EN ISO 8178-5:1997
(Main)Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5: Test fuels (ISO 8178-5:1997)
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5: Test fuels (ISO 8178-5:1997)
To be withdrawn (NT/2001-12-07).
Hubkolben - Verbrennungsmotoren - Abgasmessung - Teil 5: Spezifikationen von Testkraftstoffen (ISO 8178-5:1997)
Dieser Teil von EN 28178 enthält Empfehlungen für Kraftstoffe, die bei der Messung der Abgasemissionen nach den Prüfzyklen von EN 28178-4 zu benutzen sind. Da die Eigenschaften der Kraftstoffe von Land zu Land sehr unterschiedlichsind, wird in diesem Teil der Norm eine große Brandbreite verschiedener Kraftstoffe aufgelistet, wobei sowohl Bezugskraftstoffe als auch handelsüblicheKraftstoffe berücksichtigt wurden. Unter Bezugskraftstoffe fallen normalerweisespezielle handelsübliche Kraftstoffe, die bei Abgasemissionen allerdings eine weitaus strengere Spezifikation aufweisen.
Moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne - Mesurage des émissions de gaz d'échappement - Partie 5: Carburants d'essai (ISO 8178-5:1997)
IEC 60794-5-20:2014 est une spécification de famille qui couvre les éléments fibres en microconduit extérieur, ainsi que les microconduits et microconduits protégés correspondants pour installation par soufflage. Les microconduits protégés sont destinés à des applications de conduits, d'enfouissement direct ou de câbles lacés. Les éléments fibres en microconduit se différencient des câbles à fibres optiques en microconduit (voir l'IEC 60794-5-10) par une protection moindre des fibres contenues. De manière spécifique, les éléments fibres en microconduit reposent sur la structure du microconduit, du microconduit protégé ou du logement approprié pour supporter leur installation et pour fournir une protection mécanique supplémentaire à la fibre optique pendant la durée de vie du produit. Les systèmes intégrant des éléments couverts par la présente norme sont soumis aux exigences de la spécification intermédiaire IEC 60794-5, le cas échéant.
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5: Test fuels (ISO 8178-5:1997)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
01-december-2000
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement -
Part 5: Test fuels (ISO 8178-5:1997)
Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 5:
Test fuels (ISO 8178-5:1997)
Hubkolben - Verbrennungsmotoren - Abgasmessung - Teil 5: Spezifikationen von
Testkraftstoffen (ISO 8178-5:1997)
Moteurs alternatifs a combustion interne - Mesurage des émissions de gaz
d'échappement - Partie 5: Carburants d'essai (ISO 8178-5:1997)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 8178-5:1997
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
27.020 Motorji z notranjim Internal combustion engines
zgorevanjem
SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8178-5
First edition
1997-08-01
Corrected and reprinted
1998-05-15
Reciprocating internal combustion
engines — Exhaust emission
measurement —
Part 5:
Test fuels
Moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne — Mesurage des émissions de
gaz d'échappement —
Partie 5: Carburants d'essai
A
Reference Number
ISO 8178-5:1997(E)
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
ISO 8178-5:1997(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 8178-5 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 8, Exhaust gas
emission measurement.
ISO 8178 consists of the following parts, under the general title
Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission
measurement:
— Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust
emissions
— Part 2: Measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions at
site
— Part 3: Definitions and methods of measurement of exhaust gas
smoke under steady-state conditions
— Part 4: Test cycles for different engine applications
— Part 5: Test fuels
— Part 6: Test report
— Part 7: Engine family determination
© ISO 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
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ISO ISO 8178-5:1997(E)
— Part 8: Engine group determination
— Part 9: Test-bed measurement of exhaust gas smoke emissions from
engines used in non-road mobile machinery
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 8178. Annexes B, C and
D are for information only.
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 8178-5:1997(E)
Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission
measurement —
Part 5:
Test fuels
1 Scope
This part of ISO 8178 specifies fuels whose use is recommended for performing the exhaust emission test cycles
given in ISO 8178-4.
NOTE — Since fuel properties vary widely from country to country a broad range of different fuels is listed in this part of
ISO 8178 — both reference fuels and commercial fuels.
This part of ISO 8178 is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for mobile, transportable and
stationary installations excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This part of ISO 8178
may be applied to engines used e.g. on earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.
Reference fuels are usually representative of specific commercial fuels but with considerably tighter specifications.
Their use is primarily recommended for test bed measurements described in ISO 8178-1.
