Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Examination and tests - Part 58: Landing doors fire resistance test

This document specifies the fire resistance requirements for lift landing doors which are intended to provide a barrier to the spread of fire from the landing side and via the lift well in buildings during a defined period of time. The fire resistance requirements are expressed in terms of integrity (E), insulation (EI) and radiation (EW).
It is applicable to lift landing doors installed in the lift well openings at landings and used as means of access to lift car.
It also specifies the method of testing and classification of fire resistance of lift landing doors. The test method is only valid for furnaces where the door is mounted in a vertical position. The test method specifies the measurement of integrity and if required the measurement of radiation and thermal insulation.
This document does not cover other technical requirements in addition to fire resistance requirements.
This document refers to CO2 as means of tracing the propagation of fire. The document does not cover hazards due to emission of gases.
This document is not applicable to lifts which are installed before the date of its publication.

Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und den Einbau von Aufzügen - Überprüfung und Prüfverfahren - Teil 58: Prüfung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von Fahrschachttüren

Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen an die Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von Fahrschachttüren fest, die für eine definierte Zeitspanne eine Barriere gegen die Ausbreitung von Feuer von der Fahrschachtseite und über den Fahrschacht in Gebäuden bilden sollen. Die Anforderungen an die Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit werden mit den Begriffen Raumabschluss (E), Wärmedämmung (EI) und Strahlung (EW) ausgedrückt.
Es gilt für Fahrschachttüren, die in den Schachtöffnungen der Haltestellen eingebaut sind und als Zugang zur Aufzugskabine dienen.
In diesem Dokument wird außerdem das Verfahren zur Prüfung und Klassifizierung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von Fahrschachttüren festgelegt. Das Prüfverfahren gilt nur für Prüföfen, in denen die Tür vertikal angeordnet ist. Das Prüfverfahren legt die Messung des Raumabschlusses und, falls erforderlich, die Messung von Strahlung und Wärmedämmung fest.
Dieses Dokument umfasst die Gefahr der Brandausbreitung auf den Fahrschacht während eines definierten Zeitraumes.
Dieses Dokument umfasst keine weiteren technischen Anforderungen über die Anforderungen an die Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit hinaus.
Dieses Dokument verweist auf CO2 als Mittel zur Verfolgung der Brandausbreitung. Das Dokument umfasst nicht die Gefahren, die durch die Emission von Gasen entstehen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Aufzüge, die vor seiner Veröffentlichung installiert wurden.

Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Examens et essais - Partie 58 : Essai de résistance au feu des portes palières

Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives aux portes palières d’ascenseur destinées à constituer une barrière contre la propagation d’un feu depuis le côté palier et via la gaine d’ascenseur dans les bâtiments pendant une période définie. Les exigences relatives à la résistance au feu sont exprimées en termes d’étanchéité (E), d’isolation (EI) et de rayonnement (EW).
Il s’applique aux portes palières d’ascenseurs installées dans l’ouverture de la gaine d’ascenseur sur un palier et utilisées comme moyen d’accéder à la cabine.
Il spécifie également la méthode d’essai et le classement de la résistance au feu des portes palières d’ascenseur. Cette méthode d’essai n’est valable que pour les fours dans lesquels la porte est installée à la verticale. La méthode d’essai spécifie le mesurage de l’étanchéité et, si nécessaire, le rayonnement et l’isolation thermique.
Le présent document ne traite pas d’autres exigences techniques en plus de celles relatives à la résistance au feu.
Le présent document fait référence au CO2 en tant que moyen de tracer la propagation du feu. Le présent document ne traite pas des risques liés aux émissions de gaz.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux ascenseurs installés avant sa date de publication.

Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Pregled in preskusi - 58. del: Preskus odpornosti vrat proti požaru

General Information

Status
Not Published
Current Stage
5060 - Closure of Vote - Formal Approval
Due Date
19-Mar-2022
Completion Date
19-Mar-2022

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 81-58:2020
01-december-2020

Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Pregled in preskusi -

58. del: Preskus odpornosti vrat proti požaru

Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Examination and tests - Part 58:

Landing doors fire resistance test

Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und den Einbau von Aufzügen - Überprüfung und

Prüfverfahren - Teil 58: Prüfung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von Fahrschachttüren

Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Examens et

essais - Partie 58 : Essai de résistance au feu des portes palières
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 81-58
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.140.90 Dvigala. Tekoče stopnice Lifts. Escalators
oSIST prEN 81-58:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 81-58:2020
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oSIST prEN 81-58:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 81-58
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2020
ICS 13.220.20; 91.140.90 Will supersede EN 81-58:2018
English Version
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts -
Examination and tests - Part 58: Landing doors fire
resistance test

Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und den Einbau

des élévateurs - Examens et essais - Partie 58 : Essai de von Aufzügen - Überprüfung und Prüfverfahren - Teil

résistance au feu des portes palières 58: Prüfung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von

Fahrschachttüren

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 10.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 81-58:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 81-58:2020
prEN 81-58:2020 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................................. 5

3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................................................ 5

4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures ........................................................ 6

4.1 Criteria of performance ......................................................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Integrity (E) ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.3 Thermal insulation (I) ............................................................................................................................................ 7

4.4 Radiation (W) ............................................................................................................................................................ 7

5 Fire resistance classification ................................................................................................................................ 7

5.1 Fire resistance classification periods ............................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Designatory letters .................................................................................................................................................. 7

5.3 Combinations of criteria ........................................................................................................................................ 7

5.4 Fire resistance classes ............................................................................................................................................ 8

6 Verification ................................................................................................................................................................. 8

6.1 Test principle ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

6.2 Test equipment ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.3 Test conditions .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.4 Test specimen ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

6.5 Supporting construction ........................................................................................................................................ 9

6.6 Conditioning ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.7 Pre-test examination ........................................................................................................................................... 10

6.8 Test instrumentation ........................................................................................................................................... 15

6.9 Test method ............................................................................................................................................................ 17

6.10 Test termination .................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.11 Assessment of performance .............................................................................................................................. 18

6.12 Direct field of application ................................................................................................................................... 18

6.13 Test report ............................................................................................................................................................... 18

Annex A (normative) Description of the canopy and measuring system ....................................................... 20

Annex B (normative) Standard supporting construction .................................................................................... 23

Annex C (normative) Verification method for leakage rate measurement ................................................... 24

Annex D (normative) Calculation of leakage rate ................................................................................................... 25

Annex E (informative) Extrapolation rule for the leakage rate for higher doors ...................................... 28

Annex F (informative) Product fire performance report (assessment) ......................................................... 29

Annex G (normative) Data label .................................................................................................................................... 31

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential

requirements of Directive 2014/33/EU aimed to be covered .............................................................. 32

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................................................... 33

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oSIST prEN 81-58:2020
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European foreword

This document (prEN 81-58:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators

and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

This document will supersede EN 81-58:2018.

In comparison with the previous edition, the following significant changes have been made:

— The structure of the standard has been reorganized;
— All externally referenced standards have now been dated;

— A new Annex ZA has been developed in order to be aligned with the requirements of the EU Commission

Standardization Request “M/549 C(2016) 5884 final”.
No technical changes have been made during this revision.

The content of this document provides the requirements, a method of testing and classification of fire

resistance for lift landing doors which can be exposed to a fire from the landing side.

This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the EN 81-20:2020, which gives the basic

requirements for passenger and goods passenger lifts.

This document is part of the EN 81 series of standards. The structure of the EN 81 series of standards is

described in CEN/TR 81-10:2008.
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Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.

The lifts concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered

are indicated in the Scope of this document.

When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B

standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other

standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C

standard.

EN 81 series has identified the need for lift doors to act as fire barriers against the transfer of a fire via the

lift well. This document specifies a requirements for this purpose. It follows the general principle of

EN 1363-1:2020 and where appropriate the procedure of EN 1634-1:2014+A1:2018. Additionally, a tracer

gas technique for establishing the integrity of a lift landing door is used.
NOTE Lift landing doors are not included in the scope of EN 1634-1:2014+A1:2018.
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1 Scope

This document specifies the fire resistance requirements for lift landing doors which can be exposed to a fire

from the landing side. This document applies to all types of lift landing doors used as a means of access to

lifts in buildings and which are intended to provide a fire barrier to the spread of fire via the lift well.

