prEN ISO 12895

Safety of machinery - Identification of whole body access and prevention of associated risk(s) (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)

This document establishes the criteria to evaluate when whole body access exists in a machinery application and includes appropriate risk reduction measures to minimize or reduce associated risks. It provides a methodology to determine the selection of risk reduction measures when whole body access exists.
This document assumes separation distances have been applied according to ISO 13855 and ISO 13857.
Protection against the risks from hazards arising from emissions (e.g., the ejection of solid or fluid materials, radiation, electric arcs, heat, noise, fumes, gases) are not entirely covered by this document, although the application of the proposed risk reduction measures may minimize or reduce them.
Protection against the risks from hazards arising from breaking of parts of the machine or gravity falls, are not covered by this document.
This document applies for safeguards used on machinery for the protection of persons 14 years and older.

Sicherheit von Maschinen - Identifizierung von Ganzkörperzugängen und Vermeidung der damit verbundenen Risiken (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)

Dieses Dokument legt die Kriterien fest, anhand derer beurteilt werden kann, ob bei einer Maschinenanwendung Ganzkörperzugang besteht, und legt ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Anforderungen fest, um die damit verbundenen Risiken zu verringern.
Der Schutz vor Risiken durch Gefährdungen, die auf Emissionen zurückzuführen sind (z. B. durch das Herausschleudern von festen oder flüssigen Stoffen, Strahlung, Lichtbögen, Hitze, Lärm, Rauch, Gasen), wird in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt.
Der Schutz vor Risiken durch Gefährdungen, die auf den Bruch oder das Herabfallen von Maschinenteilen zurückzuführen sind, wird in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für Maßnahmen zur Risikominderung, die zum Schutz von Personen ab 14 Jahren an Maschinen verwendet werden.
ANMERKUNG   Es ist nicht zweckmäßig, Maße für alle Personen festzulegen. Daher ist vorgesehen, dass die angegebenen Werte das 5. bis 95. Perzentil der Bevölkerungsgruppe abdecken.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht auf Ganzkörperzugänge anwendbar, die sich aus einer unangemessenen Fehlanwendung ergeben.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Maschinen, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.

Sécurité des machines - Identification de l’accès de l'ensemble du corps et prévention des risques associés (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)

Varnost strojev - Identifikacija dostopa do celotnega telesa in preprečevanje s tem povezanih tveganj (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 26-Jul-2026
• ICS: 13.110 - Safety of machinery
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 114 - Safety of machinery
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 114 - Safety of machinery
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Start Date: 20-Nov-2025
• Due Date: 14-Jun-2024
• Completion Date: 20-Nov-2025
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Mandate: M/605 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 20.1.2025 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards machinery and related products in support of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO 12895:2025 - Safety of machinery - Identification of whole body access and prevention of associated risk(s) (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)

Overview

The prEN ISO 12895:2025 standard, titled "Safety of machinery - Identification of whole body access and prevention of associated risk(s)", is a draft international standard developed by CEN and ISO/TC 199. It establishes criteria and a methodology to identify when whole body access occurs in machinery applications and prescribes risk reduction measures to minimize or prevent associated risks. This standard specifically targets safeguards for machinery protecting persons aged 14 years and older.

Unlike standards covering separation distances as per ISO 13855 and ISO 13857, this document focuses on evaluating and managing whole body access risks but does not cover all hazards, such as emissions (solid or fluid ejection, radiation, heat), breaking parts, or gravity falls. It is intended for use by machine manufacturers, safety regulators, employers, employees, and service providers to enhance machinery safety effectively.

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Key Topics

• Whole Body Access Identification: Provides criteria and methodology to determine if full body access to a hazardous machinery area is possible, including access over, around, through, or under protective structures.

• Risk Reduction Measures: Outlines practical measures to minimize risks related to whole body access:

  • Prevention of access by reducing gaps/openings in protective structures.
  • Use of presence sensing equipment (PSE) and interlocking guards.
  • Installation of physical presence-impeding obstacles.
  • Implementation of manual reset and reset inhibit functions.
  • Egress requirements to ensure safe exit paths.
  • Initiation warning systems to alert personnel before hazardous machine operations.

