CEN/TS 16165:2016

Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation

This Technical Specification specifies test methods for the determination of the slip resistance of surfaces in the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
This Technical Specification does not cover sports surfaces and road surfaces for vehicles (skid resistance).

Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren

Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes d’évaluation

La présente Spécification technique spécifie les méthodes d’essai pour la détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces sur lesquelles des piétons marchent dans les situations les plus courantes.
La présente Spécification technique ne couvre pas les surfaces destinées à un usage sportif ni les revêtements de route pour véhicules (résistance au dérapage).

Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda vrednotenja

Ta tehnična specifikacija določa preskusne metode za ugotavljanje odpornosti površin proti zdrsu v najobičajnejših okoliščinah pri hoji peščev. Ta tehnična specifikacija ne zajema športnih in cestnih površin za vozila (torna sposobnost).

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Aug-2016
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 339 - Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 339 - Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 27-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Mandate: M/127 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on construction adhesives
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN/TS 16165:2016 - Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation

Relations

• Replaces: CEN/TS 16165:2012 - Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Effective Date: 16-Nov-2014
• Replaced By: EN 16165:2021 - Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Effective Date: 03-Nov-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16165:2014
Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda vrednotenja
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthode
d'évaluation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16165:2016
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TS 16165
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
August 2016
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 16165:2012
English Version
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces -
Methods of evaluation
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von
surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes d'évaluation Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 12 June 2016 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16165:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Test methods . 9
Annex A (normative) Barefoot Ramp Test . 10
A.1 Principle . 10
A.2 Test equipment . 10
A.2.1 Test apparatus. 10
A.2.2 Test surface . 11
A.2.3 Contaminant . 11
A.3 Calibration . 12
A.3.1 General . 12
A.3.2 Validation of the test person . 12
A.4 Test procedure . 13
A.5 Evaluation . 14
A.6 Precision . 15
A.7 Test report . 15
Annex B (normative) Shod Ramp Test . 16
B.1 Principle . 16
B.2 Test equipment . 16
B.2.1 Test apparatus with safety devices . 16
B.2.2 Test surface . 17
B.2.3 Contaminant . 17
B.2.4 Test footwear . 18
B.3 Calibration . 18
B.3.1 General . 18
B.3.2 Validation of the test person . 18
B.4 Test procedure . 19
B.5 Evaluation . 20
B.6 Precision . 21
B.7 Test report . 21
Annex C (normative) Pendulum friction test . 22
C.1 Principle . 22
C.2 Apparatus . 22
C.2.1 Pendulum friction tester . 22
C.2.2 Additional items required for testing . 27
C.3 Preparation . 27
C.3.1 General . 27
C.3.2 Preparation of the slider . 29
C.3.3 Small units . 31
C.3.4 Flatness of the surface . 31
C.4 Verification . 31
C.5 Conducting the test . 32
C.5.1 Procedure . 32
C.5.2 Checking for error . 33
C.5.3 Calculating the pendulum test value (PTV) . 33
C.6 Pendulum measurements on site, additional information . 33
C.7 Precision . 35
C.8 Test report . 35
C.9 Pendulum scale dimensions . 36
C.10 Calibration procedure for the pendulum friction tester . 37
C.10.1 General . 37
C.10.2 Pre-calibration verification . 37
C.10.3 Detailed condition check . 38
C.10.4 Checking/setting the centre of gravity of the pendulum arm and slider assembly . 38
C.10.5 Checking/setting the effective spring tension . 40
C.10.6 Checking/setting the slider force/deflection characteristics . 42
C.10.7 Checking/setting the levelness of the frame . 43
C.10.8 Final calibration . 44
C.10.9 Calibration report and marking (external calibration). 44
Annex D (normative) Tribometer test . 46
D.1 Principle . 46
D.2 Apparatus and test equipment . 46
D.2.1 Apparatus . 46
D.3 Test equipment. 47
D.4 Verification and checking . 48
D.4.1 Verification of the load cell . 48
D.4.2 Checking of the slider material . 49
D.5 Sampling and preparation of the test sample for laboratory tests . 49
D.6 Preparation of the test surface for on-site tests. 50
D.7 Preparation of the sliders . 51
D.8 Procedure. 51
D.9 Calculation and expression of results . 51
D.10 Precision . 52
D.11 Test report . 52
Bibliography . 53
European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16165:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 339 “Slip
resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 16165:2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document describes the most commonly used test methods in Europe for the determination of the
slip resistance of floorings in the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
The method in Annex A describes the test method based on the ramp with contaminant water and
operator barefoot.
The method in Annex B describes the test method based on the ramp with contaminant oil and operator
wearing specified shoes.
NOTE The contaminant oil is used only to make the test more sensitive.
The method in Annex C describes the test method based on the pendulum in dry and wet conditions
using specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ.
The method in Annex D describes the test method based on the tribometer in dry and wet conditions
using specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ.
The tests described in Annexes A and B are laboratory tests. The tests described in Annexes C and D are
laboratory and in situ tests. It is recommended to use Annexes A to D in the situations described as
follows:
The method in Annex A: Floorings in wet conditions where the pedestrian is barefoot.
The method in Annex B, C and D: Floorings in private and/or public and/or work areas in wet and/or
dry conditions where the pedestrian is wearing shoes.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies test methods for the determination of the slip resistance of
surfaces in the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
This Technical Specification does not cover sports surfaces and road surfaces for vehicles (skid
resistance).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 438-4, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) - Sheets based on thermosetting resins (usually called
laminates) - Part 4: Classification and specifications for compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and greater
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite - Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness) (ISO 868)
EN ISO 4287, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Terms,
definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287)
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 5: Alternative
methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method
ISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness — Part 1:
Durometer method (Shore hardness)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
pedestrian surface
surface which is designed for people to walk upon
3.2
acceptance angle
lowest angle of the inclined ramp at which the test person reaches the limit of safe walking when
slipping occurs
3.3
contaminant
material on the surface of the surface which is not an inherent part of the surface and which can affect
the frictional properties of that surface
3.4
surface
pedestrian surface excluding road surfaces and sports surfaces
3.5
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, e.g. the test slider or the footwear sole and
the pedestrian surface
Note 1 to entry: The frictional force is the force acting tangentially in the contact area.
3.6
slip
loss of traction which can cause the test persons to lose their footing
3.7
slip resistance
measure of dynamic friction between two surfaces in contact with or without the presence of a specified
contaminant
Note 1 to entry: The frictional force opposing movement of an object across a surface, usually with reference to
the sole (including the heel) of a shoe or to the barefoot contact area on a floor. Slip resistance of a pedestrian
surface is the property of the surface which limits the relative sliding movement.
3.8
test person
person who walks on the test surface or calibration surface
3.9
test walk
walk to determine a single acceptance angle
3.10
pendulum test value
PTV
standardised value of the slip resistance as measure of the friction between the slider and the test
surface obtained with the pendulum friction tester which incorporates a slider manufactured of rubber
3.11
dynamic coefficient of friction
coefficient of friction where movement of a body across a surface is maintained at constant speed
3.12
sliding friction coefficient for surfaces
μ
quotient of the horizontal frictional force and the vertically acting force between the slider and the
horizontal surface during movement at a constant speed
3.13
sliding distance
distance over which the body is pulled during a single measurement
3.14
measuring distance
distance over which the sliding friction coefficient is determined
3.15
measurement series
series consisting of five single measurements on one measuring distance
3.16
test cycle
cycle consisting of three measurement series
4 Test methods
Carry out a test according to Annex A to Annex D. If tests are performed in the laboratory the room
temperature should be (20 ± 5)°C unless otherwise stated.
Annex A
(normative)
Barefoot Ramp Test
A.1 Principle
Two bare-foot test persons are used to determine the acceptance angle, after the pedestrian surface
material being tested has been continuously coated with water containing a wetting agent. The test
persons, each in turn, facing downhill and with an upright posture, move forwards and backwards over
the test surface, as they increase their angle of inclination, until the safe limit of walking is reached and
a slip occurs. The mean acceptance angle obtained is used to express the degree of slip resistance.
Subjective influences on the acceptance angle are limited by means of a calibration procedure.
A.2 Test equipment
A.2.1 Test apparatus
The test device (Figure A.1) is a level and torsion-free platform of approximately 600 mm width and
2 000 mm length which can be adjusted longitudinally as a continuous movement to gradients from 0°
to approximately 45°. The lifting stroke is controlled by the test person. An angle indicator on the test
device shall show the platform tilt away from the horizontal plane at an accuracy of ± 0,2°. The test
apparatus shall be rigid such that the angle does not vary by more than ± 0,5° during the walking. The
display of the angle measurement system shall be fixed in such a way that the test person cannot read it
during the test. The test person is safeguarded by railings along the sides and protected from falling by
a safety harness which shall not cause a hindrance to the test person when walking on the pedestrian
surface material under test.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 safety harness and fall arrest system
2 drive unit
3 inclinable walkway area on which the test surface or verification/calibration surface is fixed