For measurements typically at site where emissions with commercial fuels, whether listed or not in this part of
ISO 8178 are to be determined, uniform analytical data sheets (see clause 5) are recommended for the
determination of the fuel properties to be declared with the exhaust emission results.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 8178. At the time of publication, the editions indicated where valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 8178 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
ISO 2160:1985, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test.
ISO 2719:1988,
Petroleum products and lubricants— Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup
method.
ISO 3007:1986, Petroleum products — Determination of vapour pressure — Reid method.
ISO 3015:1992, Petroleum products — Determination of cloud point.
ISO 3016:1994, Petroleum products — Determination of pour point.
ISO 3104:1994, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity.
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ISO 3105:1994, Glass capillary kinematic viscometers — Specifications and operation instructions.
ISO 3405:1988, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics.
ISO 3675:1993, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density or relative
density — Hydrometer method.
ISO 3733:1976, Petroleum products and bituminous materials — Determination of water — Distillation method.
ISO 3735:1975, Crude petroleum and fuel oils — Determination of sediment — Extraction method.
ISO 3830:1993, Petroleum products — Determination of lead content of gasoline — Iodine monochloride method.
ISO 3837:1993, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of hydrocarbon types — Fluorescent indicator
absorption method.
ISO 3993:1984, Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons — Determination of density or relative density —
Pressure hydrometer method.
ISO 4256:1996, Liquefied petroleum gases — Determination of vapour pressure — LPG method.
ISO 4260:1987, Petroleum products and hydrocarbons — Determination of sulfur content — Wickbold combustion
method.
ISO 4262:1993, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Ramsbottom method.
ISO 4264:1995, Petroleum products — Calculation of cetane index of middle-distillate fuels by the four-variable
equation.
ISO 5163:1990, Motor and aviation-type fuels — Determination of knock characteristics — Motor method.
ISO 5164:1990, Motor fuels — Determination of knock characteristics — Research method.
ISO 5165:1992, Diesels fuels — Determination of ignition quality — Cetane method.
ISO 6245:1993, Petroleum products — Determination of ash.
ISO 6246:1995, Petroleum products — Gum content of light and middle distillate fuels — Jet evaporation method.
ISO 6326-5:1989, Natural gas — Determination of sulfur compounds — Part 5: Lingener combustion method.
ISO 6615:1993, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Conradson method.
ISO 6974:1984, Natural gas — Determination of hydrogen, inert gases and hydrocarbons up to C8 — Gas
chromatographic method.
ISO 7536:1994, Petroleum products — Determination of oxidation stability of gasoline — Induction period method.
ISO 7941:1988, Commercial proprane and butane — Analysis by gas chromatography.
ISO 8178-1:1996, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Exhaust emission measurement — Part 1: Test-
bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions.
ISO 8216-1:1996, Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Classification — Part 1: Categories of marine fuels.
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ISO 8217:1996, Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels.
ISO 8691:1994, Petroleum products — Low levels of vanadium in liquid fuels — Determination by flameless atomic
absorption spectrometric method after ashing.
ISO 8754:1992, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfur content — Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence
method.
ISO 8973:1997, Liquefied petroleum gases — Determination of density and vapour pressure by calculation.
ISO 10370:1993, Petroleum products — Determination of carbon residue — Micro method.
ISO 10478:1994, Fuel oils — Determination of aluminium and silicon in fuel oils — Inductively coupled plasma
emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods.
ASTM D 1319-95a, Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator
Adsorption.
ASTM D 3231-94, Test Method for Phosphorus in Gazoline.
ASTM D 3606-92, Test Method for the Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography.
ASTM D 4420-94, Test Methods for Aromatics in Light Naphthas, and Aviation Gasolines by Gas Chromatography.
ASTM D 5186-91, Test Method for the Determination of Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels by Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography.
DIN 51413 Teil 7, 1990, Prüfung flüssiger Mineralöl-Kohlenwasserstoffe — Gaschromatographische Analyse —
Teil 7: Bestimmung sauerstoffhaltiger organischer Verbindungen und des organisch gebundenen Sauerstoffs —
Verfahren mittels eines sauerstoffspezifischen Detektors (O-FID). [Testing of liquid mineral oil hydrocarbons;
analysis by gas chromatography; determination of oxygenates and the oxygen content; procedure by oxygen-
specific detector (O-FID)].
EN 116:1981, Diesel and domestic heating fuels — Determination of cold filter plugging point.
