EN 13136:2013
(Main)Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Pressure relief devices and their associated piping - Methods for calculation
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Pressure relief devices and their associated piping - Methods for calculation
1.1 This European Standard describes the calculation of mass flow for sizing pressure relief devices for components of refrigerating systems.
NOTE The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps.
1.2 This European Standard describes the calculation of discharge capacities for pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices in refrigerating systems including the necessary data for sizing these when relieving to atmosphere or to components within the system at lower pressure.
1.3 This European Standard specifies the requirements for selection of pressure relief devices to prevent excessive pressure due to internal and external heat sources, the sources of increasing pressure (e.g. compressor, heaters, etc.) and thermal expansion of trapped liquid.
1.4 This European Standard describes the calculation of the pressure loss in the upstream and downstream line of pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices and includes the necessary data.
1.5 This European Standard refers to other relevant standards in Clause 5.
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Druckentlastungseinrichtungen und zugehörige Leitungen - Berechnungsverfahren
1.1 Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die Berechnung der Massenströme zur Größenbestimmung von Druckentlastungseinrichtungen für Teile von Kälteanlagen.
ANMERKUNG Der in dieser Europäischen Norm verwendete Begriff „Kälteanlage“ schließt Wärmepumpen mit ein.
1.2 Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die Berechnung der Abblaseleistungen von Druckentlastungsventilen und anderen Druckentlastungseinrichtungen in Kälteanlagen einschließlich der hierzu erforderlichen Daten zur Größenbestimmung dieser Einrichtungen, wenn sie ins Freie oder in Bauteile der Kälteanlage mit niedrigerem Druck abblasen.
1.3 Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an die Auswahl von Druckentlastungseinrichtungen zur Vermeidung von unzulässigen Drücken, hervorgerufen durch innere und äußere Wärmequellen, Druckerzeuger (z. B. Verdichter, Erhitzer, usw.) und die Wärmeausdehnung eingesperrter Flüssigkeit fest.
1.4 Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt die Berechnung des Druckabfalls in den zu- und abführenden Leitungen von Druckentlastungsventilen und anderen Druckentlastungseinrichtungen einschließlich der erforderlichen Daten.
1.5 Diese Europäische Norm verweist in Abschnitt 5 auf weitere einschlägige Normen.
Systèmes frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur - Dispositifs de limitation de pression et tuyauteries associées - Méthodes de calcul
1.1 La présente Norme européenne décrit le calcul du débit-masse pour le dimensionnement des dispositifs de limitation de pression pour les composants des systèmes frigorifiques.
NOTE Le terme « système frigorifique » utilisé dans la présente Norme européenne inclut les pompes à chaleur.
1.2 La présente Norme européenne décrit le calcul des capacités de décharge des soupapes de sûreté et autres dispositifs de limitation de pression des systèmes frigorifique, y compris les données nécessaires à leur dimensionnement lors de leur décharge dans l’atmosphère ou dans les composants du système à basse pression.
1.3 La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la sélection des dispositifs de limitation de pression pour éviter une pression excessive due aux sources de chaleur internes et externes, aux autres sources de génération de pression (par exemple compresseurs, chauffages, etc.) et à la dilatation du fluide piégé.
1.4 La présente Norme européenne décrit le calcul de la perte de charge dans la tubulure en amont et en aval des soupapes de sûreté et autres dispositifs de limitation de pression, et inclut les données nécessaires.
1.5 La présente Norme européenne renvoie à d’autres normes pertinentes à l’Article 5.
Hladilni sistemi in toplotne črpalke - Tlačne varnostne naprave in njihove napeljave - Metode za izračun
General Information
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13136:2013 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Pressure relief devices and their associated piping - Methods for calculation". This standard covers: 1.1 This European Standard describes the calculation of mass flow for sizing pressure relief devices for components of refrigerating systems. NOTE The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. 1.2 This European Standard describes the calculation of discharge capacities for pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices in refrigerating systems including the necessary data for sizing these when relieving to atmosphere or to components within the system at lower pressure. 1.3 This European Standard specifies the requirements for selection of pressure relief devices to prevent excessive pressure due to internal and external heat sources, the sources of increasing pressure (e.g. compressor, heaters, etc.) and thermal expansion of trapped liquid. 1.4 This European Standard describes the calculation of the pressure loss in the upstream and downstream line of pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices and includes the necessary data. 1.5 This European Standard refers to other relevant standards in Clause 5.
