EN ISO 22232-2:2020
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes (ISO 22232-2:2020)
This document specifies the characteristics of probes used for non-destructive ultrasonic testing in the following categories with centre frequencies in the range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, focusing or without focusing means:
a) single- or dual-transducer contact probes generating longitudinal and/or transverse waves;
b) single-transducer immersion probes.
Where material-dependent ultrasonic values are specified in this document they are based on steels having a sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 ± 30) m/s for transverse waves.
This document excludes periodic tests for probes. Routine tests for the verification of probes using on-site procedures are given in ISO 22232-3.
If parameters in addition to those specified in ISO 22232-3 are to be verified during the probe's life time, as agreed upon by the contracting parties, the procedures of verification for these additional parameters can be selected from those given in this document.
This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array probes, therefore see ISO 18563-2.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung und Verifizierung der Ultraschall-Prüfausrüstung - Teil 2: Prüfköpfe (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt die Merkmale von Prüfköpfen für die zerstörungsfreie Ultraschallprüfung mit Mittenfrequenzen im Bereich von 0,5 MHz bis 15 MHz, fokussierend oder ohne fokussierende Vorrichtungen in den folgenden Kategorien fest:
a) Einschwinger- oder SE-Prüfköpfe (en: single- or dual-transducer contact probes) für den direkten Kontakt, die Longitudinal- und/oder Transversal¬wellen erzeugen;
b) Tauchtechnik-Prüfköpfe mit einem Schwinger (en: single-transducer immersion probes).
Wenn werkstoffabhängige Ultraschallwerte in diesem Dokument festgelegt werden, beruhen sie auf Stahl mit einer Schallgeschwindigkeit von (5 920 ± 50) m/s für Longitudinalwellen und von (3 255 ± 30) m/s für Transversalwellen.
Dieses Dokument schließt wiederkehrenden Überprüfungen für Prüfköpfe aus. Routinemäßige Kontrollen zur Verifizierung von Prüfköpfen mit Verfahren, die am Prüfort angewendet werden, sind in ISO 22232 3 aufgeführt.
Wenn mit Zustimmung der Vertragspartner zusätzlich zu den in ISO 22232 3 aufgeführten Parametern auch noch zusätzliche Parameter während der Lebensdauer des Prüfkopfes verifiziert werden müssen, so können die Verfahren zur Verifizierung für diese zusätzlichen Parameter aus den in diesem Dokument aufgeführten Verfahren ausgewählt werden.
Dieses Dokument schließt Ultraschallgeräte mit phasengesteuerten Arrays aus, siehe dazu ISO 18563 2.
Essais non destructifs - Caractérisation et vérification de l'appareillage de contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 2: Traducteurs (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques des traducteurs utilisés pour les contrôles non destructifs par ultrasons appartenant aux catégories suivantes, de fréquence centrale comprise entre 0,5 MHz et 15 MHz, avec ou sans focalisation:
a) traducteurs à contact à transducteur simple ou à émetteur et récepteur séparés, générant des ondes longitudinales et/ou transversales;
b) traducteurs pour contrôle en immersion à transducteur simple.
Lorsque des valeurs ultrasonores dépendantes du matériau sont spécifiées dans le présent document, elles sont basées sur des aciers dont la vitesse de l'onde ultrasonore est de (5 920 ± 50) m/s pour les ondes longitudinales, et de (3 255 ± 30) m/s pour les ondes transversales.
Le présent document exclut les essais périodiques pour les traducteurs. Les essais de routine pour la vérification des traducteurs à l'aide de modes opératoires sur site sont décrits dans l'ISO 22232-3.
Si d'autres paramètres que ceux spécifiés dans l'ISO 22232-3 doivent être vérifiés pendant la durée de vie du traducteur, suivant ce qui a été convenu entre les parties contractantes, les modes opératoires de vérification de ces paramètres supplémentaires peuvent être sélectionnés parmi celles décrites dans le présent document.