4 angle indicator
Figure A.1 — Example of a typical test apparatus
A.2.2 Test surface
The test surface area shall be approximately 100 cm × 50 cm. The test surface shall be clean. The test
surface shall be either self-supporting, or securely mounted on a suitable flat surface.
If the slip resistance differs depending on the direction of walking, then it will be necessary to
determine the direction of lowest slip resistance.
A.2.3 Contaminant
Aqueous solution of Dehypon LS45 (CAS-No. 68439-51-0) in a concentration of 1 g/l (aqueous solution:
0,1 % Dehypon LS45 in water) shall be used as the contaminant. Prior to and during testing the aqueous
solution shall be applied at (6,0 ± 1,0) l/min using appropriate jets so as to form a largely uniform spray
of contaminant across the test specimen. The temperature range of the solution shall be in between
29,0 ± 2,0 °C.
The contaminant shall run in an open circle (no recirculation).
A.3 Calibration
A.3.1 General
The inclination of the inclinable walkway surface shall be calibrated annually and checked periodically.
Verification of the data produced by test persons shall be undertaken daily prior to testing. The latter
shall be achieved by use of an appropriate set of standardized surfaces. The calibration processes as
specified below shall be used to select and familiarise the test persons.
A.3.2 Validation of the test person
Three standard surfaces, St-A, St-B and St-C, are used for the calibration process. The acceptance angle
(α) of these surfaces are given in Table A.1 and are specified as acceptance angles α , α and α
S,St-A S,St-B S,St-C
of the three standard surfaces.
On the same day, but prior to testing the test surfaces, each test person (j) shall walk on each standard
surface (i = St-A, St-B and St-C) three times (see A.4) and the mean calibration (C) values α , α
C,St-A,j C,St-B,j
and α shall be determined.
C,St-C,j
∆=αα−α
Each individual correction value (i = St-A, St-B and St-C) of the calibration prior to
ij, S ,i C ,,ij
testing shall be calculated and gives ∆∆αα, and∆α .
St−−A,,j St B j St−C , j
Each of the individual correction values shall be less than the corresponding critical differences CrD
that are given in Table A.1, i.e. ||∆≤α CrD . If one of the absolute values is greater, the test person in
ij, 95
question shall be excluded from the test and replaced by another test person for that day.
Table A.1 — Acceptance angle and critical difference values of the three standard surfaces
Standard surface α CrD
S,i 95
St-A 11,5° 2,1°
St-B 18,5° 2,1°
St-C 23,9° 2,1°
NOTE The critical difference of CrD indicates the spreading of measured values during measurements on
the same object at various test locations, or coincidental deviations during repeated measurements at the same
test location.
The critical differences of CrD are determined for the three standard surfaces for a significance level of
95 % from the comparison and repetition limits according to ISO 5725-2 or ISO 5725-5.
Calculation as follows:
a) Each test person j walks on a standard surface three times and the average calibration values are
determined:
α α α
C ,,St−−A j C ,,St B j C ,St−C , j
b) The individual correction value:
∆=α αα− (i = St-A, St-B and St-C)
ij, S,i C,ij,
is calculated and results in:
∆α ∆∆α α
St−A, j St−B,,j St−C j
c) Rejection of test person if:
|∆>α | CrD (see Table A.1)
ij, 95
A.4 Test procedure
a) The test surface (see A.2.2) shall be clean.
b) The test person shall put on the harness (see A.2.1). The test person shall then attach to the fall
arrest system (see A.2.1).
c) The test person shall mount the ramp (which shall be set to the horizontal position) so as to stand
on the test surface.
d) Application of the aqueos Dehypon-solution
e) Facing down the ramp and looking at their feet, the test person, using a half-step gait, shall take a
minimum of four steps down the test surface (walking forwards), and then take half-steps up the
test surface (walking backwards) to return to their starting position. The test person shall walk up
and down the test surface twice before raising the ramp by a small amount. This continues until a
slip occurs.
f) It is essential to maintain a rhythm of about 144 half steps per minute. A metronome or similar
should be used to keep pace.
NOTE Above a ramp angle of 15°, the pace is less important.
g) Once a slip occurs the walk shall be repeated at the angle of slip and if a further slip occurs then this
angle is recorded.
h) If there is no second slip the test is continued, raising the angle by a small amount until two slips
occur at the same angle.
i) Record the angle, α rounded to the nearest 0,2°.
barefoot
j) Repeat the procedure from the horizontal two more times and record all three angles.
k) The test shall be repeated by a second test person.
l) It is important that around the point of slip the angle is not raised too much in one step.
Incremental rises shall therefore be small at this point.
m) If it is suspected that the angle has been raised by too great an amount around the point of slip then
the angle shall be lowered to below the angle of slip and the run repeated using smaller increments.
For determining the slip resistance characteristics of surfaces with directional surface profiles or
texture, see A.2.2.
A.5 Evaluation
From an accepted test person, j, the mean angle, α , shall be determined. For two test persons a
0,j
correction value, D (D and D ) is calculated for each tested surface from the values obtained from the
j 1 2
calibration surfaces. The calculated correction value, D , is added to the mean value of each test covering
j
α , giving the corrected value for one test walker α (α or α ).
j 1 2
0,j
The calculation of D shall be carried out in accordance with one of the four cases given in Table A.2.
j
Table A.2 — Correction value depending on the size of the mean acceptance angle
Case Correction value D for test surface
j
α <α D =∆×α
0, j C ,St−A, j
j St,−Aj