1.1 This European Standard describes the calculation of mass flow for sizing pressure relief devices for components of refrigerating systems. NOTE The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. 1.2 This European Standard describes the calculation of discharge capacities for pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices in refrigerating systems including the necessary data for sizing these when relieving to atmosphere or to components within the system at lower pressure. 1.3 This European Standard specifies the requirements for selection of pressure relief devices to prevent excessive pressure due to internal and external heat sources, the sources of increasing pressure (e.g. compressor, heaters, etc.) and thermal expansion of trapped liquid. 1.4 This European Standard describes the calculation of the pressure loss in the upstream and downstream line of pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices and includes the necessary data. 1.5 This European Standard refers to other relevant standards in Clause 5.
EN 13136:2013 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 27.080 - Heat pumps; 27.200 - Refrigerating technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13136:2013 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 13136:2001, EN 13136:2001/A1:2005, EN 13136:2013+A1:2018, EN 13136:2013/prA1:2017. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 13136:2013 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/68/EU, 97/23/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/071. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Druckentlastungseinrichtungen und zugehörige Leitungen - BerechnungsverfahrenSystèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Dispositifs limiteurs de pression et tuyauteries associées - Méthodes de calculRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Pressure relief devices and their associated piping - Methods for calculation27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumpsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13136:2013SIST EN 13136:2014en01-februar-2014SIST EN 13136:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13136:2002/A1:2005SIST EN 13136:20021DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13136
October 2013 ICS 27.080; 27.200 Supersedes EN 13136:2001English Version
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Pressure relief devices and their associated piping - Methods for calculation
Systèmes frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur - Dispositifs de limitation de pression et tuyauteries associées - Méthodes de calcul
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Druckentlastungseinrichtungen und zugehörige Leitungen -Berechnungsverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 August 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13136:2013: ESIST EN 13136:2014
Values of functions, factors and properties of refrigerants . 17 Annex B (informative)
Calculation of flow areas for non-evaporating and evaporating liquids . 24 B.1 Calculation of the flow area for non-evaporating liquids . 24 B.2 Calculation of the flow area for evaporating liquids . 24 Annex C (informative)
Example of calculation for sizing pressure relief devices with the corresponding pipes . 26 C.1 Assumptions for the calculation example. 27 C.2 Calculation of the required minimum discharge capacity, Qmd
at standard heat flow rate . 27 C.3 Calculation of the required minimum discharge capacity Qmd at reduced heat flow rate . 28 C.4 Calculation of flow area Ac, selection of pressure relief valve . 28 C.5 Pressure loss in upstream line (from vessel to pressure relief valve). 29 C.6 Pressure loss in downstream line (from pressure relief valve to atmosphere) . 30 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives . 32 Bibliography. 33
Introduction This European Standard is based on applicable parts of EN ISO 4126-1:2013, EN ISO 4126-2:2003 and EN 12284. It is suited to the specific requirements, and includes the data, of refrigerating systems. It provides means of satisfying the pressure relief devices requirements of EN 378-2:2008+A2:2012. SIST EN 13136:2014
1.4 This European Standard describes the calculation of the pressure loss in the upstream and downstream line of pressure relief valves and other pressure relief devices and includes the necessary data. 1.5 This European Standard refers to other relevant standards in Clause 5. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements — Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria EN 378-2:2008+A2:2012, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements — Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation EN 764-1:2004, Pressure equipment — Part 1: Terminology — Pressure, temperature, volume, nominal size EN 764-2:2012, Pressure equipment — Part 2: Quantities, symbols and units EN 12284:2003, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Valves — Requirements, testing and marking EN ISO 4126-1:2013, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 1: Safety valves (ISO 4126-1:2013) EN ISO 4126-2:2003, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 2: Bursting disc safety devices (ISO 4126-2:2003) ISO 817, Refrigerants — Designation system 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012, EN 12284:2003, EN ISO 4126-1:2013, EN ISO 4126-2:2003 and EN 764-1:2004 apply. SIST EN 13136:2014