EN 238:1996, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of benzene content-infrared spectrometric method.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 8178 the following definitions apply as well as any applicable definitions
contained in the standards listed in the tables of annex B.
3.1 carbon residue: Residue formed by evaporation and thermal degradation of a carbon-containing material.
3.2 cetane index: Approximation of the ignition performance of distillate diesel fuel, which does not contain a
cetane improver additive, calculated from the density and the distillation basis.
(See also 3.6, diesel index.)
3.3 cetane number: Number which characterizes the ignition performance of diesel fuel obtained by comparing it
to reference fuels in a standardized test for engines.
(See also 5.5 and 5.6.)
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3.4 crude oil: Naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixture, generally in a liquid state, which may also include
compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals and other elements.
3.5 diesel fuel: Any petroleum liquid suitable for the generation of power by combustion in compression ignition
diesel engines.
3.6 diesel index: Number which characterizes the ignition performance of diesel fuel and residual oils, calculated
from the density and the aniline point.
NOTE — No longer widely used for distillate fuels due to inaccuracy of this method, but applicable to some blended distillate
residual fuel oils. See also 3.2, cetane index.
3.7 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): Mixture of normally gaseous hydrocarbons, predominantly propane or
butane or both, that has been liquefied by compression or cooling or both, to facilitate storage, transport and
handling.
3.8 octane number: For fuels used in spark ignition engines, a number which expresses resistance to knock
obtained by comparison with reference fuels in a standardized engine.
3.9 oxygenate: Oxygen containing organic compound which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, such as
various alcohols and ethers.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
The symbols and abbreviations used in this part of ISO 8178 are identical with those given in ISO 8178-1:1996,
clause 4 and including annex A. Those which are essential for this part of ISO 8178 are repeated below in order to
facilitate comprehension.
Symbol
According to
1) Definition Unit
SI
EEC-UNO
regulations
EAF E Excess air factor (in kilogrammes dry air per kilogramme of fuel) kg/kg
F F Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on dry basis 1
FD d
F F Fuel specific factor used for calculating wet concentration from dry concentration 1
FH h
F F Fuel specific factor for exhaust flow calculation on wet basis 1
FW w
F F Fuel specific factor for the carbon balance calculation 1
FCB cb
2) 3
V q Exhaust gas volume flow rate on dry basis m /h
EXHD Vxd
2) 3
V q Intake air volume flow rate on dry basis m /h
AIRD Vad
2) 3
V q Intake air volume flow rate on wet basis m /h
AIRW Vaw
2) 3
V q Exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis m /h
EXHW Vxwi
G q Fuel mass flow rate kg/h
FUEL mf
ALF w Mass fraction of hydrogen in the fuel %
H2
BET w Mass fraction of carbon in the fuel %
C
GAM w Mass fraction of sulfur in the fuel %
s
DEL w Mass fraction of nitrogen in the fuel %
N2
EPS w Mass fraction of oxygen in the fuel %
O2
Z z Fuel factor for calculation of ALF 1
1) According to ISO 31 on quantities and units.
2) At reference conditions (T = 273,15 K and p = 101,3 kPa).
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5 Choice of fuel
As far as possible, reference fuels should be used for certification of engines.
Reference fuels reflect the characteristics of commercially available fuels in different countries and are therefore
different in their properties. Since fuel composition influences exhaust emissions, emission results with different
reference fuels are not usually comparable. For lab-to-lab comparison of emissions even the properties of the
specified reference fuel are recommended to be as near as possible to identical. This can theoretically best be
accomplished by using fuels from the same batch.
For all fuels (reference fuels and others) the analytical data shall be determined and reported with the results of the
exhaust measurement.
For non reference fuels the data to be determined are listed in the following tables:
— table 1, Universal analytical data sheet — Natural gas
— table 2, Universal analytical data sheet — Liquefied petroleum gas
— table 6, Universal analytical data sheet — Motor gasolines
— table 11, Universal analytical data sheet — Diesel fuels
— table 13, Universal analytical data sheet — Distillate fuel oils
— table 14, Universal analytical data sheet — Residual fuel oils
— table 15, Universal analytical data sheet — Crude oil
An elemental analysis of the fuel shall be carried out when the possibility of an exhaust mass flow measurement or
combustion air flow measurement, in combination with the fuel consumption, is not possible. In such cases the
exhaust mass flow can be calculated using the concentration measurement results of the exhaust emission, and
using the calculation methods given in ISO 8178-1:1996, annex A (see also annex A of this part of ISO 8178).
