EN 459-1:2001
(Main)Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
This European Standard applies to building limes used as binders for preparation of mortar (for masonry, rendering and
plastering) and production of other construction products.
It gives definitions for the different types of building limes and their classification. It also gives requirements for their
chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of building lime and specifies the conformity criteria.
Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and
the purchaser of lime, are outside the scope of this European Standard.
NOTE Additional requirements are needed in special applications e. g. civil engineering.
Baukalk - Teil 1: Definitionen, Anforderungen und Konformitätskriterien
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Baukalke, die als Bindemittel für die Herstellung von Mörtel (Mauermörtel und
Putzmörtel für Außen- und Innenputz) sowie die Herstellung anderer Bauprodukte verwendet werden.
Sie enthält Definitionen der verschiedenen Baukalkarten und deren Klassifizierung. Sie enthält darüber hinaus die
Anforderungen an die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften, die von der jeweiligen Baukalkart abhängig
sind, und legt die Konformitätskriterien für Baukalk fest.
Lieferbedingungen und andere Vertragsvereinbarungen, die üblicherweise in den zwischen dem Lieferanten und dem
Käufer von Baukalk ausgetauschten Dokumenten enthalten sind, gehören nicht zum Anwendungsbereich dieser
Europäischen Norm.
ANMERKUNG Für besondere Anwendungen, z.B. im Tiefbau sind zusätzliche Anforderungen erforderlich.
Chaux de construction - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et critères de conformité
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux chaux de construction utilisées comme liants, pour préparer des mortiers pour maçonneries, enduits intérieurs et extérieurs, ainsi que pour fabriquer d'autres produits de construction.
Elle donne une définition des différents types de chaux de construction ainsi que leur classification. Elle prescrit également des exigences concernant leurs propriétés chimiques et physiques, celles-ci étant fonction du type de chaux de construction, et spécifie les critères de conformité.
Les modalités de livraison ou autres conditions contractuelles faisant normalement partie des documents échangés entre fournisseur et acheteur de la chaux, n'entrent pas dans le cadre de la présente Norme européenne.
NOTE Des exigences supplémentaires sont nécessaires dans des applications spéciales, génie civil, par exemple.
Gradbeno apno – 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in merila skladnosti
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteriaGradbeno apno – 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in merila skladnostiChaux de construction - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et criteres de conformitéBaukalk - Teil 1: Definitionen, Anforderungen und KonformitätskriterienTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 459-1:2001SIST EN 459-1:2002en91.100.1001.040.91ICS:SIST ENV 459-1:19961DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 459-1:200201-april-2002
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 459-1October 2001ICS 01.040.91; 91.100.10Supersedes ENV 459-1:1994English versionBuilding lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformitycriteriaChaux de construction - Partie 1: Définitions, spécificationset critères de conformitéBaukalk - Teil 1: Definitionen, Anforderungen undKonformitätskriterienThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 459-1:2001 E
EN 459-1:2001 (E)ContentsPageForeword. 3Introduction. 31Scope. 32Normative references. 43Terms and definitions. 44Types of building lime. 54.1Classification. 54.2Standard designation. 64.3Chemical requirements. 74.4Standard strength requirements and other physical properties. 74.5Durability requirements. 85Conformity criteria. 105.1General requirements. 105.2Conformity requirements. 10Annex A (informative) Schematic diagram for the types of limes and fields of application. 13Annex B (normative) Statistical evaluation methods for strength, physical and chemical properties. 14Annex C (informative) Additional properties for building lime. 19Annex ZA (informative) Provisions for the CE marking of building limes under the Construction Product Directive. 20Bibliography.242