– DN Nominal size (see EN ISO 6708:1995) – d Actual most narrow flow diameter of the pressure relief valve mm dc Calculated flow diameter of the pressure relief valve mm din Inside diameter of inlet tube mm dout Inside diameter of outlet tube mm DR Outside diameter of tube (Table A.4)
mm dR Inside diameter of tube mm hvap Heat of vaporisation calculated at 1,1 times the set pressure of the pressure relief device (for super critical or superheated conditions see 6.1)
kJ/kg Kb Theoretical capacity correction factor for sub-critical flow (Table A.3) – Kd Certified coefficient of discharge taking into account the backpressure ratio pb/po and the possible reduced stroke of the pressure relief valve – Kdr De-rated coefficient of discharge [ζ9,0×=ddrKK – Kdrl De-rated coefficient of discharge for liquid [ζ8,0×≈drdrlKK – Kvs Valve constant (the rate of water flow for a differential pressure ûp of 1 bar at the rated full opening) m3/h Kv Viscosity correction factor – SIST EN 13136:2014
K Isentropic exponent of the refrigerant; for calculation, the value of K shall be as measured at 25 °C and 1,013 bar – L Length of tube mm Lin Length of inlet tube mm Lout Length of outlet tube mm n Rotational frequency min- 1 patm Atmospheric pressure (1 bar) bar pb Back pressure at outlet of pressure relief device, absolute
bar pc Critical absolute pressure bar po Actual relieving pressure po = 1,1 pset + patm bar ps Maximum allowable pressure of a component, gaugea bar pset Set pressure, gauge (the pre-determined pressure at which a pressure relief valve under operation starts to open) bar P1 Pressure at the inlet to downstream line absolute (in practice = pb) bar P2 Pressure at the outlet of downstream line absolute bar ûp Differential pressure bar ûpin Pressure loss in the upstream line of pressure relief valve bar ûpout Pressure loss in the downstream line of pressure relief valve bar Qh Rate of heat production, internal heat source kW Qliq Flow of liquid after expansion kg/h Qm Calculated refrigerant mass flow rate of the pressure relief device kg/h qm Theoretical discharge capacity kg/h ⋅ mm2 q’m Actual discharge capacity determined by tests kg/h ⋅ mm2 Qmd Minimum required discharge capacity, of refrigerant, of the pressure relief device kg/h Qmd’ Adjusted discharge capacity of refrigerant, of the pressure relief device, used for pressure drop calculation kg/h Qvap Flow of vapour after expansion kg/h R Bending radius of tube (Table A.4) mm Re Reynolds number – s Thickness of insulation m V Theoretical displacement
m3 vo Specific volume of vapour or liquid m3/kg w0 Actual flow speed of liquid in the smallest section of pressure relief valve m/s w1 Speed at the inlet into the downstream line m/s x Vapour fraction of refrigerant at pC – SIST EN 13136:2014
. Flush connection angle (Table A.4) °
Pressure loss coefficient ∑==nnn1ζζ – DN Pressure loss coefficient related to DN – n Pressure loss coefficient of a single component – v Volumetric efficiency estimated at suction pressure and discharge pressure equivalent to the pressure relief device setting –
≈ 0,02) –
Kinematic viscosity m2/s
Density of vapour or liquid ( = 1/vo) kg/m3 10 Vapour density at refrigerant saturation pressure/dew point at 10 °C kg/m3 3 Density of heat flow rate kW/m2 3red Reduced density of heat flow rate kW/m2 a The Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC identifies the maximum allowable pressure by the symbol "PS". 5 General Requirements for protection against excessive pressure in refrigeration systems and heat pumps are given in EN 378-2. For design and manufacturing of bodies, bonnets and bolts for pressure relief devices — safety valves and bursting discs — specification of strength pressure test, EN 12284 applies.
For other aspects, the requirements of EN ISO 4126-1:2013 Safety Valves, Clause 3, Terms and definitions, Clause 5, Design, Clause 7, Type tests and Clause 10, Marking and sealing and EN ISO 4126-2:2003 Bursting Disc Safety Devices, Clause 17 Marking, 17.2 Bursting discs/bursting disc assemblies and 17.3 Bursting disc holders apply. NOTE Calculations for flow areas for non-evaporating and evaporating liquids are given in Annex B. Calculations for a pressure relief device with the corresponding pipes are given in Annex C. 6 Pressure relief devices for protection of system components 6.1 General Calculations shall be based on known or assumed processes which result in increases in pressure. All foreseeable processes shall be considered including those covered in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.
For the general purposes of this European Standard, hvap is calculated at 1,1 times the set pressure of the pressure relief device. If the set pressure of the pressure relief valve times 1,1, is higher than the saturated pressure of the refrigerant at (critical temperature minus 5 [K]) then hvap and vo shall be taken at critical temperature minus 5 [K]. If the temperature, at 1,1 times the set pressure of the pressure relief device, is higher than the saturated temperature (superheated gas), then hvap shall be taken at saturated condition.