Hydrogen and carbon mass fractions can be obtained by calculation or nomogram. The recommended methods are
given in A.3.1, A.3.2 and A.3.3.
NOTE — For non-ISO test methods equivalent to those of ISO standards mentioned in this part of ISO 8178, see annex B.
5.1 Natural gas
Gaseous fuels are not referenced as their use depends on the availability of the gas at site. Their properties,
including the fuel(s) analysis shall be known and reported with the results of the emissions test.
A universal data sheet containing the analytical properties to be reported is given in table 1.
5.2 Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied petroleum gas is not referenced as its use depends on the availability of the gas at site. The properties,
including the gas analysis, shall be known and reported with the results of the emissions test.
A universal data sheet containing the analytical properties to be reported is given in table 2.
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5.3 Motor gasolines
5.3.1 Referenced motor gasolines
The referenced motor gasolines whose use is recommended for certification purposes are the following:
1)
a) CEC reference fuels: see table 3;
b) USA certification test fuel: see table 4;
c) Japanese certification test fuels: see table 5.
5.3.2 Non referenced motor gasolines
If it is necessary to use non referenced motor gasolines, the properties of the individual fuel shall be reported with
the results of the test. Table 6 represents a universal analytical data sheet giving the properties which shall be
reported.
Standards or specification of commercial fuels may be obtained from the organizations listed in annex C.
5.4 Diesel fuels
5.4.1 Diesel reference fuels
The referenced diesel fuels whose use is recommended for certification purposes are the following:
a) CEC reference fuels: see table 7;
b) USA certification test fuels: see table 8;
c) Californian test fuel: see table 9;
d) Japanese certification test fuel: see table 10.
5.4.2 Non referenced diesel fuels
If it is necessary to use non referenced diesel fuels, the properties of the individual fuel shall be reported with the
results of the test. Table 11 represents a universal analytical data sheet giving the properties which shall be
reported.
Standards or specifications of commercial fuels may be obtained from the organizations listed in annex C.
5.5 Distillate fuel oils
As there are no existent reference fuels, it is recommended that the fuel used be in accordance with ISO 8216-1
and ISO 8217 (see table 12).
The fuel's properties, including the elemental analysis, shall be measured and reported with the results of the
emission measurement. Table 13 represents a universal analytical data sheet giving the properties which shall be
reported.
2)
ISO 8216-1 and ISO 8217 do not specify ignition quality, as the CFR engine measurement procedure is not
applicable for fuels containing residues.
The effect of the ignition quality on exhaust gas emissions depends on the engine characteristics and engine speed
and load, and is in many cases not negligible. There is a generally recognized need for a standard measurement
procedure resulting in a characteristic fuel quality value comparable to the cetane number for pure distillate fuels. A
calculation based on the distillation characteristics is not suitable. For the time being the best approach is to
calculate CCAI (Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index) or CII (Calculated Ignition Index) figures for general
indication. It is too early to specify a supplementary maximum ignition quality level in the fuel specification during
exhaust emission acceptance tests. Clause A.4 gives equations for CCAI and CII.
___________
1) Coordinating European Council for the Development of Performance Tests for Transportation Fuels, Lubricants and Other
Fluids.
2) An engine standardized by the Co-operative Fuel Research Committee.
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5.6 Residual fuel oils
No existent referenced fuels.
In cases where it is necessary to run on heavy fuels, the properties of the fuel shall be according to ISO 8216-1 and
ISO 8217. The properties of the fuel, including the elementary analysis, shall be determined, and reported with the
results of the emission measurement. Table 14 represents a universal analytical data sheet giving the properties
which shall be reported.
ISO 8216-1 and ISO 8217 do not specify ignition quality, as the CFR engine measurement procedure is not
applicable for fuels containing residues.
The effect of the ignition quality on exhaust gas emissions, especially NO depends on the engine characteristics
x
and engine speed and load, and is in many cases not negligible. There is a generally recognised need for a
standard measurement procedure resulting in a characteristic fuel quality value comparable to the cetane index for
pure distillate fuels. A calculation based on the distillation characteristics is not suitable. For the time being, the best
approach is to calculate CCAI (Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index) or CII (Calculated Ignition Index) figures for
general indication. It is too early to specify a supplementary maximum ignition quality level in the fuel specification
during exhaust emission acceptance tests. Clause A.4 gives equations for CCAI and CII.