Le présent document exclut également les traducteurs par ultrasons en multiéléments; par conséquent, voir l'ISO 18563-2.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Ugotavljanje značilnosti in overjanje naprav za ultrazvočno preskušanje - 2. del: Preskuševalne glave (ISO 22232-2:2020)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12668-2:2011
Neporušitvene preiskave - Ugotavljanje značilnosti in overjanje naprav za
ultrazvočno preskušanje - 2. del: Preskuševalne glave (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment -
Part 2: Probes (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung und Verifizierung der Ultraschall-
Prüfausrüstung - Teil 2: Prüfköpfe (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Essais non destructifs - Caractérisation et vérification de l'appareillage de contrôle par
ultrasons - Partie 2: Traducteurs (ISO 22232-2:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22232-2:2020
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 22232-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 12668-2:2010
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification
of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes (ISO 22232-
2:2020)
Essais non destructifs - Caractérisation et vérification Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung und
de l'appareillage de contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 2: Verifizierung der Ultraschall-Prüfausrüstung - Teil 2:
Traducteurs (ISO 22232-2:2020) Prüfköpfe (ISO 22232-2:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 September 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22232-2:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22232-2:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-
destructive testing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12668-2:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22232-2:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22232-2:2020 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22232-2
First edition
2020-09
Non-destructive testing —
Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 2:
Probes
Essais non destructifs — Caractérisation et vérification de
l'appareillage de contrôle par ultrasons —
Partie 2: Traducteurs
Reference number
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 3
5 General requirements of conformity . 4
6 Technical information for probes . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Probe data sheet . 5
6.3 Probe test report . 5
7 Test equipment. 7
7.1 Electronic equipment . 7
7.2 Test blocks and other equipment . 7
8 Performance requirements for probes .15
8.1 Physical aspects .15
8.1.1 Procedure .15
8.1.2 Acceptance criterion .15
8.2 Pulse shape, amplitude and duration .15
8.2.1 Procedure .15
8.2.2 Acceptance criterion .16
8.3 Frequency spectrum and bandwidth .17
8.3.1 Procedure .17
8.3.2 Acceptance criteria .17
8.4 Pulse-echo sensitivity .17
8.4.1 Procedure .17
8.4.2 Acceptance criterion .18
8.5 Distance-amplitude curve .18
8.5.1 General.18
8.5.2 Procedure .18
8.5.3 Acceptance criterion .20
8.6 Beam parameters for immersion probes .20
8.6.1 General.20
8.6.2 Beam profile — Measurements performed directly on the beam.21
8.6.3 Beam profile — Measurements made using an automated scanning system .28
8.7 Beam parameters for straight-beam single-transducer contact probes .30
8.7.1 General.30
8.7.2 Beam divergence and side lobes .31
8.7.3 Squint angle and offset for straight-beam probes .32
8.7.4 Focal distance (near field length) .33
8.7.5 Focal width .33
8.7.6 Length of the focal zone .34
8.8 Beam parameters for angle-beam single-transducer contact probes .34
8.8.1 General.34
8.8.2 Index point .34
8.8.3 Beam angle and beam divergence.35
8.8.4 Squint angle and offset for angle-beam probes .38
8.8.5 Focal distance (near field length) .41
8.8.6 Focal width .42
8.8.7 Length of the focal zone .42
8.9 Beam parameters for straight-beam dual-transducer contact probes .43
8.9.1 General.43
8.9.2 Delay line delay path .43
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
8.9.3 Focal distance .43
8.9.4 Axial sensitivity range (focal zone) .43
8.9.5 Lateral sensitivity range (focal width) .44
8.10 Beam parameters for angle-beam dual-transducer contact probes .45
8.10.1 General.45
8.10.2 Index point .45
8.10.3 Beam angle and profiles .45
8.10.4 Wedge delay path .46
8.10.5 Distance to sensitivity maximum (focal distance) .46
8.10.6 Axial sensitivity range (length of the focal zone).46
8.10.7 Lateral sensitivity range (focal width) .46
8.11 Crosstalk .47
8.11.1 Procedure .47
8.11.2 Acceptance criterion .47
Annex A (normative) Calculation of the near field length of non-focusing probes .48
Annex B (informative) Calibration block for angle-beam probes .51
Annex C (informative) Determination of delay line and wedge delays .55
Bibliography .56
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee
SC 3, Ultrasonic testing, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22232 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Non-destructive testing — Characterization and
verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 2:
Probes
1 Scope
This document specifies the characteristics of probes used for non-destructive ultrasonic testing in the
following categories with centre frequencies in the range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, focusing or without
focusing means:
a) single- or dual-transducer contact probes generating longitudinal and/or transverse waves;
b) single-transducer immersion probes.
Where material-dependent ultrasonic values are specified in this document they are based on
steels having a sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 ± 30) m/s for
transverse waves.