EN 459-1:2001 (E)ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 "Cement and building limes", thesecretariat of which is held by IBN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or byendorsement, at the latest by April 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July2003.This European Standard supersedes ENV 459-1:1994.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.The European Standard EN 459 for building lime consists of the following parts:Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria;Part 2: Test methods;Part 3: Conformity evaluation.The requirements in EN 459-1:2001 are based on the results of tests on building lime according to EN 459-2:2001.Annex A and C are informative. Annex B is normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countriesare bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland andthe United Kingdom.IntroductionThe preparation of a European Standard for building lime was initiated by Resolution No 107 taken by CEN/TC 51"Cement and building limes" in 1988.Different sources of raw materials and different climatic conditions have led to different developments in buildingpractices and materials and therefore to different kinds of building lime in different regions of Europe.An attempt has been made to include all the different types of building lime which exist in Europe in this EuropeanStandard. To this end, it was necessary to establish a number of classes.When mixed with water, building limes form a paste that improves the workability (values of flow and penetration) andwater retention of mortars. The carbonation of hydrates in contact with atmospheric carbon dioxide provides thestrength and durability of masonry mortars containing building lime. In lime mortars a recrystallisation of calciumcarbonate occurs (this property is called "self healing").The previous national standards for building limes generally also formed the basis for other areas of application (seeAnnex A (informative)). The classification chosen therefore also attempts to take into consideration these circumstancesas far as possible.1ScopeThis European Standard applies to building limes used as binders for preparation of mortar (for masonry, rendering andplastering) and production of other construction products.It gives definitions for the different types of building limes and their classification. It also gives requirements for theirchemical and physical properties which depend on the type of building lime and specifies the conformity criteria.Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier andthe purchaser of lime, are outside the scope of this European Standard.NOTE Additional requirements are needed in special applications e. g. civil engineering.3
EN 459-1:2001 (E)2Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For datedreferences, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referredto applies (including amendments).EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength.EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement.EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement - Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness.EN 196-7, Method of testing cement – Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement.EN 459-2:2001, Building lime – Part 2: Test methods.EN 459-3:2001, Building lime – Part 3: Conformity evaluation.3Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard the following definitions and abbreviations apply. (Further information seeannex A (informative)).3.1 limematerial comprising any physical and chemical forms under which calcium and/or magnesium oxide (CaO and MgO) and/orhydroxide (Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2) can appear3.2building limeslimes used in building construction and civil engineering. It includes all the types given in Table 13.3air limes1)limes mainly consisting of calcium oxide or hydroxide which slowly harden in air by reacting with atmospheric carbondioxide. Generally they do not harden under water as they have no hydraulic properties. They may be eitherquicklimes (3.4) or hydrated limes (3.5)3.4quicklimes (Q)air limes mainly consisting of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide produced by calcination of limestone and/or dolomiterock. They have an exothermic reaction when in contact with water. They are offered in varying sizes ranging fromlumps to ground powder materials. They include calcium limes (3.6) and dolomitic limes (3.7)3.5hydrated limes (S)air limes, calcium limes or dolomitic limes, resulting from the controlled slaking of quicklimes. They are produced in theform of a dry powder or putty or as a slurry (milk of lime)3.6calcium limes (CL)limes mainly consisting of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide without any additions of hydraulic or pozzolanic materialsNOTE
Shell limes are hydrated calcium limes produced by calcination of shells followed by slaking.Carbide limes are hydrated calcium limes which are a by-product of the manufacture of acetylene from calcium carbide.
1)
Translation of a term used in most European countries.4
