchromung:
-   Stahlsorte S 355 J2+N, oder
-   Feinkornstahl derselben oder höheren Sorte in Übereinstimmung mit EN 10025:2019 (alle Teile);
c)   für Gegenelemente:
-   austenitischer Stahl mit einer Dicke von mindestens 2,5 mm in Übereinstimmung mit EN 10088-2:2014, 1.4401 +2B oder 1.4404 +2B,
-   Trägerplatten mit mindestens 100 µm Hartverchromung in Übereinstimmung mit EN ISO 6158:2018;
d)   für Gleitplatten mit und ohne Schmierung:
-   UHMWPE (Ultrahochmolekulares Polyethylen),
-   PTFE in Übereinstimmung mit EN 1337-7:2004 (Abschnitt 5),
-   Fluorpolymer aus angegebenem PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen), oder
-   PTFE mit Festschmierstoff und Verstärkungsfasern gefüllt;
e)   Schmierstoffe in Übereinstimmung mit EN 1337-2:2004 (5.8).
Dieses Dokument umfasst Folgendes nicht:
a)   vertikale Erdbebenisolationssysteme,
b)   Gleitisolatoren mit Rückhaltevorrichtungen, die ihr Verschiebungsvermögen begrenzen, und
c)   Gleitisolatoren mit einem akkumulierten Gleitweg von weniger als 1 000 m.

Dispositifs anti-sismiques - Partie 6 : Isolateurs coulissants

Naprave za zagotavljanje potresne varnosti konstrukcij - 6. del: Drsni izolatorji

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 13-Apr-2023
• ICS: 91.120.25 - Seismic and vibration protection
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 340 - Anti-seismic devices
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 340/WG 5 - Revision of EN 15129
• Current Stage: 4098 - Decision to abandon - Enquiry
• Start Date: 03-Aug-2022
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Mandate: M/132 - Addenda to the mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on circulation fixtures, structural bearings and floorings
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 15129-6:2022 - Anti-seismic devices - Part 6: Sliding isolators

Relations

• Revised: EN 15129:2018 - Anti-seismic devices
• Effective Date: 15-May-2019

Overview

The standard prEN 15129-6:2021 by CEN specifies the assessment and verification procedures for sliding isolators-key anti-seismic devices used in building and civil engineering construction. Sliding isolators protect structures from earthquake-induced shaking by enabling controlled horizontal displacement, thereby reducing seismic forces transmitted to the superstructure.

This part 6 of the broader EN 15129 series covers the following device types:

• Curved surface sliders (CSS), including:
  • Single curved surface sliders
  • Double curved surface sliders (rigid or articulated)
  • Multiple curved surface sliders (rigid or articulated)
• Flat surface sliders (FSS)

The document defines the performance characteristics, materials, and components such as backing plates, sliders (with or without hinges), mating elements, sliding sheets, lubricants, and containment rings that influence the sliding isolator’s seismic resilience. It also outlines the Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) protocols to ensure reliable device performance in real-world conditions.

Key Topics

Types of Sliding Isolators

• Curved Surface Sliders (CSS): Spherical or cylindrical sliding surfaces with variations in the number of surfaces and mechanical articulation type.
• Flat Surface Sliders (FSS): Flat sliding interfaces, typically simpler in construction.

Main Functions

Sliding isolators serve to:

• Support vertical structural loads in both seismic and non-seismic states.
• Reduce structural accelerations during seismic events.
• Enable horizontal displacement capacity that controls seismic energy transmission.
• Provide rotation capability through secondary sliding surfaces or articulated sliders.

Components and Materials

• Backing plates: Constructed from steel, cast iron, cast carbon steel, or stainless steel, optionally with hard chromium plating.
• Sliding elements: May incorporate UHMWPE, PTFE, or fluoropolymers for smooth and low-friction movement.
• Lubricants complying with EN 1337-2:2004 for minimizing friction and wear.
• Containment rings to guide kinematics without restricting displacement.

Performance Characteristics

• Load bearing capacity and rotation ability.
• Dynamic and long-term coefficients of friction, influencing energy dissipation.
• Displacement capacity to accommodate anticipated seismic movements.
• Durability requirements to ensure lasting seismic protection.
• Effective radius parameters for stiffness and force calculations.
• Maximum horizontal and frictional resistance forces.