[kg/h] (1) For those pressure vessels in this European Standard, the density of heat flow rate is assumed to be 2kW/m 10 =ϕ (2)
but a higher value shall be used if necessary. Where the thickness(s) of the insulation of the pressure vessel is bigger than 0,04 [m] and the insulation is tested according to reaction of fire as described in EN 13501-1 and classified better than class C, a reduced density of heat flow rate can be used and determined as follows: ]kW/m[04,02reds×=ϕϕ (3) The sizing of the pressure relief device and calculating of pressure loss are carried out in accordance with Clause 7. For pressure vessels the total external surface area of the vessel shall be taken as Asurf. SIST EN 13136:2014
Figure 1 — Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) Figure 2 — Plate and Shell Heat Exchanger (PSHE) surfA of Plate Heat Exchanger will be calculated as follows:
122313ALLLLLL=××+×+×surf2() [m2] (4) surfA for Plate and Shell Heat Exchanger will be calculated as follows: ()1121d)4/(2LdA××+××=ππsurf [m2] (5) Heat exchangers are generally considered to be vessels. Due to its unique design, some fin and tube heat exchangers in refrigeration systems may be classified according to Article 1 paragraph 2.1.2 last sentence. For further details, see guideline 2/4 of PED 97/23/EC. Higher values for density of heat flow rate than 10 kW/m2 may be necessary where in case of fire full engulfment for the pressure vessel is to be expected and/or in the case the pressure vessel is insulated with a flammable insulation. Other calculation methods could be necessary in case of heat radiation with a higher heat flow directed to one side of the vessel. Where pressure vessels of a refrigerating system are protected against excessive pressure according to EN 378-2:2008+A2:2012, 6.2 and monitored according to EN 378-3:2008+A1:2012, Clause 7 and installed in
special machinery rooms as specified in EN 378-3:2008+A1:2012, Clause 5, no external heat sources for sizing the pressure relief devices used for those vessels themselves may be considered. But, nevertheless, for the sizing of those pressure relief devices on the low pressure side of the refrigerating system all connected pressure vessels, compressors and pumps should be taken into account (EN 378-2:2008+A2:2012, 6.2.6.3). Combustion heat potential of insulations in case of fire is not part of the calculations in this European Standard. Care should be taken at welding activities near insulated vessels and pipes. Electric equipment inside of the flammable insulation should be carried out according to EN 60204-1. 6.2.2 Internal heat sources The minimum required discharge capacity of the pressure relief device for conditions which arise due to an internal source of excessive heat shall be determined by the following: vaphmd3600hQQ×=
[kg/h] (6) SIST EN 13136:2014
[kg/h] (7) For low temperature operations, where it can be established that the compressor motor cannot run with the suction pressure corresponding to 10 °C saturated conditions, then the value at the highest suction pressure shall be used in the calculation. NOTE 1 In cases where discharge shut-off valves are not fitted, a high pressure relief device will suffice, providing there are no intermediate shut-off valves. NOTE 2 Non-positive displacement compressors need not have a pressure relief device providing it is not possible to exceed the maximum allowable pressure. NOTE 3 Relieving to the low pressure side may cause compressor overheating and / or uncontrolled internal pressure in compressors (e.g. in screw compressors). EN 12693 covers compressors which can run against a closed discharge valve. EN 12693 should, therefore, be considered, especially the requirement covering conditions under which the allowable evaporating temperature exceeds the value of 10 °C by more than 5 K. The sizing of t
