EN 13001-2:2004
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 2: Load actions
Cranes - General design - Part 2: Load actions
This document specifies general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification. Note: Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this standard is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards: a) rigid body instability of the crane or its parts.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 2: Lasteinwirkungen
Diese Europäische Norm ist zusammen mit Teil 1 und Teil 3 anzuwenden und spezifiziert allgemeine Bedingungen, Anforderungen und Methoden zur Vermeidung von Gefahren bei Kranen durch die Konstruktion und theoretische Überprüfung. Teil 3 befindet sich in der Vorentwurfsphase; die Verwendung der Teile 1 und 2 setzt nicht die Veröffentlichung von Teil 3 voraus.
ANMERKUNG Besondere Anforderungen für spezielle Krantypen sind in der zugehörigen Europäischen Norm für den speziellen Krantyp angegeben.
Im Folgenden ist eine Auflistung von wichtigen gefährlichen Situationen und gefährlichen Ereignissen gegeben, die Risiken für Personen während des normalen Gebrauchs (des Krans) und vorhersehbarem Missbrauch zur Folge haben könnten. Abschnitt 4 dieser Norm wird zur Reduzierung oder Eliminierung der mit den folgenden Gefahrensituationen verbundenen Risiken benötigt:
a) Starrkörperinstabilität des Krans oder seiner Teile;
b) Überschreitung der Festigkeitsgrenzwerte (Fließen, Bruch, Ermüdung);
c) Überschreitung von Temperaturgrenzwerten des Werkstoffs oder der Komponenten;
d) elastische Instabilität des Krans oder seiner Teile;
e) Überschreitung der Verformungsgrenzwerte.
Diese Europäische Norm ist anwendbar für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Genehmigung dieser Norm durch CEN hergestellt werden, und dient als Referenzgrundlage für die Europäischen Normen für spezielle Krantypen.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 2: Effets de charge
La présente norme européenne spécifie les conditions, prescriptions et méthodes générales afin d'éviter les risques mécaniques dus aux grues, en utilisant la conception et la vérification théorique. Note: les prescriptions spécifiques relatives aux types particuliers de grues sont données dans la norme européenne appropriée pour le type particulier de grue. La liste suivante énumère les situations et les événements dangereux significatifs susceptibles d'entraîner des risques pour les personnes lors d'une utilisation normale et d'une mauvaise utilisation prévisible.
Varnost dvigala (žerjava) – Konstrukcija, splošno – 2. del: Bremenski učinki
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2005
9DUQRVWGYLJDOD åHUMDYD ±.RQVWUXNFLMDVSORãQR±GHO %UHPHQVNLXþLQNL
Cranes - General design - Part 2: Load actions
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 2: Lasteinwirkungen
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 2: Effets de
charge
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13001-2:2004
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13001-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2004
ICS 53.020.20
English version
Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load effects
Sécurité des appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Kransicherheit - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 2:
Conception générale - Partie 2: Effets de charge Lasteinwirkungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 March 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13001-2:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 4
2 Normative references. 4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations. 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 5
4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Loads. 9
4.2.1 General . 9
4.2.2 Regular loads.10
4.2.3 Occasional loads .16
4.2.4 Exceptional loads .21
4.2.5 Loads on means provided for access .27
4.3 Load combinations.27
4.3.1 General .27
4.3.2 High risk applications .27
4.3.3 Mass distribution classes MDC1 and MDC2.28
4.3.4 Partial safety factors for the mass of the crane .28
4.3.5 Partial safety factors to be applied to loads caused by displacements.29
4.3.6 Survey of load combinations.29
4.3.7 Partial safety factors for the proof of rigid body stability.33
Annex A (normative) Aerodynamic coefficients.36
A.1 General .36
A.2 Individual members .39
A.3 Plane and spatial lattice structure members.43
A.4 Structural members in multiple arrangement.46
Annex B (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given
application .48
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .49
Bibliography .50
Foreword
This document (EN 13001-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147
“Cranes — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005 .