Assessment Procedures

• Standardized testing for load, frictional behavior, displacement range, and durability.
• AVCP covering:
  • Factory production control.
  • Initial factory inspections.
  • Continuous surveillance to guarantee performance consistency.

Applications

This standard is specifically designed for use by:

• Structural engineers specifying seismic isolation solutions.
• Manufacturers producing sliding isolators for building and civil engineering projects.
• Test laboratories conducting performance verification and quality assurance.
• Construction project managers requiring compliance with European seismic safety directives.

Typical applications include:

• Earthquake-resistant foundations and base isolation systems in residential, commercial, and infrastructure buildings.
• Bridges and viaducts requiring vibration mitigation.
• Industrial facilities where seismic resilience is critical.
• Retrofitting existing structures with anti-seismic sliding isolation technology.

Related Standards

To ensure comprehensive compliance and interoperability, prEN 15129-6 references and works in conjunction with the following European and international standards:

• EN 1337-2:2004 – Structural bearings: Sliding elements.
• EN 1337-7:2004 – Structural bearings: PTFE spherical and cylindrical bearings.
• EN 10025:2019 – Hot rolled structural steels.
• EN 10088:2014 – Stainless steels specifications.
• EN ISO 6158:2018 – Hard chromium electrodeposited coatings.
• ISO 1083:2018 – Classification of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
• ISO 14737:2015 – Carbon and low alloy cast steels specifications.

These standards ensure materials, coatings, and sliding components meet the mechanical and chemical properties necessary for reliable seismic isolation.

---

By adhering to prEN 15129-6, stakeholders guarantee the use of rigorously tested, durable, and effective anti-seismic sliding isolators - a critical step for enhancing the earthquake resilience of modern infrastructure. This standard supports best practices in seismic isolation technology backed by detailed assessment methods and harmonized European regulations.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2022
Naprave za zagotavljanje potresne varnosti konstrukcij - 6. del: Drsni izolatorji
Anti-seismic devices - Part 6: Sliding isolators
Erdbebenvorrichtungen - Teil 6: Gleitisolatoren
Dispositifs anti-sismiques - Partie 6 : Isolateurs coulissants
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15129-6
ICS:
91.120.25 Zaščita pred potresi in Seismic and vibration
vibracijami protection
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2021
ICS 91.120.25 Will supersede EN 15129:2018
English Version
Anti-seismic devices - Part 6: Sliding isolators
Dispositifs anti-sismiques - Partie 6 : Isolateurs Erdbebenvorrichtungen - Teil 6: Gleitisolatoren
coulissants
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 340.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15129-6:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
...................................................................................................................................................... 4
European foreword
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.2.1 Latin upper case letters . 11
3.2.2 Latin lower case letters . 11
3.2.3 Greek letters . 11
3.2.4 Subscriptss . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Characteristics . 12
4.1 Essential characteristics of sliding isolators . 12
4.2 Load bearing capacity . 12
4.3 Rotation capability . 12
4.4 Dynamic coefficient of friction . 12
4.5 Long-term maximum coefficient of friction and accumulated sliding path . 13
4.6 Displacement capacity . 14
4.7 Effective radius . 14
4.8 Maximum horizontal force . 14
4.9 Frictional resistance force . 14
4.10 Durability . 14
5 Assessment methods . 14
5.1 General. 14
5.2 Load bearing capacity . 15
5.3 Rotation capability . 16
5.4 Dynamic coefficient of friction . 16
5.5 Long-term maximum coefficient of friction and accumulated sliding path . 19
5.6 Displacement capacity . 21
5.7 Effective radius . 21
5.8 Maximum horizontal force . 22
5.9 Frictional resistance force . 23
5.10 Durability . 23
6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance - AVCP . 23
6.1 General. 23
6.2 Assessment of performance . 23
6.2.1 General. 23
6.2.2 Test samples, testing and assessment criteria . 24
6.3 Verification of constancy of performance . 25
6.3.1 Factory production control (FPC) . 25
6.3.2 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 26
6.3.3 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 27
Annex A (normative) Information on testing . 28
A.1 Horizontal displacement under vertical compressive force. 28
A.2 Load platens . 28
A.3 Extended application rules . 29
A.4 Content of test report . 29
A.5 Examples of temperature profiles for test described in 5.5. 29
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with Regulation (EU)
No.305/2011 . 31
Bibliography . 34