This document excludes periodic tests for probes. Routine tests for the verification of probes using on-
site procedures are given in ISO 22232-3.
If parameters in addition to those specified in ISO 22232-3 are to be verified during the probe’s life
time, as agreed upon by the contracting parties, the procedures of verification for these additional
parameters can be selected from those given in this document.
This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array probes, therefore see ISO 18563-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Vocabulary
ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 2
ISO 22232-1, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 1: Instruments
ISO/IEC 17050-1, Conformity assessment — Supplier's declaration of conformity — Part 1: General
requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5577 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
3.1
horizontal plane
plane perpendicular to the vertical plane (3.7) of the sound beam including the
beam axis in the material
3.2
peak-to-peak amplitude
difference between the highest positive and the lowest negative amplitude in a pulse
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
h peak-to-peak amplitude
L pulse duration
Figure 1 — Typical ultrasonic pulse
3.3
probe data sheet
document giving manufacturer's technical specifications of the same type of probes, i.e. probes
manufactured in series
Note 1 to entry: The data sheet does not necessarily need to be a test certificate of performance.
Note 2 to entry: For individually designed or manufactured probes, some parameters may not be accurately
known before manufacturing.
3.4
probe test report
document showing compliance with this document giving the measured values of the required
parameters of one specific probe, including test equipment and conditions
3.5
reference side
right side of an angle-beam probe looking in the direction of the beam, unless otherwise specified by
the manufacturer
3.6
squint angle for straight-beam probes
deviation between the beam axis and the line perpendicular to the coupling surface at the point of
incidence
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Key
1 ultrasonic straight-beam probe e offset
2 EMA receiver δ squint angle for straight-beam probes
3 echo point X , Y coordinates of the centre of the probe
c c
4 hemicylindrical test block X coordinate of EMA receiver
m
Y coordinate of the centre of the block
m
Figure 2 — Squint angle and offset for a straight-beam probe
3.7
vertical plane
plane through the beam axis of a sound beam in the probe wedge and the beam
axis in the test object
3.8
wear allowance
maximum wear of the probe contact surface which does not affect the performance of the probe
Note 1 to entry: Wear allowance is typically expressed in millimetres.
4 Symbols
Symbol Unit Meaning
L us Pulse duration
h V Peak-to-peak amplitude
f Hz Centre frequency
o
f Hz Upper cut-off frequency
u
f Hz Lower cut-off frequency
l
Δf Hz Bandwidth
Δf % Relative bandwidth
rel
S dB Pulse-echo sensitivity
N mm Near field length
F mm Focal distance
D
F mm Length of focal zone at −6 dB using a reflector or −3 dB using a hydrophone
L
Z mm Focal point
P
W mm Focal width on X-axis
x
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Symbol Unit Meaning
W mm Focal width on Y-axis
y
° Angle of beam divergence in X direction
Ω
X
° Angle of beam divergence in Y direction
Ω
Y
X mm Probe index point
α ° Beam angle
δ ° Squint angle for straight-beam probes
5 General requirements of conformity
An ultrasonic probe complies with this document if it fulfils all of the following requirements:
a) the probe shall comply with Clause 8;
b) a declaration of conformity according to ISO/IEC 17050-1 shall be available;
c) the ultrasonic probe shall be clearly marked to identify the manufacturer, and carry a unique serial
number or show a permanent reference number from which information can be traced to the data
sheet and probe test report;
d) a probe data sheet corresponding to the ultrasonic probe shall be available, which defines the
performance criteria for the items given in Clause 6;
e) a probe test report shall be delivered together with the probe, which includes at least the test
results given in Clause 6.
Table 1 summarises the tests to be performed on ultrasonic probes.