It also specifies the method of testing and classification of fire resistance of lift landing doors. The test

method is only valid for furnaces where the door is mounted in a vertical position. The test method allows

for the measurement of integrity and if required the measurement of radiation and thermal insulation.

This document covers the hazard of fire spreading to the lift well during a defined period of time. The fire

resistance requirements are expressed in terms of integrity (E), insulation (EI) and radiation (EW).

This document do not cover other technical requirements in addition to fire resistance requirements. The

other technical requirements are specified in relevant product standards referring to this document.

This document refers to CO as means of tracing the propagation of fire. The document does not cover

hazards due to emission of gasses.

This document is not applicable to lift landing doors installed in lifts before the date of its publication.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes

requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 81-20:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Lifts for the transport of persons and

goods - Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts
EN 1363-1:2020, Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements

EN 1363-2:1999, Fire resistance tests - Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures

EN 1634-1:2014+A1:2018, Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter assemblies, openable

windows and elements of building hardware - Part 1: Fire resistance test for door and shutter assemblies and

openable windows

EN ISO 5167-1:2003, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular

cross-section conduits running full - Part 1: General principles and requirements (ISO 5167-1:2003)

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction

(ISO 12100:2010)

ISO 9705-1:2016, Reaction to fire tests - Room corner test for wall and ceiling lining products - Part 1: Test

method for a small room configuration
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and

EN 1363-1:2020 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
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3.1
lift landing door

door designed to be installed in the lift well opening at a landing to provide access to the lift

3.2
thermally uninsulated lift landing door

lift landing door which is not intended to satisfy the selected insulation criteria

3.3
thermally insulated lift landing door
lift landing door which is intended to satisfy the selected insulation criteria
3.4
door opening

width of the clear opening allowing free passage through the open lift landing door

3.5
door assembly

complete assembly, including any frame or guide, door panel or panels, which is provided for access to and

from the lift and the landing

Note 1 to entry: It includes all panels, hardware, sealing materials and any operating components.

3.6
supporting construction

construction provided in the opening of the test frame or the furnace front in order to accommodate the test

specimen
3.7
leakage rate

total flow rate of hot gases passing through openings and gaps of the door assembly, due to overpressure on

the landing side
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
4.1 Criteria of performance

Lift landing doors shall comply with the safety requirements of this clause. In addition, the lift landing doors

shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards

which are not dealt with by this document.

The main criteria of integrity performance of lift landing doors is the ability to remain in place as a fire

barrier, ability to control the leakage of hot gases from the landing side to the lift well (E) and to satisfy any

additional criteria for insulation (I) and radiation (W) which can be specified.

Lift landing door shall withstand fire exposure from the landing side and prevent the entry of a fire into the

lift well during a defined period of time.

The fire resistance performance of the lift landing door shall be expressed in minutes, according to 4.2, 4.3

and 4.4, with one or more of the following criteria:
— Integrity (E) : xx minutes;
— Insulation (I) : yy minutes;
— Radiation (W) : zz minutes.
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4.2 Integrity (E)

The main requirement for lift door fire resistance is the integrity. The criteria is following:

— no sustained flaming in well side for more than 10 s at any time;

— the leakage rate per meter width of the door opening does not exceed 3,0 m /(min·m) after 14 minutes

fire.
4.3 Thermal insulation (I)

The average surface temperature rise of the lift door shall not exceed 140 K during a defined period of time.

For door panel, over panel and side panel with a width ≥ 300 mm, the maximum temperature rise on shall

not exceed 180 K during a defined period of time.

For side panel width and/or over panel height of greater than 100 mm, but less than 300 mm, then the

maximum temperature rise of these members shall not exceed 360 K during a defined period of time.