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Die Norm EN 13136:2013 bietet eine umfassende Richtlinie zur Berechnung der Masseströmung zur Dimensionierung von Sicherheitsventilen und anderen Druckentlastungseinrichtungen in Kältesystemen und Wärmepumpen. Der Anwendungsbereich umfasst mehrere entscheidende Aspekte der Druckentlastung, die sowohl für die Sicherheit als auch für die Effizienz von Kühlsystemen von Bedeutung sind. Eine der größten Stärken dieser Norm ist die detaillierte Beschreibung der Berechnung der Abführkapazitäten für Druckentlastungsventile. Diese Berechnungen sind entscheidend, um sicherzustellen, dass die Druckentlastungsgeräte ausreichend dimensioniert sind, um sowohl bei atmosphärischer Entlastung als auch bei Entlastung auf andere Komponenten im System, die einem niedrigeren Druck ausgesetzt sind, effektiv zu arbeiten. Zudem werden die erforderlichen Daten zur Dimensionierung bereitgestellt, was die Implementierung in der Praxis erheblich vereinfacht. Ein weiterer positiver Aspekt der Norm ist die klare Spezifizierung der Anforderungen zur Auswahl von Druckentlastungseinrichtungen. Diese Anforderungen tragen dazu bei, übermäßigen Druck zu verhindern, der durch interne und externe Wärmequellen sowie durch die thermische Ausdehnung von eingeschlossenem Flüssigkeit entstehen kann. Dadurch wird nicht nur die Sicherheit der Betriebssysteme verbessert, sondern auch die Langlebigkeit der Komponenten erhöht. Darüber hinaus behandelt die Norm die Berechnung des Druckverlustes in den Steig- und Fallleitungen der Druckentlastungsventile und anderer Druckentlastungseinrichtungen. Diese Informationen sind essenziell für die genaue Planung und Optimierung von Kühlsystemen, da sie helfen, effektive Lösungen zur Reduzierung von ineffizienten Druckaufbau und Energieverlusten zu finden. Die Berücksichtigung von anderen relevanten Normen im Abschnitt 5 dieser Norm zeigt zudem die Integrationsfähigkeit und Kontextualität der EN 13136:2013 innerhalb des regulatorischen Rahmens für Kältesysteme. Dies unterstreicht die Relevanz der Norm für Fachleute, die in diesem Sektor arbeiten, und hebt ihre Rolle als wertvolle Ressource für die Einhaltung von Sicherheitsstandards und die ordnungsgemäße Handhabung von technischen Anforderungen hervor. Insgesamt ist die Norm EN 13136:2013 eine bedeutende Referenz für die Dimensionierung von Druckentlastungseinrichtungen in Kältesystemen und Wärmepumpen, die durch ihre klaren Richtlinien und umfassenden Berechnungsmethoden zur Sicherheit und Effizienz in der Branche beiträgt.
The EN 13136:2013 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the calculation of mass flow and discharge capacities associated with pressure relief devices in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Its scope is clearly defined, emphasizing the critical nature of these calculations for ensuring safety and efficiency in systems that utilize refrigerants. One key strength of this standard is its focus on the sizing and selection of pressure relief devices, which are essential for preventing excessive pressure buildup due to factors such as internal heat sources and thermal expansion. By outlining the necessary data and methodologies for accurate sizing, EN 13136 ensures that pressure relief devices can effectively mitigate risks associated with high pressure conditions, thereby enhancing the safety of refrigerating systems. Moreover, the standard addresses the calculation of pressure loss in both the upstream and downstream piping connected to pressure relief valves. This technical detail is crucial for engineers and system designers, as understanding pressure dynamics is essential for the optimal performance of pressure relief devices. The inclusion of references to other relevant standards in Clause 5 further strengthens the document, promoting a cohesive understanding of regulations within the broader context of refrigerating systems. This interconnectedness aids practitioners in navigating the regulatory landscape and aligning their designs with best practices. Overall, EN 13136:2013 is an essential guideline for the safe and effective operation of pressure relief devices in refrigerating systems and heat pumps, highlighting its significant relevance within the industry.
표준 EN 13136:2013은 냉동 시스템 및 히트 펌프의 압력 완화 장치와 관련된 배관에 대한 계산 방법을 설명합니다. 이 문서는 냉동 시스템의 구성 요소에 대한 압력 완화 장치를 적절하게 설계하기 위한 질량 흐름 계산을 상세히 규명하고 있습니다. 이 표준에서 사용하는 "냉동 시스템"이라는 용어는 히트 펌프를 포함하며, 시스템의 안전성을 확보하는 데 필수적인 요소로 작용합니다. 본 표준의 주요 강점 중 하나는 압력 완화 밸브 및 기타 압력 완화 장치의 방출 용량 계산에 필요한 데이터를 포함하고 있다는 점입니다. 이는 시스템이 대기 중으로 또는 시스템 내부의 저압 부품으로 방출할 때의 요구 사항을 만족시키기 위한 것입니다. 이를 통해 사용자들은 더욱 정확하게 장치를 선택하고 설계할 수 있습니다. 또한, EN 13136:2013은 내부 및 외부 열원으로 인한 과도한 압력을 방지하기 위한 압력 완화 장치의 선택 요건을 규정하고 있으며, 압력을 증가시키는 소스, 예를 들어 컴프레서나 히터, 갇힌 액체의 열팽창 등을 고려하고 있습니다. 이러한 종합적인 접근은 냉동 시스템의 신뢰성과 안전성을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 더불어, 이 표준은 압력 완화 밸브 및 기타 장치의 상류 및 하류 라인에서의 압력 손실 계산을 포함하고 있으며, 그러한 계산에 필요한 데이터도 제공하여 설계의 일관성을 보장하고 있습니다. 마지막으로 이 표준은 관련된 다른 표준으로의 참조를 포함하고 있어, 사용자는 보다 포괄적인 접근을 통해 자신의 시스템에 적용할 수 있는 정보를 동시에 확보할 수 있습니다. 따라서 EN 13136:2013은 냉동 시스템과 히트 펌프의 안전하고 효과적인 설계를 위한 필수적인 표준으로, 관련 업계 전문가들에게 매우 중요한 참고자료가 될 것입니다.