α −α
0, j C ,St−A, j
D=∆+α ∆−αα∆ × ×

( )
j St,−Aj St,−−B j St,Aj
α ≤α <α
C ,tS−−A, j 0, j C ,tS B, j α −α

C ,tS−−B, j C ,tS A, j

 
α −α
0, j C ,St−B, j
D= ∆α +∆αα−∆ × ×
 
( )
j St,−B j St−C , j St,−B j
α ≤α <α
C ,tS−−B, j 0, j C ,tS C , j αα−
 C ,tS−C , j C ,tS−B, j
 
α ≤α D =∆×α
C ,St−C , j 0, j j St−C , j
where
α is the mean test acceptance angle for test person j;
0,j
D is the correction value for test person j;
j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-A;
C,St-A,j
Δα is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-A (11,5 - α )
St-A,j C,St-A,j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-B;
C,St-B,j
Δα is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-B (18,5 - α );
St-B,j C,St-B,j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-C;
C,St-C,j
Δα is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-C (23,9 - α ).
St-C,j C,St-C,j
The corrected mean acceptance angle of test person 1 (α ) and test person 2 (α ) shall be added
1 2
together and divided by 2 creating the critical angle α rounded down to the nearest whole degree.
barefoot
A.6 Precision
A round robin exercise will be carried out which will help the development of precision data. The
precision data will be given in the revised version of this Technical Specification.
A.7 Test report
The following information shall be given in the test report:
a) reference to this Technical Specification;
b) test organization and name of the person responsible for the test;
c) date of test;
d) identity of test surfaces or designation, manufacturer, product, where applicable quality class,
colour and dimensions of products used for the surface (if this information is known);
e) surface structure (e.g. smooth, profiled, structured);
f) critical angle, α , rounded down to the nearest whole degree.
barefoot
Annex B
(normative)
Shod Ramp Test
B.1 Principle
Two test persons wearing shoes are used to determine the acceptance angle, after the pedestrian
surface material being tested has been evenly coated with oil. The test persons, each in turn, facing
downhill and with an upright posture, move forwards and backwards over the test surface, as they
increase their angle of inclination, until the safe limit of walking is reached and a slip occurs. The mean
acceptance angle obtained is used to express the degree of slip resistance. Subjective influences on the
acceptance angle are limited by means of a calibration procedure.
B.2 Test equipment
B.2.1 Test apparatus with safety devices
The test device (Figure B.1) is a level and torsion-free platform of approximately 600 mm width and 2
000 mm length which can be adjusted longitudinally as a continuous movement to gradients from 0° to
approximately 45°. The lifting stroke is controlled by the test person. An angle indicator on the test
device shall show the platform tilt away from the horizontal plane at an accuracy of ± 0,2°. The test
apparatus shall be rigid such that the angle does not vary by more than ± 0,5° during the walking. The
display of the angle measurement system shall be fixed in such a way that the test person cannot read it
during the test.
The test person is safeguarded by railings along the sides and protected from falling by a safety harness
which shall not cause a hindrance to the test person when walking on the pedestrian surface material
under test.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 safety harness and fall arrest system
2 drive unit
3 inclinable walkway area on which the test surface or verification/calibration surface is fixed
4 angle indicator
Figure B.1 — Example of typical test apparatus
B.2.2 Test surface
The test surface area shall be approximately 100 cm × 50 cm. The test surface shall be clean. The test
surface shall be either self-supporting, or securely mounted on a suitable flat surface.
If the slip resistance differs depending on the direction of walking, then it will be necessary to
determine the direction of lowest slip resistance.
B.2.3 Contaminant
Engine oil of SAE viscosity grade 10 W 30 according to SAE J300:1999 shall be used as the contaminant.
200 ml/m oil shall be evenly brushed onto the test surface prior to test walks of each test person.
The oil should be stored in a tightly sealed vessel in order to prevent changes to its viscosity.
B.2.4 Test footwear
The test persons shall wear a test shoe with a outsole made of rubber-base, Shore-A hardness 73 ± 5
determined according to EN ISO 868 with a profile according to Figure B.2.
Before first use, the surface of the test shoe soling shall be thoroughly abraded using an orbital sander
fitted with P400 grade silicon carbide abrasive paper in order to achieve a consistent, even,
reproducible finish over the entire surface. The abrasive paper shall be discarded when noticeable wear
or tearing occurs. Freshly abraded soling shall be dusted before testing using a clean, soft brush. The
soles shall have been wetted with the engine oil for at least 10 min prior to the test. After the test, the
test shoes soling shall be stored clean from oil and dry. No solvent or gas oil should be used while
cleaning.
NOTE A profiled sole is needed to determine the physical-interlock-slip-resistance which is provided by the
profile of the test surface.
Figure B.2 — Profiled sole of test shoe
B.3 Calibration
