EN 16135:2011

Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)

This European Standard specifies a method based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of manganese content as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT  )) in unleaded petrol from about 2 mg/l to about 8 mg/l. This test method is applicable to unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen, including those with ethanol up to 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1   Manganese as MMT is added to petrol to increase antiknock properties.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2   Solutions of MMT in unleaded petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
NOTE 3   Manganese contents higher than 8 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such procedure.
NOTE 4   Application to the determination of other manganese compounds in unleaded petrol has not been tested.
NOTE 5   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction of a material respectively.

Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangangehalts in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS)

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung des Mangangehaltes, angegeben als Methylcyclopentadienylmangantricarbonyl (MMT1)) in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff im Bereich von etwa 2 mg/l bis etwa 8 mg/l fest. Die Bestimmung erfolgt mit Hilfe der Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrie (FAAS). Dieses Prüfverfahren gilt für unverbleiten Ottokraftstoff mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von bis zu 3,7 % (m/m), einschließlich solcher Ottokraftstoffe, die bis zu 10 % (V/V) Ethanol enthalten. ANMERKUNG 1 Mangan als MMT wird Ottokraftstoff zur Verbesserung der Antiklopfeigenschaften zugesetzt. WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieser Europäischen Norm kann den Einsatz gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Diese Europäische Norm gibt nicht vor, alle mit ihrer Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme anzusprechen. Der Anwender dieser Europäischen Norm ist dafür verantwortlich, vorher angemessene Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf Sicherheit und Gesundheit zu ergreifen und die Anwendbarkeit einschränkender Vorschriften zu ermitteln. ANMERKUNG 2 MMT-Lösungen in Ottokraftstoff sind unter Lichteinwirkung instabil. Niedrige und irrige Ergebnisse sind zu erwarten, wenn Proben vor der Analyse dem Licht ausgesetzt wurden. ANMERKUNG 3 Höhere Mangangehalte als 8 mg/l können nach vorhergehender Verdünnung der Probe mit einem zweckmäßigen Lösemittel gemessen werden. Für dieses Verfahren wurde jedoch keine Präzision bestimmt. ANMERKUNG 4 Die Anwendung zur Bestimmung anderer Manganverbindungen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff wurde nicht geprüft. ANMERKUNG 5 Für die Zwecke dieser Europäischen Norm wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils einer Substanz µ der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil einer Substanz ϕ der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.

Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de la teneur en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique de flamme (FAAS)

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de spectrométrie d’absorption atomique de flamme
(FAAS) pour la détermination de la teneur en manganèse présent sous forme de méthylcyclopentadiényl
manganèse tricarbonyle (MMT1) dans l’essence sans plomb, de environ 2 mg/l à environ 8 mg/l. Cette
méthode d’essai est applicable aux essences sans plomb contenant jusqu’à 3,7 % (m/m) d’oxygène, incluant
celles contenant de l’éthanol à une teneur maximale de 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1 Le manganèse sous forme de MMT est ajouté à l’essence afin d’en améliorer les propriétés antidétonantes.
AVERTISSEMENT — L'utilisation de la présente Norme européenne peut impliquer l'intervention de
produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. La présente Norme n'est pas censée
aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de
l'utilisateur de la présente Norme européenne de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et
d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
NOTE 2 Les solutions de MMT dans l’essence sans plomb sont instables en cas d’exposition à la lumière. Si les
échantillons sont exposés à la lumière avant l’analyse, les résultats attendus seront trop bas et inconstants.
NOTE 3 Les teneurs en manganèse supérieures à 8 mg/l peuvent être mesurées après dilution préalable de
l’échantillon avec un solvant approprié. Néanmoins la fidélité n’a pas été établie pour cette procédure.
NOTE 4 L’application à la détermination d’autres composés de manganèse dans l’essence sans plomb n’a pas été
testée.
NOTE 5 Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, les expressions «% (m/m)» et «% (V/V)» représentent
respectivement les fractions massiques, µ, et volumiques, φ, du produit.