EN 13136:2013は、冷凍システムおよびヒートポンプにおける圧力緩和装置とその関連配管の計算方法に関するヨーロッパ標準です。この標準は、冷凍システムの部品用圧力緩和装置のサイズ決定のための質量流量の計算を詳細に説明しており、その適用範囲は非常に広範です。特に、冷凍システムがヒートポンプを含むことを明示している点は、現代の冷凍技術において重要な視点です。 この標準の強みは、圧力緩和弁やその他の圧力緩和装置の排出能力の計算方法を具体的に示していることです。この計算は、通常大気中への排放や、システム内の低圧コンポーネントへの排放を考慮して行われ、必要なデータが明確に提供されています。これにより、さまざまな運用条件において安全性を確保するためのツールをユーザーに提供します。 さらに、内外の熱源や圧力上昇の要因（例えば、コンプレッサーやヒーターなど）による過剰圧力を防ぐための圧力緩和装置選定の要求事項が明記されている点も評価されます。このガイダンスは、設計者やエンジニアが安全性を確保し、システムが期待通りに機能するために不可欠です。 圧力緩和弁や他の圧力緩和装置の上下流の圧力損失の計算も、この標準で詳述されており、そのデータは実務における設計の質を向上させる要素となります。これにより、冷凍システム全体の効率性を最大限に引き出すために必要な情報が手に入ります。 最後に、この標準は他の関連する標準への参照も含んでおり、総合的な理解を促進するための枠組みを提供しています。EN 13136:2013は、冷凍技術分野における圧力緩和装置の設計と運用に不可欠な基準であり、業界全体の安全性と効率性の向上に貢献しています。
La norme EN 13136:2013 offre un cadre détaillé pour la conception et le dimensionnement des dispositifs de décharge de pression dans les systèmes de réfrigération, y compris les pompes à chaleur. Ce document standardisé se concentre sur des méthodes de calcul précises qui sont essentielles pour garantir la sécurité et l'efficacité des installations impliquant des liquides sous pression. Les points forts de cette norme incluent sa portée étendue qui couvre non seulement le calcul des débits massiques nécessaires pour le dimensionnement des dispositifs de décharge, mais aussi l'évaluation des capacités de décharge des vannes de décharge de pression et autres dispositifs similaires en conditions d'atmosphère ou à des composants internes sous pression plus faible. Cela assure une approche globale dans la gestion de la pression dans les systèmes de réfrigération. Un autre aspect positif de la norme est sa spécification claire des exigences pour la sélection des dispositifs de décharge de pression. Cela permet de prévenir les risques d'excès de pression, qui peuvent être causés par des sources internes et externes de chaleur, ainsi que par l'expansion thermique des liquides piégés. La norme fournit donc des directives précieuses pour éviter des situations potentiellement dangereuses dans les installations de réfrigération. De plus, la norme aborde également le calcul des pertes de pression en amont et en aval des vannes de décharge, ce qui est crucial pour une conception efficace des systèmes. Cette dimension de la norme met en lumière son importance pour assurer le bon fonctionnement des dispositifs de décharge, en tenant compte des pertes de pression dans le cadre des systèmes de réfrigération. Enfin, en faisant référence à d'autres normes pertinentes dans la Clause 5, EN 13136:2013 démontre sa compatibilité avec les exigences normatives globales, renforçant ainsi sa pertinence dans le domaine des systèmes de réfrigération et des pompes à chaleur. Cette interconnexion avec d'autres normes standardisées assure une intégration harmonieuse des bonnes pratiques dans la conception et l'entretien des installations. En résumé, la norme EN 13136:2013 se distingue par sa clarté, son exhaustivité et son aptitude à fournir des directives essentielles pour la sécurité et l'efficacité des systèmes de réfrigération et des dispositifs de décharge de pression.
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