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive 98/37.
For relationship with EC Directives, see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Annex A is normative, annex B is informative.
This European Standard is one Part of EN 13001. The other parts are as follows:
Part 1: General principles and requirements
Part 2: Load actions
Part 3.1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures
Part 3.2: Limit states and proof of competence of rope reeving components
Part 3.3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
Part 3.4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means for
the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential health and
safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes
interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer and the
component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in the EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of
this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard is to be used together with Part 1 and Part 3 and as such they specify
general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent hazards of cranes by design and theoretical
verification. Part 3 is only at pre-drafting stage; the use of Parts 1 and 2 is not conditional to the
publication of Part 3.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard
for the particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in
risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this standard is necessary to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
a) Rigid body instability of the crane or its parts (tilting and shifting).
b) Exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue).
c) Elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging).
d) Exceeding temperature limits of material or components.
e) Exceeding the deformation limits.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by
CEN of this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane
types.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment
or revision. For undated references the latest editions of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1:
Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003).
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications (ISO 12100-2:2003).
EN 1070: 1998, Safety of machinery — Terminology.
EN 1990-1:2002, Eurocode – Basic of structural design.
EN 13001-1, Cranes — General Design — Part 1: General principles and requirements.
ISO 4306-1: 1990, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General.
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998,
ENV 1990-1:2002 and clause 6 of ISO 4306-1:1990 apply.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this European Standard, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
A1 to A4 Load combinations including regular loads
A Characteristic area of a crane member
A Projection of the gross load on a plane normal to the direction of the wind
g
velocity
Area enclosed by the boundary of a lattice work member in the plane of its
A
c
characteristic height d
A Area of an individual crane member projected to the plane of the
j
characteristic height d
b Width of the rail head
h
b Characteristic width of a crane member
B1 to B5 Load combinations including regular and occasional loads
c Spring constant
c , c , c Aerodynamic coefficients
a oy oz
c Aerodynamic coefficient of a member of infinite length
o
C1 to C9 Load combinations including regular, occasional and exceptional loads
CFF, CFM Coupled wheel pairs of system F/F or F/M
d Characteristic dimension of a crane member
Table 1 (continued)
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
d, d Distance between wheel pair i or n and the guide means
i n
e Width of the gap of a rail
G
f Friction coefficient
f Loads
i
f natural frequency
q
f Term used in calculating v(z)
rec
F Force
F, F , F Wind loads
y z
F Buffer force
b
ˆ
Maximum buffer force
F
F F Initial and final drive force
i, f
DF Change of drive force
F , F
x1i x2i
Tangential wheel forces
F , F
y1i y2i
F Guide force
y
F , F Vertical wheel forces
z1i z2i
Abbreviations for Fixed/Fixed and Fixed/Moveable, characterizing the
F/F, F/M
possibility of lateral movements of the crane wheels
g Gravity constant
Distance between instantaneous slide pole and guide means of a skewing
h
crane
h(t) Time-dependent unevenness function
h Height of the step of a rail
s
Lateral wheel forces induced by drive forces acting on a crane or trolley with
H1, H2
asymmetrical mass distribution
HC1 to HC4 Hoisting classes
HD1 to HD5 Classes of the type of hoist drive and its operation method
i Serial number
IFF, IFM Independent wheel pairs of system F/F or F/M
j Serial number
k Serial number
K Drag-coefficient of terrain
K1, K2 Roughness factors
l Span of a crane
l Aerodynamic length of a crane member
a
l Geometric length of a crane member
o
m Mass of the gross or hoist load
H
Table 1 (continued)
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
m Mass of the crane and the hoist load
Released or dropped part of the hoist load
Dm
H
MDC1, MDC2 Mass distribution classes
n Number of wheels at each side of the crane runway
n
Exponent used in calculating g
r
n
n
Exponent used in calculating the shielding factor
...
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