B.3.1 General
The inclination of the inclinable walkway surface shall be calibrated annually and checked periodically.
Verification of the data produced by test persons shall be undertaken daily prior to testing. The latter
shall be achieved by use of standardized test footwear and an appropriate set of standardized surfaces.
The calibration processes as specified below shall be used to select and familiarise the test persons.
B.3.2 Validation of the test person
Three standard surfaces, St-I, St-II and St-III, are used for the calibration process. The acceptance angle
(α) of these surfaces are given in Table B.1 and are specified as acceptance angles α , α and
St-I St-II
α of the three standard surfaces.
St-III
On the same day, but prior to testing the test surfaces, each test person (j) shall walk on each standard
surface (i = St-I, St-II and St-III) three times (see B.4) and the mean calibration (C) values α α
C,St-I,j, C,St-II,j
and α shall be determined.
C,St-III,j
Each individual correction value ∆=αα−α (i = St-I, St-II and St-III) of the calibration prior to
ij, S ,i C ,,ij
testing shall be calculated and gives ∆∆αα, and∆α .
St−−I ,,j St II j St−III , j
Each of the individual correction values shall be less than the corresponding critical differences CrD
that are given in Table B.1, i.e. ||∆≤α CrD . If one of the absolute values is greater, the test person in
ij, 95
question shall be excluded from the test and replaced by another test person for that day.
Table B.1 — Acceptance angle and critical difference values of the three standard surfaces
Standard surface α CrD
S,i 95
St-I 8,7° 3,0°
St-II 17,3° 3,0°
St-IIIA 27,3° 3,0°
NOTE The critical difference of CrD indicates the spreading of measured values during measurements on
the same object at various test locations, or coincidental deviations during repeated measurements at the same
test location.
The critical differences of CrD are determined for the three standard surfaces for a significance level of
95 % from the comparison and repetition limits according to ISO 5725-2 or ISO 5725-5.
Calculation as follows:
a) Each test person j walks on a standard surface three times and the average calibration values are
determined:
αα α
C ,,St−−I j C ,St II , j C ,St−III , j
b) The individual correction value:
∆=α αα− (i = St-I, St-II and St-III)
ij, S,i C,ij,
is calculated and results in:
∆αα∆ ∆α
St−I ,,j St−II j St−III , j
c) Rejection of test person or/and control of footwear, if:
|∆>α | CrD (see Table B.1)
ij, 95
B.4 Test procedure
a) The test surface (see B.2.2) shall be clean.
b) The test person wears the test shoes.
c) The test person shall put on the harness (see B.2.1). The test person shall then attach to the fall
arrest system (see B.2.1).
d) The test person shall mount the ramp (which shall be set to the horizontal position) so as to stand
on the test surface.
e) (200 ± 20) ml/m of the specified oil is brushed onto the surface of the sample surface and the soles
of the footwear.
f) Facing down the ramp and looking at their feet, the test person, using a half-step gait, shall take a
minimum of four steps down the test surface (walking forwards), and then take half-steps up the
test surface (walking backwards) to return to their starting position. The test person shall walk up
and down the test surface twice before raising the ramp by a small amount. This continues until a
slip occurs.
g) It is essential to maintain a rhythm of about 144 half steps per minute. A metronome or similar
should be used to keep pace.
NOTE Above a ramp angle of 15°, the pace is less important.
h) Once a slip occurs the walk shall be repeated at the angle of slip and if a further slip occurs then this
angle is recorded.
i) If there is no second slip the test is continued, raising the angle by a small amount until two slips
occur at the same angle.
j) Record the angle, α rounded to the nearest 0,2°.
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k) Repeat the procedure from the horizontal two more times and record all three angles. The oil
should be redistributed using the brush.
l) The test shall be repeated by a second test person.
m) It is important that around the point of slip the angle is not raised too much in one step.
Incremental rises shall therefore be small at this point.
n) If it is suspected that the angle has been raised by too great an amount around the point of slip then
the angle shall be lowered to below the angle of slip and the run repeated using smaller increments.
For determining the slip resistance characteristics of surfaces with directional surface profiles or
texture, see B.2.2.
B.5 Evaluation
From an accepted test person, j, the mean angle, α , shall be determined. For two test persons a
0,j
correction value, D (D and D ) is calculated for each tested surface from the values obtained from the
j 1 2
calibration surfaces. The calculated correction value, D , is added to the mean value of each test covering
j
α , giving the corrected value for one test walker α (α or α ).
0,j j 1 2
The calculation of Dj shall be carried out in accordance with one of the four cases given in Table B.2.
Table B.2 — Correction value depending on the size of the mean acceptance angle
Case Correction value D for test surface
j
α <α
D =∆×α
0, j C ,St−I , j
j St,−Ij
 