• Safety Device Positioning: Emphasizes importance of correct placement of safety equipment relative to hazard zones to reduce risk effectively, leveraging biomechanical and anthropometric data.

• Scope and Applicability: Applies to machinery designed for users aged 14 and older, excludes risks due to emissions and certain mechanical failures, and is intended to supplement or be overridden by specific type-C safety standards for particular machines.

• Stakeholder Engagement and Standardization Context: Defines its role as a type-B safety standard according to ISO 12100, serving as a foundational guideline for manufacturers, safety bodies, users, and standardization organizations.

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Applications

• Machinery Design and Manufacturing: Assists manufacturers in identifying whole body access points during design phase, determining adequate safeguarding measures, and complying with emerging international safety regulations.

• Risk Assessment and Safety Evaluation: Provides useful methodologies for safety engineers and risk assessors to evaluate access risks and select appropriate protective measures in industrial environments.

• Regulatory Compliance and Market Surveillance: Supports regulators and market surveillance authorities in enforcing machinery safety regulations and verifying conformity with safety standards.

• Workplace Safety Management: Helps employers and safety managers establish safe operating conditions around hazardous machinery, minimize operator injury risk, and ensure safe emergency egress routes.

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Related Standards

• ISO 12100: Basic concepts and principles for machinery safety design and risk assessment; prEN ISO 12895 acts as a type-B standard supporting ISO 12100.

• ISO 13855 and ISO 13857: Specify minimum safety distances and protective structure dimensions to prevent access to hazardous areas; prEN ISO 12895 assumes compliance with these standards.

• Machine-Specific Type-C Standards: Detailed safety requirements for particular machine types; take precedence over prEN ISO 12895 when deviations exist.

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Keywords: machinery safety, whole body access, risk reduction measures, protective structures, presence sensing equipment, manual reset, initiation warning system, safety standards, risk assessment, industrial machinery, safeguarding, operator protection.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2025
Varnost strojev - Identifikacija dostopa do celotnega telesa in preprečevanje s tem
povezanih tveganj (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)
Safety of machinery - Identification of whole body access and prevention of associated
risk(s) (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Identifizierung von Ganzkörperzugängen und Vermeidung
der damit verbundenen Risiken (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)
Sécurité des machines - Identification de l’accès de l'ensemble du corps et prévention
des risques associés (ISO/DIS 12895:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 12895
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 12895.2
ISO/TC 199
Safety of machinery —
Secretariat: DIN
Identification of whole body access
Voting begins on:
and prevention of associated risk(s)
2025-03-20
Sécurité des machines — Identification de l’accès de l'ensemble
Voting terminates on:
du corps et prévention des risques associés
2025-05-15
ICS: 13.110
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 12895.2
ISO/TC 199
Safety of machinery —
Secretariat: DIN
Identification of whole body access
Voting begins on:
and prevention of associated risk(s)
Sécurité des machines — Identification de l’accès de l'ensemble
Voting terminates on:
du corps et prévention des risques associés
ICS: 13.110
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2025
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: [phone]
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
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Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Further symbols and abbreviated terms .4
3.2.1 Symbols.4
3.2.2 Abbreviated terms .4
4 Determining if whole body access exists . 4
4.1 General .4
4.2 Openings delimited by the protective structure .6
4.2.1 Access over protective structure(s) to the safeguarded space .6
4.2.2 Access around, through or under protective structure(s) to the safeguarded
space .6
4.3 Safeguarded space where persons can remain undetected.7
4.3.1 General .7
4.3.2 SPE with vertical detection zone .8
4.3.3 Interlocking guard .9
5 Risk reduction measures to minimize risks derived from whole body access .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Prevention of whole body access . . .11
5.2.1 Reduction of protective structure openings .11
5.2.2 Elimination of the possibility for persons to remain undetected.11
5.3 Isolation and energy dissipation .11
5.4 Presence sensing function.11
5.5 Presence-impeding obstacles .11
5.6 Manual reset function .11
5.6.1 General .11
5.6.2 Sequential time-limited manual resets . 12
5.7 Location of safety-related manual control devices . 12
5.8 Reset inhibit function . 12
5.8.1 General . 12
5.8.2 Proactive inhibit function . 12
5.8.3 Reactive inhibit function . 13
5.9 Initiation warning system . 13
5.10 Egress requirements .14
5.11 Information for use .14
Annex A (informative) Evaluating conditions for whole body access .16
Annex B (informative) Considerations to determine if persons can remain undetected within
the safeguarded space . 17
Annex C (informative) Considerations for risk reduction measures to address whole body
access . . 19
Annex D (informative) Further details on initiation warning systems .21
Annex E (informative) Explanations of the formulae and values used.24
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered .27
Bibliography .29