Table 1 — List of tests for ultrasonic probes
Manufacturer’s tests
Title of test
Subclause
Physical aspects 8.1
Pulse shape, amplitude and duration 8.2
Frequency spectrum and bandwidth 8.3
Pulse-echo sensitivity 8.4
Distance-amplitude curve 8.5
Beam parameters for immersion probes 8.6
Axial profile – Focal distance and length of the focal zone 8.6.2.2
Transverse profile – Focal width 8.6.2.3
Transverse profile – Beam divergence 8.6.2.4
Beam profile by scanning means – Focal distance and focal length 8.6.3.2
Beam profile by scanning means – Focal width and beam divergence 8.6.3.3
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Manufacturer’s tests
Title of test
Subclause
Beam parameters for straight-beam single-transducer contact probes 8.7
Beam divergence and side lobes 8.7.2
Squint angle and offset for straight-beam probes 8.7.3
Focal distance (near field length) 8.7.4
Focal width 8.7.5
Length of the focal zone 8.7.6
Beam parameters for angle-beam single-transducer contact probes 8.8
Index point 8.8.2
Beam angle and beam divergence 8.8.3
Squint angle and offset 8.8.4
Focal distance (near field length) 8.8.5
Focal width 8.8.6
Length of the focal zone 8.8.7
Beam parameters for straight-beam dual-transducer contact probes 8.9
Delay line delay path 8.9.2
Focal distance 8.9.3
Axial sensitivity range (focal width) 8.9.4
Lateral sensitivity range (focal width) 8.9.5
Beam parameters for angle-beam dual-transducer contact probes 8.10
Index point 8.10.2
Beam angle and profiles 8.10.3
Wedge delay path 8.10.4
Distance to sensitivity maximum (focal distance) 8.10.5
Axial sensitivity range (length of the focal zone) 8.10.6
Lateral sensitivity range (focal width) 8.10.7
Crosstalk 8.11
6 Technical information for probes
6.1 General
The test conditions and the equipment used for the evaluation of the probe parameters shall be listed
(see Table 2).
For individually designed or manufactured probes some parameters may not be accurately known
prior to manufacturing. In that case the measured values shall be used as reference values.
6.2 Probe data sheet
The probe data sheet gives the list of information to be reported for all probes within the scope of this
document (see Table 2).
6.3 Probe test report
The probe test report gives the measured values of the required parameters of one specific probe and
other information from the probe data sheet (see Table 2).
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
The probe test report shall include the unique serial number or the permanent reference number to
provide a uniquely assignment between the specific probe and the probe test report.
Table 2 — List of information to be given in a probe data sheet and a probe test report
Probe Probe test
Information to be given Comment
data sheet report
Manufacturer's name I I —
Probe type I I —
Probe serial number — I —
Probe housing dimensions I I —
Probe weight I I —
Type of connectors I I —
Connectors interchangeability I I Only for dual-transducer probes
Crosstalk I M Only for dual-transducer probes
Transducer material I I —
Shape and size of transducer I I —
Roof angle of transducers I I Only for dual-transducer probes
Wedge material I I Only for angle-beam probes
Wedge delay path I I Only for angle-beam probes,
Delay line material I I Only for straight-beam probes
Delay line delay I I Only for straight-beam probes,
Protection layer material I I —
Wear allowance I I —
Pulse shape I M —
Frequency spectrum I M —
Centre frequency I M —
Bandwidth I M —
Pulse duration I M —
Pulse-echo sensitivity I M —
Beam angle I M Only for angle-beam probes
Angles of divergence I I Not for focusing immersion probes
Squint angle I I —
Squint offset I I —
Only for angle-beam probes
Probe index point I I
Alternatively the distance between the probe
index point and the front of the probe can be given
Type of focus I I —
Focal distance or near field length I I —
Width of the focal zone I I Only for focusing probes
Length of the focal zone I I Only for focusing probes
Operating temperature range I I —
Storage temperature range I I —
DAC I — —
Distance-amplitude curve available I — —
Key
I information
M measurement
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Probe Probe test
Information to be given Comment
data sheet report
Used equipment I I —
Test conditions I I —
Physical aspects — I —
Key
I information
M measurement
7 Test equipment
7.1 Electronic equipment
The ultrasonic instrument (or laboratory pulser/receiver) used for the tests specified in Clause 8 shall
be of the type designated on the probe data sheet and shall comply with ISO 22232-1 as applicable.
Where more than one type of ultrasonic instrument is designated the tests shall be repeated with each
of the additional designated types.
Testing shall be carried out with the probe cables and electrical matching devices specified on the
probe data sheet for use with the particular type of ultrasonic instrument.
NOTE Probe leads more than about 2 m long can have a significant effect on probe performance.
In addition to the ultrasonic instrument or laboratory pulser/receiver the items of equipment essential
to assess probes in accordance with this document are as follows:
a) an oscilloscope with a minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz;
b) a frequency spectrum analyser with a minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz, or an oscilloscope/digitiser
or computer capable of performing discrete Fourier transforms (DFT).