European foreword
This document (prEN 15129-6:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 340 “Anti-
seismic devices”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15129:2018, which is split into 6 parts:
— Part 1: General Design Rules
— Part 2: Rigid Connection Devices
— Part 3: Displacement Dependent Devices
— Part 4: Velocity Dependent Devices
— Part 5: Elastomeric Isolators
— Part 6: Sliding Isolators
This part 6 supersedes 8.3 and 8.4 of EN 15129:2018.
The following technical modifications have been made:
— updating the scope with definition of material aspects;
— tests O (integrity of overlay), P2 (Property Verification) and S (Service) removed;
— test P1 (Benchmark) is now called Test C (Comparison);
— the sliding tests D1 and D2 are now performed at 0,33⋅ d and 0,67⋅ d0 (before it was 0,25⋅ d and
0 bd
0,50⋅ d ; d is replaced by d );
bd bd 0
— the sliding tests assess the dynamic coefficient of friction and effective radius, both averaged over
the 3 test cycles (the dynamic coefficient of friction of cycle 1 is not assessed anymore and the
stiffness due to the effective radius is replaced by the effective radius);
— the tolerance limits of the assessed ECs are removed (defined only for D3);
— the static coefficient of friction (2018) is now named as maximum coefficient of friction;
— removal of clauses related to design aspects;
— removal of informative annexes.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for assessments and verification of constancy of performance
(AVCP) of sliding isolators in relation to their characteristics. Sliding isolators with main functions in
accordance with 3.1.2 are intended to be used for building and civil engineering construction
works.
This document comprises the following types of sliding isolators:
1. curved surface sliders (CSS, 3.1.1) (spherical and cylindrical) of the following types:
a) single curved surface slider,
b) double curved surface slider with rigid slider,
c) double curved surface slider with articulated slider,
d) multiple curved surface slider with rigid slider,
e) multiple curved surface slider with articulated slider, and
2. flat surface slider (FSS, 3.1.3).
This document comprises sliding isolators with some or all of the following parts:
a) backing plates without lightening hollows and without ribs,
b) slider without or with hinge,
c) mating elements,
d) sliding sheets, undimpled or dimpled, without or with lubricant (being in contact with mating
element),
e) containment rings (for controlling the sliding isolator kinematics but not limiting the sliding
isolator displacement capacity).
This document comprises sliding isolators with the following materials:
a) for backing plates without hard chromium plating and for sliders:
— steel in accordance with EN 10025:2019 (all parts),
— cast iron in accordance with ISO 1083:2018,
— cast carbon steel in accordance with ISO 14737:2015, or
— stainless steel in accordance with EN 10088:2014 (all parts);
b) for backing plates with hard chromium plating:
— steel grade S 355 J2+N, or
— fine grain steel of the same or higher grade in accordance with the EN 10025:2019 (all parts);
c) for mating elements:
— austenitic steel with thickness of at least 2,5 mm in accordance with EN 10088-2:2014, 1.4401
+ 2B or 1.4404 +2B,
— backing plates with at least 100 µm hard chromium plating in accordance with
EN ISO 6158:2018;
d) for sliding sheets with and without lubrication:
— UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene),
— PTFE in accordance with EN 1337-7:2004 (Clause 5),
— fluorpolymer made of claimed PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or
— PTFE filled with solid lubricant and reinforcing fibres;
e) lubricants in accordance with EN 1337-2:2004 (5.8).
This document does not comprise:
a) vertical seismic isolation systems,
b) sliding isolators with restrainers limiting their displacement capacity, and
c) sliding isolators with accumulated sliding path less than 1 000 m.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1337-2:2004, Structural bearings — Part 2: Sliding elements
EN 1337-7:2004, Structural bearings — Part 7: Spherical and cylindrical PTFE bearings
EN 10025 (all parts):2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels
EN 10088 (all parts):2014, Stainless steels
EN ISO 6158:2018, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited coatings of chromium for
engineering purposes (ISO 6158:2018)
ISO 1083:2018, Spheroidal graphite cast irons — Classification
ISO 14737:2015, Carbon and low alloy cast steels for general applications
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Note 1 to entry: In this European Standard compressive forces, stresses and strains have a positive sign.
3.1.1
curved surface slider
CSS
sliding isolator with one primary sliding surface and one secondary sliding surface denoted as Single
CSS (Figure 1); sliding isolator with two primary sliding surfaces denoted as Double CSS (Figure 2
showing Double CSS with rigid slider, Figure 3 showing Double CSS with articulated slider); sliding
isolator with more than two primary sliding surfaces (with rigid or articulated slider) denoted as
Multiple CSS (Figure 4 showing an example of various types of Multiple CSS)
Note 1 to entry: For Single CSS the effective radius of the primary sliding surface determines the stiffness force
of the Single CSS and the dynamic coefficient of friction of the primary sliding surface determines mainly the
energy dissipation of the Single CSS. The rotation capability is given by the secondary sliding surface.
Note 2 to entry: For Double CSS with rigid slider the sum of the effective radii of both primary sliding surfaces
mainly determines the stiffness force of the Double CSS and the average dynamic coefficient of friction of both
primary sliding surfaces determines the energy dissipation of the Double CSS with rigid slider. The rotation
capability is based on the relative motions on both primary sliding surfaces.
Note 3 to entry: For Double CSS with articulated slider the effective radii and the dynamic coefficients of
friction of the primary sliding surfaces determine the stiffness force and the energy dissipation of the Double CSS
with articulated slider. The rotation capability is given by the hinge of the articulated slider.
Note 4 to entry: For Multiple CSS the stiffness force due to the effective radii and the energy dissipation due to
the dynamic coefficients of friction depend on the relative motion amplitudes on all sliding surfaces. For Multiple
CSS with rigid slider the rotation capability is given by the relative motions on the primary sliding surfaces. For
Multiple CSS with articulated slider the rotation capability is given by hinge of the articulated slider.

