CEN/TR 17112:2017

Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests suitable for components manufactured from composite materials

The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide innovative requirements and test methods applicable to any category of bicycle (city/trekking, MTB, young adult and racing) containing components manufactured, in part or whole, from composite materials. Its aim is to provide technical solutions that reduce the risk of component failure and rider injury during the specified use of such bicycles.
This Technical Report includes requirements and test methods validated by the bicycle industry and test houses for composite assemblies including forks, frames, wheels, saddle rails and seat posts.
This Technical Report makes reference to current "state of the art" standards in the field of bicycles, agreed at CEN level through the publication of EN ISO 4210  series of standards. Therefore, the requirements and tests proposed in this Technical Report are intended to be read and applied in accordance with the appropriate EN ISO 4210 standard.
NOTE   Please note that the tests described in this TR refer in places to paragraph numbers from the applicable EN ISO 4210  series.

Fahrräder - Verbundwerkstoffe für Fahrräder - Spezifische Prüfverfahren für aus Verbundwerkstoffe hergestellte Komponenten

Cycles - Matériaux composites utilisés dans les bicyclettes - Essais spécifiques adaptés aux composants fabriqués à partir de matériaux composites

Kolesa - Kompozitni materiali za kolesa - Posebni preskusi za sestavne dele iz kompozitnih materialov

Namen tega tehničnega poročila je opredelitev inovativnih zahtev in preskusnih metod, ki se uporabljajo za katero koli kategorijo koles (mestna/treking kolesa, gorska kolesa, kolesa za mladino in tekmovalna kolesa) s sestavnimi deli, ki so delno ali v celoti izdelani iz kompozitnih materialov. Cilj je podati tehnične rešitve, ki zmanjšujejo nevarnost okvar sestavnih delov in telesnih poškodb kolesarjev pri določeni uporabi takšnih koles.
To tehnično poročilo vključuje zahteve in preskusne metode, overjene v panogi koles in preskusnih ustanovah za kompozitne sestavne dele, vključno z vilicami, okvirji, kolesi ter sedežnimi nastavki in drogovi.
To tehnično poročilo se sklicuje na trenutne standarde za »stanje tehnike« na področju koles, sprejete na ravni CEN v okviru objave skupine standardov EN ISO 4210. Zahteve in preskusi, ki jih podaja to tehnično poročilo, so namenjeni za branje in uporabo v skladu z ustreznim standardom EN ISO 4210.
OPOMBA:Preskusi, opisani v tem tehničnem poročilu, se na nekaterih mestih sklicujejo na številke odstavkov ustrezne skupine standardov EN ISO 4210.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Jul-2017
• ICS: 43.150 - Cycles
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 333 - Cycles
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 333/WG 8 - Composite material used in bicycles
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 12-Jul-2017
• Due Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Completion Date: 12-Jul-2017
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 17112:2017 - Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests suitable for components manufactured from composite materials

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 17112:2017
01-september-2017
Kolesa - Kompozitni materiali za kolesa - Posebni preskusi za sestavne dele iz
kompozitnih materialov

Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests suitable for components

manufactured from composite materials
Fahrräder - Verbundwerkstoffe für Fahrräder - Spezifische Prüfverfahren für aus
Verbundwerkstoffe hergestellte Komponenten
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17112:2017
ICS:
43.150 Kolesa Cycles
SIST-TP CEN/TR 17112:2017 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 17112:2017
CEN/TR 17112
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
July 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 43.150
English Version
Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests
suitable for components manufactured from composite
materials

Cycles - Matériaux composites utilisés dans les Fahrräder - Verbundwerkstoffe für Fahrräder -

bicyclettes - Essais spécifiques adaptés aux Spezifische Prüfverfahren für aus Verbundwerkstoffe

composants fabriqués à partir de matériaux hergestellte Komponenten
composites

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 June 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 333.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17112:2017 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Steerer tube fatigue test ............................................................................................................................... 4

3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

3.2 Background ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

3.3 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.4 Test methods - Addition................................................................................................................................ 5

4 Heat resistance testing for composite wheels ...................................................................................... 6

4.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.3 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................... 7

5 Composite saddle rail test ......................................................................................................................... 10

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

5.2 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 10

5.3 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................ 10

5.4 Test methods ................................................................................................................................................. 11

6 Composite seat post fatigue testing ....................................................................................................... 12

6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

6.2 Background .................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.3 Test methods ................................................................................................................................................. 12

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European foreword

This document (CEN/TR 17112:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333

“Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

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1 Scope

The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide innovative requirements and test methods applicable

to any category of bicycle (city/trekking, MTB, young adult and racing) containing components

manufactured, in part or whole, from composite materials. Its aim is to provide technical solutions that

reduce the risk of component failure and rider injury during the specified use of such bicycles.

This Technical Report includes requirements and test methods validated by the bicycle industry and

test houses for composite assemblies including forks, frames, wheels, saddle rails and seat posts.

This Technical Report makes reference to current “state of the art” standards in the field of bicycles,

agreed at CEN level through the publication of EN ISO 4210- series of standards. Therefore, the

requirements and tests proposed in this Technical Report are intended to be read and applied in

accordance with the appropriate EN ISO 4210 standard.