EN 459-1:2001 (E)3.7dolomitic limes (DL)limes mainly consisting of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide or calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide withoutany additions of hydraulic or pozzolanic materials3.8semi-hydrated dolomitic limeshydrated dolomitic limes mainly consisting of calcium hydroxide and magnesium oxide3.9completely hydrated dolomitic limeshydrated dolomitic limes mainly consisting of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide3.10 natural hydraulic limes (NHL)3.10.1natural hydraulic limeslimes produced by burning of more or less argillaceous or siliceous limestones with reduction to powder by slaking withor without grinding. All NHL have the property of setting and hardening under water. Atmospheric carbon dioxidecontributes to the hardening process3.10.2natural hydraulic limes with additional material (Z)NHL see 3.10.1. Special products may contain added suitable pozzolanic or hydraulic materials, up to 20 % by mass,are additionally designated by "Z"3.11hydraulic limes (HL)limes mainly consisting of calcium hydroxide, calcium silicates and calcium aluminates produced by mixing of suitablematerials. They have the property of setting and hardening under water. Atmospheric carbon dioxide contributes to thehardening process4Types of building lime4.1ClassificationAir limes shall be classified according to their (CaO + MgO) content and hydraulic limes according to their compressivestrength given in Table 1 (see annex A).Table 1 – Types of building limeaDesignationNotationCalcium lime 90CL 90Calcium lime 80CL 80Calcium lime 70CL 70Dolomitic limes 85DL 85Dolomitic limes 80DL 80Hydraulic lime 2HL 2Hydraulic lime 3,5HL 3,5Hydraulic lime 5HL 5Natural hydraulic lime 2NHL 2Natural hydraulic lime 3,5NHL 3,5Natural hydraulic lime 5NHL 5aIn addition, air limes are classified according to their conditions of delivery,quicklime (Q) or hydrated lime (S). In the particular case of hydrated dolo-mitic limes, the degree of hydration is identified S1: semi hydrated; S2:completely hydrated.5
EN 459-1:2001 (E)This classification refers to minimum requirements for each type (see Tables 2 and 3). Compliance with theserequirements is assessed by means of statistical quality control as described in clause 5 of this European Standard.4.2Standard designationBuilding limes shall be identified by their type specified in Table 1. Aditionally air limes shall also be identified by theirconditions of delivery (quicklime or hydrated lime, see examples below).EXAMPLE 1Calcium lime 90 in the form of quicklimes is identified byEN 459-1 CL 90-QEXAMPLE 2Calcium lime 80 in the form of hydrated lime (slaked) is identified byEN 459-1 CL 80-SEXAMPLE 3Dolomitic lime 85 in the form of semi hydrated lime is identified byEN 459-1 DL 85-S1EXAMPLE 4Hydraulic lime 5 is identified byEN 459-1 HL 5EXAMPLE 5Natural hydraulic lime 3,5 with pozzolanic addition is identified byEN 459-1 NHL 3,5-Z6
EN 459-1:2001 (E)4.3Chemical requirementsThe composition of the building lime shall comply with the values in Table 2 when tested in accordance withEN 459-2:2001. All types of lime listed in Table 2 may contain additives in small quantities to improve the manufactureor properties of building lime. When the content exceeds 0,1 %, the actual amount and types shall be declared. Table 2 – Chemical requirements of limeaType of buildinglimeCaO + MgOMgOCO2SO3Availablelime1CL 90³ 90£ 5c£ 4£ 2–2CL 80³ 80£ 5c£ 7£ 2–3CL 70³ 70£ 5£ 12£ 2–4DL 85³ 85³ 30£ 7£ 2–5DL 80³ 80³ 5£ 7£ 2–6HL 2–––£ 3b³ 87HL 3,5–––£ 3b³ 68HL 5–––£ 3b³ 39NHL 2–––£ 3b³ 1510NHL 3,5–––£ 3b³ 911NHL 5–––£ 3b³ 3NOTE
The values are applicable to all kinds of lime. For quicklime these values correspond to thefinished product; for all other kinds of lime (hydrated lime, lime putty and hydraulic limes) the valuesare based on the product after subtraction of its free water and bound water content.aValues given in percent by mass.bSO3 content of more than 3 % and up to 7 % is permissible, if soundness is demonstrated at28 days of water curing using a test given in EN 196-2.cMgO content up to 7 % is acceptable if a soundness test given in 5.3 of EN 459-2:2001 ispassed.4.4Standard strength requirements and other physical properties4.4.1Standard strength requirements for hydraulic limeThe standard strengths of the types of hydraulic lime and natural hydraulic lime are the compressive strengthsdetermined in accordance with EN 459-2:2001 after 28 days and shall have the values given in Table 3.Table 3 – Compressive strength of hydraulic lime and natural hydraulic limeType of building limeCompressive strengthMPa7 days28 daysHL 2 and NHL 2-³ 2 to £ 7HL 3,5 and NHL 3,5-³ 3,5 to £ 10HL 5 and NHL 5³ 2
³ 5 to £ 15aaHL 5 and NHL 5 with a bulk density lower than 0,90 kg/dm³ is allowed tohave a strength up to 20 MPa.7
EN 459-1:2001 (E)NOTE
It is known, that mortars containing lime binders also acquire compressive strength which increase slowly withcarbonation.4.4.2Other physical properties for quicklimes and hydrated LimesPhysical properties in Table 4 and 5 of building limes shall comply with the relevant values given therein when testedin accordance with EN 459-2:2001. Table 4 – Physical requirements of quicklimeType of building limeSoundness after slakingain accordance with 5.3.3of EN 459-2:2001bYield in accordancewith 5.9 ofEN 459-2:2001bdm³/10 kg1CL 90pass³ 262CL 803CL 704DL 85pass–5DL 80pass–aSlaking according to instructions of the lime producer.bThese requirements apply to building lime for masonry mortar, plastering and rende-ring.4.4.3