4.4 Radiation (W)

The radiation shall not exceed the value of 15,0 kW/m during a defined period of time, measured as

specified in EN 1363-2:1999.
5 Fire resistance classification
5.1 Fire resistance classification periods

The fire resistance class is expressed as a combination of criteria's given in 4.1 and 5.3 and period of time in

minutes. Period of time shall be rounded down to the nearest fire classification period hereafter: 15 min,

20 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min or 120 min. See Table 1.
5.2 Designatory letters

The following designatory letters shall be used for the fire classification of lift landing doors:

— E for integrity;
— I for insulation;
— W for radiation.
5.3 Combinations of criteria
The fire resistance classes shall be expressed as follows:

— E tt : tt being the fire classification period during which the criterion integrity is satisfied;

— EI tt : tt being the fire classification period during which the criteria integrity and

insulation are satisfied;

— EW tt : tt being the fire classification period during which the criteria integrity and radiation

are satisfied.

When criteria's are combined, the time declared shall be that of the criterion having the shortest time.

EXAMPLE A lift landing door with E: 47 min., W: 25 min. and I: 18 min. is classified E 45 and/or EW 20 and/or

EI 15.
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5.4 Fire resistance classes
Only the fire resistance classes given in Table 1 shall be used.
Table 1 — Fire resistance classes
E 15 20 30 45 60 90 120
EI 15 20 30 45 60 90 120
EW 20 30 60

The fire resistance class of the lift landing door shall be indicated in a data label according to Annex G.

6 Verification
6.1 Test principle

The test consists in exposing the landing side of a lift landing door to the heating conditions specified in

EN 1363-1:2020 for the period for which the door shall be assessed for its fire resistance. During the test,

positive pressure exists over the whole height of the door on the exposed side, inducing the leakage of

furnace gases to the unheated side. A canopy is provided on the unexposed side which collects the leaked

gases and a suction fan draws these through a duct provided with a system for measuring the volume flow

(see Annex A). The concentration of CO , used as a tracer gas, is measured in the furnace and at the airflow

measuring point, and by monitoring the gas flow rate and its temperature it is possible to calculate the

leakage rate of hot gases through the test door. The method gives a record of the hot gas leakage as a

function of time which is corrected for normal conditions. This provides a basis for assessing the ability of

the door to act as an effective fire barrier.

NOTE 1 ISO 3008-2 has the same test principle as EN 81-58 based on CO2 measurement.

NOTE 2 EN 1634-1:2014+A1:2018 contains a procedure for the determination of fire resistance of doors which may

be exposed to a fire in a building from either side and are required to prevent the transfer of fire from one side to the

other. Lift landing doors represent a special use of doors where the fire exposure is expected to be from a specified

direction, i.e. the landing side, and where the hazard exists only subsequent to the entry of a fire into the lift well.

6.2 Test equipment
6.2.1 The test furnace shall be as described in EN 1363-1:2020.
6.2.2 The canopy shall be as specified in Annex A.
6.2.3 The measuring system for leakage rate shall be as specified in Annex A.
6.3 Test conditions

6.3.1 The furnace shall be controlled to follow the temperature/time curve as specified in

EN 1363-1:2020.

6.3.2 The furnace shall maintain positive pressure on the exposed side over the whole height of the

specimen such that the pressure at the sill level is in the range of (2 + 8,5 × H ) ± 2 Pa where H is the

sill sill

vertical distance (in metres) between the sill level and the intended floor level.

In some applications such as service lifts or dumbwaiters, the sill level may be different than the intended

floor level.
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6.4 Test specimen
6.4.1 Construction

The test specimen shall be fully representative of the door assembly on which information is required.

6.4.2 Number of specimens

As information is required when the door is exposed to heating from the landing side only, one specimen is

tested. A second specimen may be required according to 6.7.2 to verify the door construction.

6.4.3 Size of specimen

The specimen shall be full size or the maximum size that can be accommodated in the furnace. The size of the

front opening of the furnace is 3 m × 3 m. In order to expose a required minimum width of 200 mm of

supporting construction for a 3 m × 3 m furnace, the opening in the supporting construction is restricted to

2,6 m × 2,8 m (width × height).
6.4.4 Installation of specimen

The specimen shall be mounted in a supporting construction having at least the fire resistance of the target

classification. The supporting construction shall be built first within the test frame leaving an aperture of the

specified size. The width of the supporting construction on the two vertical sides and the top shall be not less

than 200 mm.