NOTE Please note that the tests described in this TR refer in places to paragraph numbers from the

applicable EN ISO 4210- series.
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN ISO 4210-2:2015, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking,

young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2015)

EN ISO 4210-3:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 3: Common test methods (ISO 4210-

3:2014)

EN ISO 4210-4:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO 4210-

4:2014)

EN ISO 4210-5:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 5: Steering test methods (ISO 4210-

5:2014, Corrected version 2015-02-01)

EN ISO 4210-6:2015, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 6: Frame and fork test methods (ISO

4210-6:2015)

EN ISO 4210-7:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheels and rims test methods (ISO

4210-7:2014)

EN ISO 4210-9:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 9: Saddles and seat-post test methods

(ISO 4210-9:2014)
3 Steerer tube fatigue test
3.1 General
To apply this test, EN ISO 4210-2:2015 and EN ISO 4210-6:2015 shall be used.
3.2 Background

The proposal for a fork steerer tube fatigue test was developed due to several professional and

numerous consumer accidents that involved the fatigue failure of composite material steerer tubes. The

cycle industry has developed a test to confirm stem and steerer tube compatibility as an assembly. Note

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that the combination of specified handlebar stems and composite fork steerers can have an effect on the

integrity of the product. This test has now been utilized for more than 8 years by some manufacturers

as part of their internal validation testing.
3.3 Requirements

When tested by the method described in 5.8.2.1, there shall be no fractures or visible cracks in any part

of the fork. This shall be confirmed by removing the steering assembly and inspecting the fork steerer.

The running displacements (peak-to-peak value) at the points where the test forces are applied shall

not increase by more than 20 % of the initial values for a composite fork.
3.4 Test methods - Addition
EN ISO 4210-6:2015, 5.8 Fork Steerer Tube and Stem Assembly - Fatigue Test
5.8.1 General

A bicycle fork shall be subjected to in-phase fatigue loading via a stem or a handlebar stem assembly

attached at the steerer tube in the direction parallel to the fork steerer tube. The test shall be used to

qualify the fork system, including the specified stem, expander nut, and headset assembly (top-cap,

bearings, etc.). The headset spacers shall be removed and the stem shall contact the top cap of the

headset. The stem fasteners shall be torqued to the manufacturers recommended maximum

specification. If the intended stem type is known, the maximum specified length shall be used for this

test.
5.8.2 Fork Steerer Tube Fatigue Test
5.8.2.1 Fork Steerer Tube Fatigue Test Method

The loading conditions are the same as EN ISO 4210-5:2014, 4.9.2.2 handlebar fatigue In-Phase

procedure (phase 2). If a handlebar and stem assembly is used for testing, 400 N (F) shall be applied

fully reversed to each end of the ball joint attachment. The maximum test frequency shall be

maintained as specified in EN ISO 4210-3:2014, 4.5. In the case where the specified stem is known but

not the handlebar, a dummy load arm shall be used and adjusted for length based on the manufacturer's

specifications (minimum value of 110 mm - X). A load of 800 N (F) shall be applied fully reversed to the

dummy clamp (see Figure 1). For composite fork steerer tubes, the running displacements (peak-to-

peak value) at the points where the test forces are applied shall not increase by more than 20 % of the

initial values. Stop the test after 20 000 cycles, remove the stem assembly and inspect the fork assembly

for cracks or fractures.
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Key
X length
F applied load
Figure 1 — Dummy clamp
4 Heat resistance testing for composite wheels
4.1 Background

There has been some concern in the development of composite wheels (tubular or clincher rims) that

excessive heat generated during extreme braking (long decents or turning during decents) can cause

material damage that may lead to structural damage of the rim. The resin’s TG (glass transition

temperature) plays a large part in this, but also the braking force and brake pad compound factor in.

Impact after heat damage can also cause structural damage to wheel components. We feel that a review

and test requirement/proposal is a good direction forward to establishing a safety standard that can be

incorporated into an EN and/or ISO standard.
4.2 Requirements
EN ISO 4210-2:2015, 4.6.9 Brakes – Heat resistance test:
4.6.9.1 General

This test applies to all disc and hub brakes, but it applies to rim brakes where the brake pads are known

or suspected to be manufactured from or include thermoplastic materials. This test applies also to rim

brakes where the rim brake sidewalls are known or suspected to be manufactured from or include

composite materials.

Each brake on the bicycle shall be tested individually, but where the front and rear brakes are identical,

only one brake needs to be tested. If rims are identical (spoke count, material, design), only one wheel

needs to be tested.
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4.6.9.2 Requirement for disc brakes, hub brakes and rim brakes and pads (alloy or steel rim, composite

rims are excluded from this section)

Throughout the test described in EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.7, the brake lever shall not touch the handlebar

grip, the operating force shall not exceed 180 N, and the braking force shall not deviate outside the

range 60 N to 115 N.

Immediately after having been subjected to the test described in EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.7, the brakes

shall achieve at least 60 % of the braking performance which was recorded at the highest operating

force used during the performance tests EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.6.5.7 c) items 1) and 2).

4.6.9.3 Requirement for rim brakes and pads used with composite rims - Addition

A new wheel with new brake pads (recommended by the wheel/rim manufacturer) and a new tyre

(tubular tyre, tyre w/inner tube or tubeless tyre) shall be subjected to two consecutive

...