Key
1 primary sliding surface
2 secondary sliding surface
Figure 1 — Schematic of Single CSS
Key
1 primary sliding surfaces
Figure 2 — Schematic of Double CSS with rigid slider

Key
1 primary sliding surfaces
2 secondary sliding surface of articulated slider
Figure 3 — Schematic of Double CSS with articulated slider

Key
1 primary sliding surfaces
2 secondary sliding surface of articulated slider
Figure 4 — Schematic of an example of a Multiple CSS
3.1.2
sliding isolator
seismic isolator such as CSS and FSS protecting the structure from the shaking ground; the four main
functions of sliding isolators are:
— support the vertical force of the structure both in the non-seismic and seismic situation,
— reduce structural accelerations / structural shear forces by the low stiffness due to the large
curvature (effective radius) of the curved sliding surface,
— adding damping to the structure by friction damping, and
— re-centre the structure by the appropriate combination of stiffness and friction forces (the FSS
needs to be combined with a re-centring device to ensure this function);
Note 1 to entry: In the non-seismic situation sliding isolators are structural bearings.
3.1.3
flat surface slider
FSS
sliding isolator with flat sliding surface providing horizontal displacement capacity, rotation capability,
energy dissipation by relative motion at the sliding surface, transmitting vertical forces but not
providing any re-centring stiffness force
3.1.4
claimed isolator displacement amplitude
d
claimed sliding isolator displacement amplitude (Figure 5)
3.1.5
claimed isolator vertical force
N
claimed sliding isolator vertical force (Figure 5)
3.1.6
claimed effective radius
R
eff,0
claimed radius of simple pendulum with natural frequency being equal to the natural frequency of the
CSS (Figure 5)
Key
X horizontal displacement of sliding isolator
Y horizontal force of sliding isolator
d claimed horizontal displacement of sliding isolator
N vertical force on isolator
R claimed effective radius
eff,0
K claimed stiffness resulting from R and N
R,0 eff,0 0
μ claimed dynamic coefficient of friction
dyn,0
1 frictional force of sliding isolator
2 stiffness force due to K
R,0
3 horizontal force of sliding isolator
Figure 5 — Schematic force displacement characteristics of sliding isolator
3.1.7
claimed stiffness due to effective radius
K
R,0
claimed stiffness of CSS resulting from and N (Figure 5)
Reff,0 0
3.1.8
claimed isolator load bearing capacity
N
BC,0
claimed sliding isolator load bearing capacity
3.1.9
claimed isolator maximum seismic vertical force
N
E1,0
claimed sliding isolator maximum seismic vertical force
3.1.10
claimed isolator minimum seismic vertical force
N
E2,0
claimed sliding isolator minimum seismic vertical force
3.1.11
maximum accumulated sliding path
s
t
maximum accumulated sliding path within the sliding isolator
3.1.12
claimed isolator lowest service temperature
T
min,0
claimed sliding isolator lowest likely service temperature
3.2 Symbols
The list below comprises most of the symbols; others are defined at their first occurrence in the text.
3.2.1 Latin upper case letters
E energy kJ
K stiffness kN/mm
N vertical force kN
R radius mm
