EN ISO 19156:2013
(Main)Geographic information - Observations and measurements (ISO 19156:2011)
Geographic information - Observations and measurements (ISO 19156:2011)
ISO 19156:2011 defines a conceptual schema for observations, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities.
Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. ISO 19156:2011 defines a common set of sampling feature types classified primarily by topological dimension, as well as samples for ex-situ observations. The schema includes relationships between sampling features (sub-sampling, derived samples).
ISO 19156:2011 concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.
Geoinformation - Erdbeobachtung und Erdmessung (ISO 19156:2011)
Information géographique - Observations et mesures (ISO 19156:2011)
L'ISO 19156:2011 définit un schéma conceptuel pour l'observation et pour les entités relatives à l'échantillonnage des données dans le cadre des observations. Ceux-ci fournissent des modèles destinés à l'échange d'information décrivant les faits observés et leurs résultats, aussi bien entre les différentes communautés scientifiques et techniques qu'en leur sein.
En général, les observations impliquent l'échantillonnage par une entité concernée finale. L'ISO 19156:2011 définit une série commune de types d'entités d'échantillonnage classées principalement par dimension topologique, ainsi que des échantillons pour les observations ex‑situ. Ce schéma comprend les relations entre les entités d'échantillonnage (sous-échantillonnage, échantillons dérivés).
L'ISO 19156:2011 ne concerne que les interfaces visibles de l'extérieur et ne place aucune restriction quant aux implémentations sous-jacentes, autres que celles nécessaires pour satisfaire aux spécifications relatives aux interfaces dans le contexte actuel.
Geografske informacije - Opazovanja in meritve (ISO 19156:2011)
Ta mednarodni standard določa konceptualno shemo za opazovanja in značilnosti, ki so med opazovanji vključene v vzorčenje. Opazovanja zagotavljajo modele za izmenjavo informacij z opisom opazovalnih ukrepov in njihovih rezultatov v različnih znanstvenih in tehničnih skupnostih ter med njimi. Opazovanja pogosto vključujejo vzorčenje temeljne interesne značilnosti. Ta mednarodni standard določa splošen nabor vrst vzorčenih značilnosti, ki so primarno razvrščene glede na topologijo, in vzorce za opazovanja ex-situ (na drugem kraju). Shema vključuje razmerja med vzorčenimi značilnostmi (podvzorčenje, izpeljani vzorci). Ta mednarodni standard zajema samo vidne vmesnike in ne omejuje osnovne implementacije, razen kot je to potrebno, da so izpolnjene specifikacije vmesnika v dejanski situaciji.
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2013
Geografske informacije - Opazovanja in meritve (ISO 19156:2011)
Geographic information - Observations and measurements (ISO 19156:2011)
Geoinformation - Erdbeobachtung und Erdmessung (ISO 19156:2011)
Information géographique - Observations et mesures (ISO 19156:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19156:2013
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 19156
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2013
ICS 35.240.70
English Version
Geographic information - Observations and measurements (ISO
19156:2011)
Information géographique - Observations et mesures (ISO Geoinformation - Erdbeobachtung und Erdmessung (ISO
19156:2011) 19156:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19156:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
The text of ISO 19156:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic
information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over
as EN ISO 19156:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19156:2011 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19156:2013 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19156
First edition
2011-12-15
Geographic information — Observations
and measurements
Information géographique — Observations et mesures
Reference number
ISO 19156:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
ISO 19156:2011(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 19156:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 Overview . 1
2.2 Conformance classes related to Application Schemas including Observations and
Measurements . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 3
5 Abbreviated terms and notation . 5
5.1 Abbreviated terms . 5
5.2 Schema language . 5
5.3 Model element names . 6
6 Dependencies . 6
7 Fundamental characteristics of observations . 6
7.1 The context for observations . 6
7.2 Observation schema . 8
7.3 Use of the observation model .15
8 Specialized observations .15
8.1 Classification of observation by result type .15
8.2 Observations whose result is constant .16
8.3 Observations whose result varies .17
9 Fundamental characteristics of sampling features .19
9.1 The context for sampling .19
9.2 Sampling Schema .20
10 Spatial sampling features .24
10.1 The context for spatial sampling features .24
10.2 Spatial sampling feature schema .24
10.3 Decomposition of extensive sampling features for observations .26
10.4 Common names for sampling features (informative) .26
11 Specimens .27
11.1 The context for specimens .27
11.2 Specimen schema .27
Annex A (normative) Abstract Test Suite .30
Annex B (informative) Mapping O&M terminology to common usage .35
Annex C (normative) Utility classes .38
Annex D (informative) Best practices in use of the observation and sampling models .40
Bibliography .46
ISO 19156:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19156 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, in
collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC).
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 19156:2011(E)
Introduction
This International Standard arises from work originally undertaken through the Open Geospatial Consortium’s
Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) activity. SWE is concerned with establishing interfaces and protocols that will
enable a “Sensor Web” through which applications and services will be able to access sensors of all types, and
observations generated by them, over the Web. SWE has defined, prototyped and tested several components
needed for a Sensor Web, namely:
— Sensor Model Language (SensorML).
— Observations & Measurements (O&M).
— Sensor Observation Service (SOS).
— Sensor Planning Service (SPS).
— Sensor Alert Service (SAS).
This International Standard specifies the Observations and Measurements schema, including a schema for
sampling features.
The content presented here derives from an earlier version published by Open Geospatial Consortium as
OGC 07-022r1, Observations and Measurements — Part 1 — Observation schema and OGC 07-002r3,
Observations and Measurements — Part 2 — Sampling Features. A technical note describing the changes
from the earlier version is available from the Open Geospatial Consortium (see http://www.opengeospatial.
org/standards/om).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19156:2011(E)
Geographic information — Observations and measurements
1 Scope
This International Standard defines a conceptual schema for observations, and for features involved in sampling
when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts
and
...
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