Goriva za motorna vozila - Določevanje mangana v neosvinčenem motornem bencinu - Metoda plamenske atomske absorpcijske spektrometrije (AAS)

Ta evropski standard določa metodo na osnovi plamenske atomske absorpcijske spektrometrije (AAS) za določevanje mangana v obliki metilciklopentadienil manganovega trikarbonila (MMT) v motornem bencinu od 2 mg/l do 8 mg/l. Ta preskusna metoda se uporablja za neosvinčeni motorni bencin, ki vsebuje do 3,7 % (m/m) kisika, vključno z bencinom, ki vsebuje do 10 % (V/V) etanola.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Dec-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Jun-2012
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 19/WG 27 - Elemental analysis of petroleum and related products
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 07-Feb-2023
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 16135:2012 - Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (AAS)

Overview

EN 16135:2011 is a European Standard developed by CEN that specifies a reliable analytical method for determining the manganese content in unleaded petrol. The method employs Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) to measure manganese levels, primarily present as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), within a concentration range of approximately 2 mg/l to 8 mg/l. This technique is applicable to unleaded petrol containing up to 3.7% (mass/mass) oxygen and ethanol content up to 10% (volume/volume). Manganese additives such as MMT are used in petrol to improve antiknock properties, enhancing engine performance.

Key Topics

• Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method (FAAS): The standard describes the preparation, calibration, and instrument setup for accurate manganese quantification using FAAS at a wavelength of 279.5 nm.
• Sample Preparation: Petrol samples are diluted with hydrocarbon solvents like kerosene to ensure homogeneity and are analyzed promptly to avoid degradation caused by light exposure.
• Calibration and Quality Control: Multiple calibration solutions with known manganese concentrations are prepared for instrument calibration, alongside quality control samples to verify measurement precision and accuracy.
• Safety Considerations: Handling of volatile solvents and carburant samples involves risks. The document advises users to apply appropriate health and safety measures during sample handling and analysis.
• Analytical Precision: The method emphasizes repeatability and reproducibility, with criteria such as relative standard deviation (RSD) limits below 3% for absorbance measurements ensuring reliable results.
• Limitations: The standard is designed for manganese concentrations up to 8 mg/l. Values exceeding this require dilution with a suitable solvent, though such procedures lack established precision. Additionally, the method is validated specifically for MMT manganese compounds but not other manganese additives.

Applications

EN 16135:2011 is crucial for:

• Fuel Quality Control: Ensures compliance with regulatory manganese content limits in unleaded petrol, supporting manufacturers and laboratories in maintaining fuel standards.
• Regulatory Compliance: Helps stakeholders meet requirements derived from directives such as the amended Fuels Quality Directive by providing an officially recognized test method.
• Additive Monitoring: Enables petrol producers and distributors to monitor MMT manganese levels to optimize antiknock additive performance while preventing excess manganese emissions.
• Research and Development: Supports petroleum and chemical laboratories in studying fuel additives' effects on combustion and emissions through precise manganese determination.

Related Standards

EN 16135:2011 references and aligns with multiple related standards that complement fuel sampling, handling, and analysis protocols:

• EN ISO 648: Laboratory glassware - Single-volume pipettes
• EN ISO 1042: Laboratory glassware - One-mark volumetric flasks
• EN ISO 3170 & EN ISO 3171: Petroleum liquids sampling methods (manual and automatic)
• EN ISO 3675 & EN ISO 12185: Laboratory determination of petrol density using hydrometer and oscillating U-tube methods
  These standards establish fundamental procedures and apparatus requirements essential for precise manganese determination according to EN 16135.

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EN 16135:2011 delivers a robust, standardized approach for flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of manganese in unleaded petrol, ensuring accuracy, repeatability, and compliance with European fuel quality regulations. By following this standard, laboratories can confidently assess manganese additive concentrations, contributing to improved fuel formulations and regulatory adherence.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RUQHP$6Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangangehalts in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Atomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (AAS)Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de la teneur en mangane dans les essences sans plomb - Méthodes par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique (SAA)Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (AAS)75.160.20Liquid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16135:2011SIST EN 16135:2012en,fr,de01-februar-2012SIST EN 16135:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16135
December 2011 ICS 75.160.20 English Version
Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese content in unleaded petrol - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)
Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination de la teneur en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique de flamme (FAAS) Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Mangangehalts in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff - Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 October 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16135:2011: ESIST EN 16135:2012

1) MMT is a registered trademark of Ethyl Corporation. SIST EN 16135:2012
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