iii
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Introduction
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to all machinery;
b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one or more type(s) of
safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive
devices, guards);
c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This document is a type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance);
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate in the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and
built according to the requirements of that type-C standard, the following applies: if the requirements of
that type-C standard deviate from the requirements in type-B standards, the requirements of that type-C
standard take precedence over the provisions of other standards.
The effectiveness of certain measures described in this document to minimize or reduce risk relies, in part,
on the relevant parts of that equipment being correctly positioned in relation to the hazard zone. In deciding
on these positions, a number of aspects are taken into account, such as:
— the necessity of a risk assessment according to ISO 12100;
— the practical experience in the use of the machine;
— the bio-mechanical and anthropometric data;
— the possibility of undetected access to the hazard zone;
— the possible undetected presence of a person inside the safeguarded space and the hazard zone(s).

v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Safety of machinery — Identification of whole body access
and prevention of associated risk(s)
1 Scope
This document specifies the criteria to evaluate if whole body access exists in machinery and a methodology
to determine the requirements to reduce the associated risk(s).
Protection against the risks from hazards arising from emissions (e.g. the ejection of solid or fluid materials,
radiation, electric arcs, heat, noise, fumes, gases) are not covered by this document.
Protection against the risks from hazards arising from breaking of parts of the machine or gravity falls are
not covered by this document.
This document is applicable for risk reduction measures used on machinery for the protection of persons
14 years and older.
NOTE It is not practical to specify dimensions for all persons. Therefore, the values presented are intended to
th
cover the 5 through 95th percentile of the population.
This document does not apply to whole body access resulting from unreasonable misuse.
This document is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design
ISO 13855:2024, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach of the human body
ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and
lower limbs
ISO 14118, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
ISO 14119:2024, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection
ISO 20607, Safety of machinery — Instruction handbook — General drafting principles
1)
IEC 60204-1:2021 , Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
1) i.e. Edition 6.1 which combines IEC 60204-1:2016 and Amendment 1, AMD 1:2021.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
effective detection capability
d
e
sensing function parameter limit set by the integrator of the device that will cause its actuation
[SOURCE: ISO 13855:2024, 3.1.4]
3.1.2
electro-sensitive protective equipment
ESPE
assembly of devices and/or components working together for protective tripping or presence-sensing
purposes and comprising as a minimum:
— a sensing device,
— controlling/monitoring devices,
— output signal switching devices and/or a safety-related data interface.
Note 1 to entry: ESPE’s refer only to non-contact sensing devices.
[SOURCE: IEC 61496-1:2020, 3.5, modified – A new Note to entry has been introduced and the original Notes
1 and 2 to entry have been removed.]
3.1.3
detection zone
zone within which a specified test piece is detected by the sensitive protective equipment
Note 1 to entry: The detection zone can also be a point, line, plane or volume.
Note 2 to entry: ISO 13856-1 uses the term “effective sensing area” when describing pressure-sensitive mats and
floors. In this document, the terms “detection zone” and “effective sensing area” are used synonymously.
[SOURCE: ISO 13855:2024, 3.1.7, modified – “.or volume” has been added at the end of Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.4
presence sensing function
detection of the presence of a person, or a part of a person, to enable prevention of hazardous situations
[SOURCE: IEC 62046:2018, 3.1.32, modified – "while in a hazardous zone" and “such as unexpected/
unintended start-up of the machine” have been removed.]
3.1.5
separation distance
S
minimum distance required between the actuation position of the sensitive protective equipment and the
hazard zone to prevent the human body or its parts from reaching the hazard zone before achieving the
intended risk reduction
Note 1 to entry: Different separation distances can be determined for different conditions or approaches, but the
greatest of these separation distances is used for selecting the position of the safeguard.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Note 2 to entry: previously referred to as minimum distance.
[SOURCE: ISO 13855:2024, 3.1.8, modified – The wording “before the cessation of the hazardous machine
function” has been replaced by “before achieving the intended risk reduction. In Note 1 to entry “may” has
been replaced with “can”.]
3.1.6
reference plane
level at which persons would normally stand during the use of the machine or access to the hazard zone or
safety-related manual control device
Note 1 to entry: The reference plane is not necessarily the ground or the floor (for example, a working platform could
be the reference plane).
[SOURCE: ISO 13855:2024, 3.1.10]
3.1.7
reset function
a function within the SRP/CS used to restore one or more safety functions
3.1.8
restart interlock
means of preventing automatic restarting of a machine after actuation of a protective device during a
hazardous part of the machine operating cycle, after a change in mode of operation of the machine, and/or