5.7 Crude oil
Crude oils are non referenced.
In cases where it is necessary to run the engine with crude oil, the properties of the fuel, including the elemental
analysis, shall be measured and reported with the results of the emission measurement. Table 15 is given as a
recommendation for a data sheet, of the properties to be reported.
5.8 Alternative fuels
In those cases where alternative fuels are used, the analytical data specified by the producer of the fuel shall be
determined and reported together with the report on exhaust emissions.
6 Requirements and additional information
For the determination of fuel properties ISO standards shall be used where they exist. Annex B lists standards,
established by the standardization organizations, in use in parallel to ISO standards.
If supplementary additives are used during the test they shall be declared and noted in the test report.
If water addition is used it shall be declared and taken into account in the calculation of the emission results.
It should be noted that distillates and residual fuel oil typically have a high ash and sulfur content and this will
normally result in high particulate levels. In the case of sulfur, this is due to the formation of sulfates and associated
water during the dilution.
It should be noted that nitrogen content of the fuel increases the NO emission.
x
Related organisations capable of providing specifications for commercial fuels are given in annex C.
7 Calculation of the exhaust gas flow using fuel specific factors
NOTE — The calculation of the exhaust gas flow is derived from ISO 8178-1 for the following different cases.
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7.1 Standard fuels
a) Known air volume flow and known fuel mass flow:
V = V + F · G (for dry emissions)
EXHD AIRD FD FUEL
or
V = V + F · G (for wet emissions)
EXHW AIRW FW FUEL
See ISO 8178-1:1996, 7.2.2.
b) Unknown air volume flow, known CO in exhaust and known fuel mass flow: Use calculation specified in
2
ISO 8178-1:1996, clause A.1.
7.2 Other fuels with known composition
a) Known air volume flow and known fuel mass flow: use the equations given in 7.1 a) with the appropriate factor
(F or F ), as specified in clause 8.
FD FW
b) Unknown air volume flow, known CO or O in exhaust and known fuel mass flow: use derivation specified in
2 2
ISO 8178-1:1996, clause A.2.
8 Calculation on the fuel specific factors
8.1 Fuel specific factors F and F
FD FW
These factors are used for exhaust flow calculation (see clause 7).
The values of the fuel specific factors are calculated as follows, using the concentrations obtained by elementary
analysis:
F = - 0,055 64·ALF - 0,000 11·BET - 0,000 17·GAM + 0,008 005 5·DEL + 0,006 998·EPS
FD
F = 0,055 57·ALF - 0,000 11·BET - 0,000 17·GAM + 0,008 005 5·DEL + 0,006 998·EPS
FW
NOTE — The method used to derive these equations is described in ISO 8178-1:1996, A.2.7.
8.2 Fuel specific factors F and F
FH FCB
The derivation of these factors is given in annex A which also contains an additional table with values for some
different fuels.
Table 1 — Universal analytical data sheet — Natural gas
Property Unit Test method Result of measurements
Molar fraction of each component % ISO 6974
3
Mass concentration of sulphur mg/m ISO 6326-5
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Table 2 — Universal analytical data sheet — Liquefied petroleum gas
1)
Property Unit Test method Result of measurements
Molar fraction of each component % ISO 7941
Mass concentration of sulfur % ISO 4260
Vapour pressure at 40 °C kPa ISO 8973
ISO 4256
3
Density at 15 °C g/cm ISO 3993
ISO 8973
1) Indicate the method used.
Table 3 — Motor gasolines — CEC reference fuels
[Source: CEC, Reference fuels manual]
RF-01-A-84 RF-08-A-85
Property Unit Test method
Premium Premium
leaded unleaded
min. max. min. max.