Additional propertiesOther properties, also determined in accordance with EN 459-2:2001, may be subject either to requirements inexecution standards dealing with the use of limes or to queries from the users. These properties are given in theinformative annex C.4.5Durability requirementsIn many applications, particularly in severe environmental conditions, the choice of building limes has an influence onthe durability of mortar and other construction products, e. g. frost resistance and chemical resistance.The choice of building lime, from this European Standard, particularly as regards type and strength class for differentapplications and exposure classes shall follow the appropriate standards and/or regulations for mortar and otherconstruction products valid in the place of use.8
EN 459-1:2001 (E)Table 5 – Physical requirements of hydrated calcium and dolomitic limes, lime putty, hydraulic lime and natural hydraulic limesgType ofbuildinglimeFinenessfFree watercontentaSoundnessb dMortar testse fSetting timesFor building limes other than limeputty and hydrated dolomitic limescFor lime puttyand hydrateddolomitic limesPenetrationAir contentinitialfinalhin accordancewith 5.2 of EN 459-2:2001% residue by massin accordancewith 5.11 of EN 459-2:2001Reference me-thod in accor-dancewith 5.3.2.1 of EN 459-2:2001Alternativemethod in ac-cordancewith 5.3.2.2 of EN 459-2:2001in accordancewith 5.3.3 of EN 459-2:2001in accordancewith 5.5 of EN 459-2:2001in accordancewith 5.7 ofEN 459-2:2001in accordance with 5.4 ofEN 459-2:20010,09 mm0,2 mm%mmmmmm%h1CL 90£ 7£ 2£ 2£ 2£ 20pass> 10
and< 50£ 12—2CL 803CL 704DL 85——5DL 806HL 2£ 15£ 5£ 2£ 2£ 20—£ 20> 1£ 157HL 3,58HL 59NHL 210NHL 3,511NHL 5aFor lime putty: free water content £ 70 % and ³ 45 %.bSee 5.3 of EN 459-2:2001.cFor hydraulic limes and natural hydraulic limes with a SO3 content of more than 3 % and up to 7 %, soundness is tested additionally in accordance with 5.3.2.3 ofEN 459-2:2001.dAdditionally hydrated calcium limes, calcium lime putties and hydrated dolomitic limes which include grains larger than 0,2 mm shall be sound when tested in accordancewith 5.3.4 of EN 459-2:2001.eUsing standard mortar in accordance with 5.5.1 of EN 459-2:2001.fNot for lime putty.gFineness and free water content apply to building lime for all applications. Soundness, penetration, air content and setting time apply only to building lime for masonrymortar, plastering and rendering.hDoes not apply to HL 2 and NHL 2.9
EN 459-1:2001 (E)5Conformity criteria5.1
General requirementsConformity of building lime with this standard shall be continuously evaluated on the basis of testing of spot samples.The properties to be tested, test methods and the minimum testing frequencies for each type and classification ofbuilding lime as detailed in Table 1 for the autocontrol testing by the manufacturer are specified in Table 6.The declaration of conformity by the manufacturer, shall be based on the evaluation of conformity of building limewith this European Standard according to the scheme specified in EN 459-3:2001.NOTE Requirements for the EC declaration of conformity which the manufacturer must have available under the CEmarking procedure are established in annex ZA and should not be confused with other types of declaration of conformity.5.2
Conformity requirementsSampling shall take place at the points of release of the building lime.Conformity of building lime with the requirements concerning strength, physical and chemical properties in thisstandard is assumed if the requirements in Tables 2 through 5 are met. The requirements in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5shall be taken as absolute values.The evaluation procedure depends on the frequency of testing during the control period of 12 months. If the numberof samples is at least 1 per week, the evaluation may be statistical (characteristic values) (see annex B).Statistical evaluation is normally by attributes (see Table 6 and B.4). If the data are normally distributed, theevaluation may be made by variables (see Table 6 and B.3).NOTE This standard does not deal with acceptance inspection at delivery.10
EN 459-1:2001 (E)Table 6 – Properties, test methods and minimum testing frequenciesa for the autocontrol testing by themanufacturerMinimum frequency of testing by manufacturerAutocontrol testingPropertyType of buildinglimebTest methodto be usedcRegulard(see 5.2.1)InitialtypetestingkInspectionbyvariablesgInspection byattributesh12345677 day strengthHL 5NHL 5EN 459-2:20012/month2/weekX28 day strengthall HL and NHLEN 459-2:20012/month2/weekXFinenessHydrated limesall HL and NHLEN 459-2:20011/day2/dayXSoundnessQuicklimeseHydrated limesHL 2; HL 3,5NHL 2; NHL 3,5EN 459-2:20011/dayf2/dayXLime puttyHL 5; NHL 5EN 459-2:20011/week2/weekXSetting timeall HL and NHLEN 196-31/month2/monthXPenetration/Water demandHydrated limesall HL and NHLEN 459-2:20011/monthj2/monthjCaO + MgO,MgOQuicklimesHydrated limesLime puttyEN 459-2:20011/month2/monthXCO2QuicklimesHydrated limesLime puttyEN 459-2:20011/week2/weekXSO3QuicklimesHydrated limesLime puttyEN 196-21/month2/monthXall HL and NHLEN 196-21/month2/monthXAvailable limeall HLEN 459-2:20011/month2/monthXall NHLEN 459-2:20011/week2/weekXFree waterHydrated limesLime puttyall HL; NHLEN 459-2:20011/month2/monthXAir contentall HL and NHLEN 459-2:20011/week2/weekX(to be continued)11
EN 459-1:2001 (E)Table 6 (concluded)PropertyType of building limebTest method to be usedcMinimum f
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