The following additional equipment is optional:
c) for contact probes only:
1) an electromagnetic-acoustic probe (EMA) and receiver;
2) a plotter to plot directivity diagrams;
d) for immersion probes only:
a hydrophone receiver with an active diameter less than two times the central ultrasonic
wavelength of the probe (centre frequency) under test but not less than 0,5 mm. The bandwidth of
the hydrophone and the amplifier shall cover the bandwidth of the probe under test.
7.2 Test blocks and other equipment
For contact probes to be used on carbon steel, the test block quality shall be as defined in ISO 7963. For
contact probes to be used on other materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, titanium or plastics,
the test block material shall be documented in the probe data sheet or probe test report including
the measured sound velocity. The sound attenuation of other materials, especially plastics, shall be
considered.
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
The following test blocks and additional equipment shall be used to carry out the specified range of
tests, for contact probes:
a) Hemicylindrical blocks with different radii (R) in the range from 12 mm to 200 mm. Steps of R 2
are recommended. The length of each block shall be equal to or larger than its radius, up to a
maximum length of 100 mm. An example is shown in Figure 3.
b) Blocks with parallel faces and different thicknesses in the range from 12 mm to 200 mm. The
length and width of each block shall be equal to or larger than its thickness, up to a maximum
thickness of 100 mm.
c) Blocks with side-drilled holes parallel to the test surface, of preferably 3 mm or 1,5 mm diameter
as shown in Figure 4 or Figure 5, respectively. For probes with centre frequencies up to 2 MHz
side-drilled holes of 5 mm diameter are recommended. The blocks shall meet the following
requirements:
1) the length, height and width shall be such that the sides of the blocks do not interfere with the
ultrasonic beam;
2) the depth positions of the holes shall be such that at least three holes fall outside the near field;
3) the position of the holes shall be such that the signals do not interfere, e. g. the amplitude shows
a drop of at least 26 dB between two adjacent holes.
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 centre line of slot
2 front surface
3 angle-beam probe
X, Y, Z coordinate system of hemicylindrical-stepped block
Figure 3 — Example of a hemicylindrical-stepped block
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 side-drilled hole (SDH) of diameter 3 mm
Figure 4 — Example of a test block with 3 mm side-drilled holes
10 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 side-drilled hole (SDH) of diameter 1,5 mm SDH side-drilled hole at depth position n
n
2 front surface x width coordinate
3 top surface y length coordinate
4 right surface z depth coordinate
5 bottom surface
6 left surface
Figure 5 — Example of a test block with side-drilled holes (SDH)
d) Blocks with inclined faces with a notch as shown in Figure 6 and blocks with hemispherical-
bottomed holes as in Figure 7. These blocks are used to measure the beam divergence in the vertical
and horizontal plane respectively.
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a tolerance of centre line position
Figure 6 — Example of a test block with notches
12 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 7 — Examples of test blocks with side-drilled and hemispherical-bottomed holes
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
e) An alternative steel block to measure index point, beam angle and beam divergence for angle-beam
probes as given in Annex B.
NOTE Not all blocks are required if only special kinds of probes are to be checked, e.g. blocks to measure the
index point and the beam angle are not necessary if only straight-beam probes are measured.
For measuring distances, the following equipment shall be used:
f) A ruler.
g) Feeler gauges starting at 0,05 mm.
For testing immersion probes, the following reflectors and additional equipment shall be used:
h) A steel ball or rod with a hemispheric ended smooth reflective surface. For each frequency range
the diameter of ball or rod to be used is given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Steel ball (rod) diameters for different frequencies
Probe centre frequency Diameter d of ball or rod
MHz mm
0,5 ≤ f ≤ 3 3 ≤ d ≤ 5
3 < f ≤ 15 d ≤ 3
i) A large plane and smooth reflector. The target’s lateral size shall be at least ten times wider than
the beam width of the probe under test measured at the end of the focal zone, as defined in 8.6.2.4.1.
The reflector's lateral size shall be at least five times the wavelength calculated using the sound
velocity of the fluid used and the centre frequency of the probe under test.
j) An immersion tank equipped with a manual or automated scanning mechanism with five free axes:
— three linear axes X, Y, Z;
— two angular axes θ and ψ.
k) Automated recording means: if the amplitudes of ultrasonic signals are recorded automatically,
it is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure that the system has sufficient accuracy. In
particular, consideration shall be given to the effects of the system bandwidth, spatial resolution,
data processing and data storage on the accuracy of the results.
Typical setups to measure the sound beam of immersion probes are shown in Figures 16, 17 and 18.