after a change in the means of start control of the machine
Note 1 to entry: Modes of operation include inch, single stroke, automatic. Means of start control include foot switch,
two-hand control, and single or double actuation of the electro-sensitive protection equipment (ESPE) sensing device.
[SOURCE: IEC 61496-1:2020, 3.22, modified – “.the sensing device” has been replaced with “.a protective device]
3.1.9
span-of-control
predetermined portion of the machinery under control of a specific device or safety function
Note 1 to entry: A protective device could initiate a stop of a machine or a portion of a machine. For example, an
emergency stop pushbutton could cause a local stop or a global stop (see ISO 13850).
[SOURCE: ISO 11161:2007, 3.23, modified – Hyphens have been introduced to the term. “IMS” has been
replaced by “machinery” and “or safety function” has been added at the end of the definition. The given Note
to entry has been added.]
3.1.10
safeguarded space
area or volume enclosing a hazard zone(s) where guards, protective devices or both are intended to
protect persons
3.1.11
whole body access
situation where a person can be completely inside a safeguarded space
3.1.12
safety-related manual control device
SRMCD
control device which requires deliberate human action and whose actuation can result in an increase of
the risk(s)
Note 1 to entry: Examples include actuating devices such as pushbuttons, selector switches, or foot pedals designed
for functions such as reset, start/restart, unconditional guard unlocking or hold-to-run control (e.g. jog, inching).
Note 2 to entry: Safety-related manual control devices can be an integral part of the safeguard.
[SOURCE: ISO 13855:2024, 3.1.14, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
3.1.13
protective structure
safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine) which
restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones
[SOURCE: ISO 13857:2019, 3.1]
3.1.14
presence-impeding obstacle
physical obstruction which prevents a person from remaining inside an identified part of the safeguarded space
Note 1 to entry: A physical obstruction can be, for example, a part of a machine.
3.1.15
reactive inhibit function
function which interrupts the reset of the restart interlock function
3.1.16
proactive inhibit function
function which prevents the reset of the restart interlock function
3.2 Further symbols and abbreviated terms
3.2.1 Symbols
e opening size in protective structure
h height
w width
H height of presence-impeding obstacle
G distance from the detection zone to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle
D
G distance from the protective structure to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle
G
3.2.2 Abbreviated terms
CCTV closed-circuit television
ESPE electro-sensitive protective equipment
PL required performance level
r
SPE sensitive protective equipment (see ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.5)
SRMCD safety-related manual control device
SRP/CS safety-related part of a control system
4 Determining if whole body access exists
4.1 General
Determination of whole body access shall occur after applying safeguards according to ISO 12100 with
— separation distances according to ISO 13855;
— safety distances according to ISO 13857.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Exposure to a hazard represents a risk when a person gains access to a safeguarded space and the hazardous
machine function can resume while the person is undetected after access.
Whole body access exists when
— there is contact with the reference plane (e.g. climbing and jumping are not included), and
— no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to circumvent safeguards,
— openings are within reach from the reference plane, and
— openings have surfaces with sufficient strength to support the human body upon access.
For whole body access, both of the following parameters shall be considered:
a) an opening delimited by the protective structure (e.g. opening in a guard) which permits the entire
body to enter the area (see 4.2); and
NOTE 1 Openings in the protective structure can be necessary for the process or for tasks (e.g. openings for
material flow, access doors for maintenance tasks).
b) a space which permits a person to remain within the safeguarded space either undetected by the related
SPE or while the related interlocking guard is closed (see 4.3).
For further information see Annex A.
NOTE 2 Whole body access can result from the application of separation distance according to ISO 13855 or safety
distance according to ISO 13857.
Risks associated with whole body access are reasonably foreseeable when
a) intended use requires tasks to be performed inside the safeguarded space;
b) a task shall be performed inside a safeguarded space and no intended access is provided with adequate
risk reduction (e.g., an associated safety function);
c) entering through an opening is easier and faster than entering through an intended access point with
adequate risk reduction (e.g., interlocking guard or SPE);
d) there is a significant incentive to defeat risk reduction measures (see also ISO 12100:2010, 5.5.3.6) such as:
1) there is a need to perform a task that was not identified and assessed for hazards and associated risks;
2) the risk reduction measure(s):
i) prevents the task from being performed;
ii) negatively impacts production or interferes with other tasks or preferences of the operator;
iii) is difficult to use;
3) is not accepted as suitable, necessary, or appropriate for its function.
4) the risk reduction measure(s) and/or associated hazard(s) is not recognized as such by the operator;
5) additional personnel other than the intended operator(s) perform the task, for example:
i) operator resets the safety function(s) while maintenance personnel are inside the
safeguarded space;
ii) safeguards intended to protect an individual are inappropriately used for multiple operators.
NOTE 3 See also information on incentive to defeat from the Section on Machine and System Safety of the
International Social Security Association (IVSS).