Research octane number (RON) 1 ASTM D 2699 98 — 95 —
Motor octane number (MON) 1 ASTM D 2700 — — 85 —
Sensitivity (RON/MON) 1 ASTM D 2699 — ———
ASTM D 2700
Density at 15 °C kg/l ASTM D 1298 0,741 0,755 0,748 0,762
Reid vapour pressure kPa ASTM D 323 56 64 56 64
Distillation ASTM D86
Initial boiling point °C 24 40 24 40
10 % Vol. °C 42 58 42 58
50 % Vol. °C 90 110 90 110
90 % Vol. °C 150 170 155 180
Final boiling point °C 185 205 190 215
Residue % — — 2 — 2
Hydrocarbon analysis ASTM D 1319
Volume fraction of olefins % — 20 — 20
Volume fraction of aromatics % — — 45 — 45
Volume fraction of benzene % — — — — 5
Mass fraction of sulfur % ASTM D 1266 — 0,04 — 0,04
ASTM D 2622
ASTM D 2785
Mass concentration of lead g/l ASTM D 3341 0,1 0,4 —
ASTM D 3237 — —— 0,005
Mass concentration of phosphorus g/l ASTM D 3231 — — — 0,001 3
Oxidation stability
Induction period min ASTM D 525 480 — 480 —
Mass of existent gums per 100 ml mg ASTM D 381 — 4 — 4
Copper corrosion at 50 °C — ASTM D 130 — — — class 1
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Table 4 — Motor gasolines — USA certification test fuel
[Source: Title 40, Code for Federal Regulations, 86.113-94]
Property Unit Test method
min. max.
Research octane number (RON) 1 ASTM D 2699 93 —
Sensitivity (RON/MON) 1 ASTM D 2699 7,5 —
ASTM D 2700
Reid vapour pressure kPa ASTM D 323 60.0 63.4
Distillation ASTM D 86
Initial boiling point °C 23.9 35.0
10 % Vol. °C 48,9 57,2
50 % Vol. °C 93,3 110,0
90 % Vol. °C 148,9 162,8
Final boiling point °C — 212,8
Hydrocarbon analysis ASTM D 1319
Volume fraction of olefins % — 10
Volume fraction of aromatics % — 35
— 0,1
Mass fraction of sulfur % ASTM D 1266
ASTM D 2622
ASTM D 2785
Mass concentration of lead g/l ASTM D 3341 — 0,013
ASTM D3237
Mass concentration of phosphorus g/l ASTM D 3231 — 0,001 3
Oxidation stability min ASTM D 525 480 —
Mass of existent gums per 100 ml mg ASTM D 381 — 4
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Table 5 — Motor gasolines — Japanese certification test fuels
[Source: standard JIS K 2202:1991]
Property Unit Test method Gasoline No. 1 Gasoline No. 2
min. max. min. max.
Research octane number (RON) 1 ASTM D 2699 96 — 89 —
Density at 15 °C kg/l ASTM D 1298 — 0,783 — 0,783
Reid vapour pressure kPa ASTM D 323 44 78 44 78
Distillation ASTM D 86
Initial boiling point °C
10 % Vol. °C — 70 — 70
50 % Vol. °C — 125 — 125
90 % Vol. °C — 180 — 180
Final boiling point °C 220 220
Residue at 70 °C % — 2 — 2
Oxidation stability min ASTM D 525 240 — 240 —
Mass of existent gums per 100 ml mg ASTM D 381 — 5 — 5
Copper corrosion at 50 °C — ASTM D 130 — class 1 — class 1
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
©
ISO
ISO 8178-5:1997(E)
Table 6 — Universal analytical data sheet — Motor gasolines
1)
Property Unit Test method Result of measurements
Research octane number (RON) 1 ISO 5164
Motor octane number (MON) 1 ISO 5163
Sensitivity (RON/MON) 1 ISO 5163
ISO 5164
Density at 15 °C kg/l ISO 3675
Reid vapour pressure kPa ISO 3007
Distillation ISO 3405
Initial boiling point °C
10 % Vol. °C
50 % Vol. °C
90 % Vol. °C
Final boiling point °C
Residue
at 70 °C %
at 100 °C %
at 180 °C %
Hydrocarbon analysis ISO 3837
Volume fraction of olefins %
Volume fraction of aromatics %
Volume fraction of benzene % ASTM D 3606
ASTM D 4420
EN 238
Mass fraction of sulfur % ISO 4260
ISO 8754
Mass concentration of phosphorus g/l ASTM D 3231
Mass concentration of lead g/l ISO 3830
Oxidation stability min ISO 7536
Mass of existent gums per 100 ml mg ISO 6246
Copper strip corrosion at 50 °C — ISO 2160
Oxygenates DIN 51413
2)
Elemental analysis
Mass fraction of carbon %
Mass fraction of hydrogen %
Mass fraction of nitrogen %
Mass fraction of oxygen %
1) Indicate the method used.
2) See the ultimate paragraph of clause 5.
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SIST EN ISO 8178-5:2000
©
ISO
ISO 8178-5:1997(E)
Table 7 — Diesels fuels — CEC reference fuels for European certification
[Source: CEC, Reference fuels manual]
RF-73-A-93
RF-
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