The scanning mechanism used with the immersion tank should be able to maintain alignment between
the reflector and the probe in the X and Y directions, i.e. within ±0,1 mm for 100 mm distance in the
Z direction.
The temperature of the water in the immersion tank should be maintained at room temperature and shall
not deviate by more than ±2 °C during the characterization of immersion probes described in 8.2 to 8.6.
The water temperature shall be reported in the probe data sheet.
Care shall be taken about the influence of sound attenuation in water, which, at high frequencies, causes
a downshift of the echo frequency when using broad-band probes.
Table 4 shows the relation between frequency downshift and water path.
14 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
Table 4 — Frequency downshift in percent of centre frequency f depending on total water path
o
length, for relative bandwidths (Δ f ) 50 % and 100 %
rel
Total water path
f Δf
o rel mm
MHz %
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
5 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
5 100 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 6 7 9 10 11
10 50 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 6 7 9 10 11
10 100 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 16 21 24 28 31 34
15 50 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 10 13 15 18 20 23
15 100 3 6 8 10 13 15 17 19 21 23 30 37 42 47 50 54
8 Performance requirements for probes
8.1 Physical aspects
8.1.1 Procedure
The outside of the probe shall be visually inspected for correct identification, correct assembly and for
physical damage which can influence its current or future reliability. In particular, for contact probes
the flatness of the contact surface of the probe shall be measured using a ruler and feeler gauges.
8.1.2 Acceptance criterion
For flat-faced probes, over the whole probe face, the gap between the ruler and the probe contact
surface shall not be larger than 0,05 mm.
No visible damage of the probe contact surface that could influence the ultrasonic beam is allowed.
8.2 Pulse shape, amplitude and duration
8.2.1 Procedure
The peak-to-peak amplitude of the echo shall be measured.
The 10 % peak-to-peak amplitude value defines levels symmetrically to the base line. The first and the
last crossing point of the signal with these levels define the pulse duration as shown in Figure 1. The
pulse duration shall be determined with a measurement setup as shown in Figure 8 (contact probes) or
in Figure 16 (immersion probes):
a) For contact probes with a single transducer, a hemicylindrical block or a block with parallel faces
shall be used whose reflecting surface is at a distance larger than 1,5 times of the near field length
of the probe or within the focal zone of focused probes.
b) For dual-transducer probes, a hemicylindrical block or a block with parallel faces shall be used whose
reflecting surface is at a distance nearest to the focal point but within the focal zone of the probe.
c) For immersion probes, a large flat reflector shall be used at the focal distance for focused probes or
at a distance larger than 1,5 times of the near field length for flat probes.
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
a) Method using an ultrasonic instrument
b) Method using an ultrasonic pulser with receiver stage
Key
1 ultrasonic a) instrument or b) pulser 5 reference block
2 oscilloscope 6 oscilloscope probe
3 probe connector 7 oscilloscope input
4 ultrasonic probe 8 pulser RF output
Figure 8 — Setup for measuring the pulse shape, amplitude and duration
It shall be stated, whether the measurement was done with wear plates, coupling membranes or other
equipment mounted or not.
The pulser setting shall be recorded. It is recommended to plot the transmitter pulse shape.
8.2.2 Acceptance criterion
The pulse duration shall not be greater than the manufacturer's specification stated in the probe
data sheet.
16 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-2:2020(E)
The plot of the transmitter pulse should be included in the probe data sheet.
8.3 Frequency spectrum and bandwidth
8.3.1 Procedure
The same setup as in 8.2 shall be used, but using a frequency spectrum analyser/digitiser instead of an
oscilloscope and oscilloscope probe. The reflector echo shall be gated and the frequency spectrum shall
be determined using a spectrum analyser or a Discrete Fourier Transform.
Spurious echoes from the probe’s wedge, e.g. from the housing or the damping, shall not be analysed
together with the echo from the semi-cylinder or any other appropriate calibration block. The gate
width shall be twice the pulse duration as a minimum and centred on the maximum of the pulse.
The lower and upper cut-off frequencies f and f shall be determined at a 6 dB drop from the maximum
l u
value in the frequency spectrum. For the immersion technique the values shall be corrected according
to Table 4.
From these upper and lower cut-off frequencies f and f , the centre frequency f , the bandwitdth Δf and
u l o
the relative bandwidth Δ f shall be calculated as given in ISO 5577. See Formulae (1) t
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