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
Where risk(s) results due to whole body access, additional risk reduction measures shall be applied in
accordance with Clause 5.
4.2 Openings delimited by the protective structure
4.2.1 Access over protective structure(s) to the safeguarded space
Protective structures less than 1 000 mm in height shall not be used to prevent whole body access since they
do not sufficiently restrict movement of the body.
NOTE 1 See also Clause E.1 for explanation of the value.
NOTE 2 See ISO 13857:2019, 4.4.
4.2.2 Access around, through or under protective structure(s) to the safeguarded space
4.2.2.1 Openings of regular shape
The following opening dimensions established by protective structure(s) allow the entire body to enter the area:
— square or round openings with e > 240 mm;
— rectangular openings with h > 180 mm and w > 300 mm;
— rectangular openings with h > 800 mm and w > 180 mm.
NOTE See also Annex E for explanation of these values.
See Figure 1 for representation of measuring the opening dimensions.
For square or rectangular openings which are angled the requirements of 4.2.2.2 shall apply.
Key
e diameter of the round opening or dimension of square opening
h height of the rectangular opening
w width of the rectangular opening
Figure 1 — Openings of regular shape
The dimensions given consider reasonably foreseeable behaviour of persons. Smaller dimensions can allow
intentional whole body access but are not considered in this document.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
4.2.2.2 Openings of irregular shape
In the case of irregular openings, a circle with opening e of 240 mm and rectangle of 180 mm height and
300 mm width shall be tested in the irregular opening. Either that can be completely inserted into an
opening of irregular shape (see hatched area in Figure 2) allow whole body access.
The rectangular test piece shall be tested in all orientations within the opening of irregular shape.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Openings of irregular shape
4.3 Safeguarded space where persons can remain undetected
4.3.1 General
Hazardous situations where safety functions can be restored or re-enabled (reset) include but are not
limited to
— a person inside the safeguarded space but no longer being detected by the SPE (see 4.3.2),
— a person inside the safeguarded space with the interlocking guard(s) closed (see 4.3.3).
Presence-impeding obstacles can be present in the access opening, and therefore prevent the presence of a
person inside the safeguarded space. To be considered as presence-impeding obstacle(s), it shall
a) be at least as wide as the access opening to prevent standing beside,
b) have a lower edge at a height of less than 1 400 mm above the reference plane to prevent standing below, and
c) prevent bypassing by stepping on, passing under or around.
For further information see 5.5 and Annex B.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
4.3.2 SPE with vertical detection zone
4.3.2.1 General
The dimensions where a person can remain undetected within the safeguarded space where the SPE
detection zone is vertical are described in 4.3.2.2 and 4.3.2.3.