α −α
0, j C ,St−I , j
α ≤α <α D= ∆α +∆αα−∆ × ×
 
( )
C ,tS−−I , j 0, j C ,tS II , j j St,−I j St−II , j St,−I j
αα−
 C ,tS−−II , j C ,tS I , j
 
 
α −α
α ≤α <α 1
0, j C ,St−II , j
C ,tS−II , j 0, j C ,tS−III , j
D= ∆α +∆αα−∆ × ×
 
( )
j St,−II j St−−III , j St,II j
α −α
 C ,tS−−III , j C ,tS II , j
 
α ≤α
D =∆×α
C ,St−III , j 0, j
j St−III , j
where
α0,j is the mean test acceptance angle for test person j;
D is the correction value for test person j;
j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-I;
C,St-I,j
Δα is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-I (8,7 - α )
St-I,j C,St-I,j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-II;
C,St-II,j
Δα is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-II (17,3 - α );
St-II,j C,St-II,j
α is the average calibration value for test person j walking on standard surface St-III;
C,St-III,j
Δα is the correction value for test person j walking on standard surface St-III
St-III,j
(27,3 - α ).
C,St-III,j
The corrected mean acceptance angle of test person 1 (α ) and test person 2 (α ) shall be added
1 2
together and divided by 2 creating the critical angle α rounded down to the nearest whole degree.
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B.6 Precision
A round robin exercise will be carried out which will help the development of precision data. The
precision data will be given in the revised version of this Technical Specification.
B.7 Test report
The following information shall be given in the test report:
a) reference to this Technical Specification;
b) test organization and name of the person responsible for the test;
c) date of test;
d) identity of test surfaces or designation, manufacturer, product, where applicable quality class,
colour and dimensions of products used for the surface (if this information is known);
e) surface structure (e.g. smoot
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