T temperature °C
V horizontal force kN
3.2.2 Latin lower case letters
d displacement (translation and/or rotation) mm
f pressure, frequency MPa, Hz
v velocity mm/s
3.2.3 Greek letters
μ coefficient of friction
3.2.4 Subscriptss
D dissipation
dyn dynamic
eff effective
i i-th cycle
max maximum
min minimum
E related to seismic situation
R effective radius
0 value claimed by manufacturer (subscript zero)
3.3 Abbreviations
CSS curved surface slider
FSS flat surface slider
4 Characteristics
4.1 Essential characteristics of sliding isolators
The essential characteristics of this standard applying to sliding isolators are:
— Load bearing capacity
— Rotation capability
— Friction coefficient:
i) Dynamic coefficient of friction
ii) Long-term maximum coefficient of friction and accumulated sliding path
— Horizontal distortion capability:
i) Displacement capacity
ii) Effective radius
iii) Maximum horizontal force
iv) Frictional resistance force
— Durability
4.2 Load bearing capacity
The load bearing capacity N of sliding isolators shall be determined according to 5.2.
BC
The performance of the load bearing capacity shall be expressed as a value in [kN] and a value in [mm].
4.3 Rotation capability
The rotation capability of sliding isolators shall be determined according to 5.3.
The performance of the rotation capability is expressed by the maximum free rotation capacity as
indication of a value in [radian].
4.4 Dynamic coefficient of friction
µ
dyn
The average dynamic coefficient of friction of sliding isolators shall be determined according to
5.4.
The performance of the average dynamic coefficient of friction shall be expressed as indication of a
value. In case of the sliding tests at vertical load N , the average dynamic coefficient of friction shall be
given together with the vertical load N of a value in [kN] added by the information regarding the loads
N and N of values in [kN].
E1,0 E2,0
4.5 Long-term maximum coefficient of friction and accumulated sliding path
The long-term maximum coefficient of friction μ of sliding isolators shall be determined for
max
+3
f
k,0  0
combinations of different temperatures, claimed pressures (tests A, C, D) and claimed
accumulated sliding path s (test B) according to 5.5.
t,0
The performance of the long-term maximum coefficient of friction resulting from tests A, C and D shall
be expressed as indication of values of the related combinations of different temperatures and
pressures. The performance of the measured accumulated sliding path s resulting from test B shall be
t
expressed as an indication of a value in [m].
EXAMPLE
Long-term
Pressure Temperature maximum
s (m)
Phase Test
t
(MPa) (°C) coefficient of
friction
0 °C measured value NA
-10 °C measured value NA
0,33
-20 °C measured value NA
1 A
+3
f
k,0  0
-35 °C measured value NA
+35 °C measured value NA
+21 °C measured value NA
0,33 ·
measured
2 B +21 °C NA
+3
f
value
k,0  0
0 °C measured value NA
-10 °C measured value NA
0,33 ·
-20 °C measured value NA
3 A
+3
f
k,0  0 -35 °C measured value NA

+35 °C measured value NA
+21 °C measured value NA
0 °C measured value NA
-10 °C measured value NA
0,17 · -20 °C measured value NA
4 C
+3
f
k,0  0 -35 °C measured value NA