The design of the connection between the door and the supporting construction, including any materials

used to make the junction, shall be as stated in instructions for use on the type of the supporting

construction. The position of the door assembly in relation to the supporting construction shall be as stated

in instructions for use.

The clearances at the beginning of test shall correspond to the maximum that is permissible by

EN 81-20:2020 when the lift landing doors are put into service, unless designed for another maximum gap

size, which shall then apply.
6.5 Supporting construction

In view of the field of direct application of test results, the lift landing doors shall be erected in the standard

supporting construction as described in Annex B.

NOTE In special cases, the supporting construction may be of a type with which the door is intended to be used in

practice. In such cases, the field of application of the test results is restricted to that construction.

6.6 Conditioning

6.6.1 The test specimen, as well as the supporting construction and any sealing materials used, shall be

conditioned in accordance with the requirements of EN 1363-1:2020 and EN 1634-1:2014+A1:2018. No

special conditioning procedures are required where the specimen is constructed primarily from non-

hygroscopic materials. Full conditioning of the supporting construction may not be required, if there will be

no effect on the behaviour of the specimen or the fixing system.

6.6.2 Samples of materials used in the test door shall be provided to determine moisture content when

necessary.
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6.7 Pre-test examination
6.7.1 General

Before the test, it shall be verified that the constructional details and clearance gap measurements and depth

of penetration conform to the production and assembly drawings for the door system. It shall also be

verified that the test specimen is representative of the product in practice.
6.7.2 Constructional details

A full detailed specification of the test specimen shall be provided. This specification shall be to a level of

detail sufficient to allow a detailed examination of the specimen before the test and to agree the accuracy of

the information supplied. The verification of the test specimen shall be carried out in accordance with the

guidance given in EN 1363-1:2020, 6.5.
6.7.3 Clearance gap measurements and depth of penetration

The clearances between the moving components and the fixed parts of the door assembly shall be measured

prior to the test. Sufficient measurements shall be made to adequately describe the nature of the gaps and

there shall be a minimum of three measurements along each side or edge. The gap sizes shall be described to

an accuracy of ± 0,5 mm. Figure 1 to Figure 4 shows examples of different types of lift landing doors and

indicate the gaps (g) which need to be recorded.
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Key
g gap measurement location H clear height
d deformation measurement location W clear width

Figure 1 — Clearance gaps (g) and deformation measurements (d) – Single panel swing door

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Key
g gap measurement location H clear height
d deformation measurement location W clear width

Figure 2 — Clearance gaps (g) and deformation measurements (d) – Double panel telescopic door

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oSIST prEN 81-58:2020
prEN 81-58:2020 (E)
Key
g gap measurement location H clear height
d deformation measurement location W clear width

Figure 3 — Clearance gaps (g) and deformation measurements (d) – Central opening door

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Key
g gap measurement location H clear height
d deformation measurement location W clear width

Figure 4 — Clearance gaps (g) and deformation measurements (d) – Multi-panel sliding door

6.7.4 Functionality test

Prior to the test, the door shall be checked for functionality by opening and closing to the maximum possible,

with a minimum opening of width 150 mm.
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6.8 Test instrumentation
6.8.1 Furnace thermocouples

The nature, number and the location of furnace thermocouples shall be in agreement with the specification

given in EN 1634-1:2014+A1:2018 for tests on doors.
6.8.2 Furnace CO concentration

There shall be provision for continuous monitoring of CO concentration in the furnace during the test. The

instrument shall have a range of 0 % to 20 % CO concentration and the calibration shall be established prior

to the test by using a sample of known concentration. The accuracy of measurement for CO2, i.e. the

instruments and the measurement system shall be within ± 0,2 % CO .
6.8.3 Gas flow measuring system instrumentation

One or more thermocouples shall be provided close to the gas flow measuring system, within a distance of

100 mm, to measure the temperature of the exhaust gases drawn from the canopy.

Gas sample shall be drawn from the vicinity of the measuring system to monitor continuously the CO2

...

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