4.3.2.2 SPE with presence-impeding obstacle(s) at a height greater than or equal to 0 mm and less
than or equal to 1 000 mm
Where the nearest presence-impeding obstacle(s) is at a height H greater than or equal to 0 mm and less
than or equal to 1 000 mm above the reference plane, a person can be present when dimensions greater than
the value of G according to Formula (1) create a gap between the detection zone and the nearest presence-
D
impeding obstacle:
GH=()/152+ 5 (1)
D
where
H is the height of presence-impeding obstacle, in millimetres;
G is the distance from the detection zone to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle, in millimetres.
D
See Figure 3 and Clauses E.2 and E.3.
Key
1 hazard zone
2 presence-impeding obstacle
3 reference plane
4 SPE
H height of nearest presence-impeding obstacle
G distance from the detection zone to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle
D
Figure 3 — Relationship of SPE detection zone and whole body access
4.3.2.3 SPE with presence-impeding obstacle at a height greater than or equal to 1 000 mm and less
than or equal to 1 400 mm
Where the nearest presence-impeding obstacle is at a height H greater than 1 000 mm and less than or
equal to 1 400 mm above the reference plane, a person can be present when a distance G greater than
D
145 mm from the detection zone to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle creates a gap the whole body to
be present inside the safeguarded space.
See Table B.1.
ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
4.3.3 Interlocking guard
4.3.3.1 General
The dimensions that prevent a person remaining undetected within the safeguarded space upon closing an
interlocking guard are specified in 4.3.3.2 and 4.3.3.3.
The requirements given in 4.3.3.2 and 4.3.3.3 also apply where safeguarding consists of a combination of
fixed and movable guards.
4.3.3.2 Interlocking guard mounted with presence-impeding obstacle at a height greater than or
equal to 0 mm and less than or equal to 1 000 mm
Where the nearest presence-impeding obstacle is at a height H greater than or equal to 0 mm and less
than or equal to 1 000 mm above the reference plane, dimensions greater than the value of G according to
G
Formula (2) allow the whole body to be present between the interlocking guard and the nearest presence-
impeding obstacle:
GH= /15 (2)
G
where
H is the height of presence-impeding obstacle, in millimetres;
G is the distance from the protective structure (interlocking guard) to the presence-impeding obstacle,
G
in millimetres.
See Figure 4 and Clauses E.2 and E.4.
Key
1 hazard zone
2 presence-impeding obstacle
3 reference plane
4 interlocking guard in the closed position
H height of nearest presence-impeding obstacle
G distance from the protective structure to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle
G
Figure 4 — Relationship of interlocking guard position and whole body access
4.3.3.3 Interlocking guard with presence-impeding obstacle at a height greater than or equal to
1 000 mm and less than or equal to 1 400 mm
Where the nearest presence-impeding obstacle is at a height H greater than 1 000 mm and less than or equal
to 1 400 mm above the reference plane, a person can be present when a distance greater than 120 mm from