+35 °C measured value NA
+21 °C measured value NA
Long-term
Pressure Temperature maximum
s (m)
Phase Test
t
(MPa) (°C)
coefficient of
friction
0 °C measured value NA
-10 °C measured value NA
0,08 ·
-20 °C measured value NA
5 D
+3
f
k,0  0
-35 °C measured value NA
+35 °C measured value NA
+21 °C measured value NA
4.6 Displacement capacity
The displacement capacity d of sliding isolators shall be determined according to 5.6.
m
The performance of the displacement capacity shall be expressed as indication of a value in [mm].
4.7 Effective radius
R
eff
The average effective radius shall be determined according to 5.7.
The performance of the average effective radius shall be expressed as indication of a value in [mm].
4.8 Maximum horizontal force
V
max
The average maximum horizontal force of sliding isolators shall be determined according to 5.8.
The performance of the average maximum horizontal force shall be expressed as indication of a value in
[kN].
4.9 Frictional resistance force
µ
The frictional resistance force and the static coefficient of friction (according to EN 1337-2:2004,
Annex D) shall be determined according to 5.9.
The performance of the frictional resistance force and the static coefficient of friction shall be expressed
as indication of a value in [kN] and as indication of a value.
4.10 Durability
The durability shall be determined according to 5.10.
The performance of the durability shall be expressed by a written report.
5 Assessment methods
5.1 General
Tests with horizontal displacement shall be performed in accordance with A.1 and A.2. Criteria when
assessment of performance is not needed are given in A.3. The content of test reports shall be in
accordance with A.4.
The order of testing shall be as follows (Table 1):
3. Frictional Resistance test (FR);
4. Sliding test Comparison (C);
5. Sliding test Dynamic 1 (D1);
6. Sliding test Dynamic 2 (D1);
7. Sliding test Dynamic 3 (D3);
8. Sliding test Seismic 1 (E1);
9. Sliding test Seismic 2 (E2);
10. Sliding test Rotated by 90° (R);
11. Sliding test Post-Ageing (PA);
12. Load bearing capacity (BC) test; if test PA is not needed then test BC after test R;
13. Disassembling and cleaning of sliding isolator for visual inspection.
For the following tests / calculations any order of testing / calculation does not exist:
— Long-term maximum coefficient of friction test;
— Calculation of rotation capacity;
— Calculation of displacement capacity.
5.2 Load bearing capacity
Considering the relevant provisions of 5.1 and the claimed value N , the load bearing capacity test
BC,0
(BC) shall be performed as follows:
1. Horizontal displacement: zero (error ≤ 1 % of displacement capacity d )
m
2. Vertical force:
— application of preload of 5 % of N ;
BC,0
— increase vertical force to N in not less than 60 s;
BC,0
— maintain vertical force at N in force control mode for at least 60 s;
BC,0
— measure vertical deformation of sliding isolator at N after the dwell period of 60 s;
BC,0
— increase vertical force to 130 % of N in not less than 20 s;
BC,0
— maintain vertical force at 130 % of N in force control mode for at least 60 s;
BC,0
— measure vertical deformation of sliding isolator at the vertical force 130 % of N after the
BC,0
dwell period of 60 s;
— decrease vertical force to preload;
— unload sliding isolator;
3. Continuous recording:
— vertical force measured by load cell or pressure transducer system;
— vertical displacement between the outer surfaces of the backing plates using equally
distributed displacement sensors (minimum accuracy 1 %) along the periphery (120° for three
displacement transducers, 90° for four displacement transducers, etc.);
4. Reported data:
— time histories of vertical force and vertical displacement;
— vertical force plotted on the y-axis against vertical displacement plotted on the x-axis (data of
entire test);
— absolute maximum value of vertical force and 1/1,3 of this value describing the declared load
bearing capacity;
— the protrusion shall be the difference between the vertical displacements (average value of all
sensors) measured at 5 % of N and measured at N divided by the number of sliding
BC,0 BC,0
sheets within the sliding isolator.
NOTE If the sliding material is recessed in its backing plate, the sliding material thickness is the protrusion of
the sliding material sheet from its recess.
5.3 Rotation capability
The maximum free rotation capacity shall be calculated based on the drawings of the sliding isolator for
the two conditions of zero displacement and maximum displacement of the sliding isolator.
NOTE The drawings are commonly referred to as shop drawings.
5.4 Dynamic coefficient of friction
Considering the relevant provisions of 5.1 and the claimed values d , R , N , N and N , the
0 eff,0 0 E1,0 E2,0
sliding tests C, D1, D2, D3, E1, E2, R and PA to determine the average dynamic coefficient of friction
µ
dyn
shall be performed as follows (Table 1):
1. Horizontal displacement: zero (error ≤ 1 % of displacement capacity d );
m
2. Vertical force / horizontal displacement:
— vertical force N in force control mode according to Table 1;
— impose horizontal displac
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