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
the interlocking guard to the nearest presence-impeding obstacle G that creates a gap the whole body to be
G
present inside the safeguarded space.
See Table B.1.
5 Risk reduction measures to minimize risks derived from whole body access
5.1 General
To reduce risk(s) derived from whole body access, at least one of the following risk reduction measures a), b),
c) or d) shall be selected according to the risk assessment:
a) prevention of whole body access by reducing openings which allow physical access according to 5.2.1 or
elimination of the possibility for presence within the safeguarded space according to 5.2.2.
b) provision of means for isolation and dissipation of hazardous energies when a task can be performed
without energization according to 5.3;
c) presence sensing function by means of SPE according to 5.4, and if some locations within the safeguarded
space are not covered by this SPE, at least one of the following measures shall be applied:
1) additional SPE to provide presence sensing function within the entire safeguarded space that allows
whole body access;
2) presence-impeding obstacle(s) to force part(s) of the body of the person into the detection zone of
the SPE(s) according to 5.5; or
3) manual reset of the restart interlock which is initiated when a person is not continuously detected
inside the safeguarded space according to 5.1 d).
NOTE In some situations, the application of only one of these measures cannot be sufficient and additional
measures can be required (e.g. a person can leave the detection zone of the additional SPE in the direction of the
machine, such as by climbing onto the machine).
d) manual reset function according to 5.6 and the following:
1) location of SRMCD(s) according to 5.7;
2) when a person can be inside safeguarded space and is not visible from the manual reset device
location, one or more of the following shall be provided:
i) sequential time-limited reset function according to 5.6.2;
ii) presence sensing function according to 5.4;
iii) means to ensure visibility of a person within the span-of-control (e.g. presence-impeding
obstacles according to 5.5, mirrors or vision systems, such as video monitoring or CCTV);
iv) inhibit functions according to 5.8.
If a proactive inhibit function according to 5.8.2 is not feasible and a reactive inhibit function according to
5.8.3 is provided, an initiation warning system shall also be applied according to 5.9.
For further information see Annex C.
In addition to one or more of the risk reduction measures a) to d), at least one of the following measures
shall be applied when a person can be trapped inside the safeguarded space:
— proactive inhibit functions according to 5.8.2 that provides the capability that prevents a person being
trapped inside the safeguarded space;
— means of egress associated with interlocking guards according to 5.10.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
When risk reduction measures of this subclause provide additional requirements for specific safety functions
that are commonly applied in many SRP/CS, the required performance level (PL ) shall be determined and
r
applied according to ISO 13849-1. The performance level of the safety function to address whole body access
can be different from the PL of the safety function associated with safeguards defining the safeguarded space.
r
5.2 Prevention of whole body access
5.2.1 Reduction of protective structure openings
When applied, protective structure(s) shall prevent access of persons in accordance with 4.2.1 and 4.2.2.
5.2.2 Elimination of the possibility for persons to remain undetected
When applied, the dimensions of the safeguarded space shall eliminate the possibility of undetected
presence of persons in accordance with 4.3.
5.3 Isolation and energy dissipation
Prevention of unexpected start-up utilizing isolation and energy dissipation shall be in accordance with
ISO 14118.
5.4 Presence sensing function
When applied, presence sensing function by means of SPE shall prevent a restart of hazardous machinery
functions when a person is in the detection zone.
NOTE As described in ISO 13855:2024, Clause 1, separation distances do not apply when the SPE is used solely to
prevent start or restart of the hazard.
5.5 Presence-impeding obstacles
When applied, presence-impeding obstacles shall prevent persons from remaining undetected or not visible
from the manual reset control device location.
NOTE Examples of presence-impeding obstacles include the following:
— sloping surfaces with a typical angle of 60° (minimum angle of 45°, depending on surface material) to lessen the
possibility of using the surface to walk or stand upon;
— impeding devices or fixed elements (such as bars, shelves, tables) to guide a portion of the human body into the
detection zone of the SPE.
5.6 Manual reset function
5.6.1 General
Where a safeguard initiates a safety function by providing a stop command, unexpected start-up shall be
prevented. This can be achieved by maintaining the stop command until conditions exist where a restart
does not result in a hazardous situation (e.g. no persons present in the safeguarded space). Where such a
restart interlock of the safety function is applied, a separate, manual and deliberate action (manual reset)
shall be required for the cancellation of the stop command.
Any accessible location within the entire safeguarded space associated with the span-of-control of the
manual reset device shall be visible from the manual reset device location, otherwise, see 5.1 d) 2).
A manual reset device should be located near the intended access point(s) to the safeguarded space.
The number and location of manual reset devices required for the application shall be determined.
NOTE Performing a layout analysis can be useful to determine the number and location of manual reset devices.

ISO/DIS 12895.2:2025(en)
If multiple manual reset devices can individually reset the span-of-control, any accessible location within
the span-of-control shall be visible from each manual reset device location.
5.6.2 Sequential time-limited manual resets
When sequential time-limited manual reset is applied, the locations of the manual reset devices shall
sequentially provide the visibility of the entire safeguarded space associated with the span-of-control of the
reset function. All manual reset devices assigned to a specific sequential time-limited manual reset function
shall be designed to require actuation in the specified sequence and time limit(s) to ensure visibility of
accessible locations within the safeguarded space before enabling the restart function.
The time, sequence, location, and orientation of the manual reset devices shall be determined. Only the final
manual reset device in a given sequence is required to be located outside the
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