EN 13001-1:2004
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
This European Standard specifies general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification. Note: Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this standard is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards: a) rigid body instability of the crane or its parts.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine Prinzipien und Anforderungen
Diese Europäische Norm ist zusammen mit Teil 2 und Teil 3 anzuwenden und spezifiziert allgemeine Bedingungen, Anforderungen und Methoden zur Vermeidung von Gefahren bei Kranen durch die Konstruktion und theoretische Überprüfung. Teil 3 befindet sich in der Vorentwurfsphase; die Verwendung der Teile 1 und 2 setzt nicht die Veröffentlichung von Teil 3 voraus.
ANMERKUNG Besondere Anforderungen für spezielle Krantypen sind in der zugehörigen Europäischen Norm für den speziellen Krantyp angegeben.
Im Folgenden ist eine Auflistung von wichtigen gefährlichen Situationen und gefährlichen Ereignissen gegeben, die Risiken für Personen während des normalen Gebrauchs (des Krans) und vorhersehbarem Missbrauch zur Folge haben könnten. Abschnitt 4 dieser Norm ist erforderlich, um mit folgenden Gefahren verbundene Risiken zu reduzieren oder zu eliminieren:
a) Starrkörperinstabilität des Krans oder seiner Teile (Kippen, Abtreiben);
b) Überschreitung der Festigkeitsgrenzwerte (Fließen, Bruch, Ermüdung);
c) Elastische Instabilität des Krans oder seiner Teile (Knicken, Beulen);
d) Überschreitung von Temperaturgrenzwerten des Werkstoffs oder der Komponenten;
e) Überschreitung von Verformungsgrenzen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Genehmigung dieser Norm durch CEN hergestellt werden und dient als Referenzgrundlage für die Europäischen Normen für spezielle Krantypen.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 1: Principes généraux et prescriptions
La présente norme européenne spécifie les conditions, prescriptions et méthodes générales afin d'éviter les risques mécaniques dus aux grues, en utilisant la conception et la vérification. NOTE: Les prescriptions spécifiques relatives aux types particuliers de grues sont données dans la norme européenne appropriée au type particulier de grue.
Varnost dvigala (žerjava) – Konstrukcija, splošno – 1. del: Splošna načela in zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2005
9DUQRVWGYLJDOD åHUMDYD ±.RQVWUXNFLMDVSORãQR±GHO 6SORãQDQDþHODLQ
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Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine Prinzipien und Anforderungen
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 1: Principes
généraux et prescriptions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13001-1:2004
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13001-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2004
ICS 53.020.20
English version
Crane safety - General design - Part 1: General principles and
requirements
Sécurité des appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Conception générale - Partie 1: Principes généraux et Prinzipien und Anforderungen
prescriptions
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 March 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13001-1:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope. 4
2 Normative references. 4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations. 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 5
4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Proof calculation. 8
4.2.1 General principles. 8
4.2.2 Models of cranes and loads .10
4.2.3 Simulation of load actions .10
4.2.4 Load combinations and load effects.11
4.2.5 Limit states .11
4.2.6 Proof of competence.11
4.2.7 Methods for the proof of competence.12
4.3 Classification .14
4.3.1 General .14
4.3.2 Total numbers of working cycles.15
4.3.3 Average linear or angular displacements.15
4.3.4 Frequencies of loads .17
4.3.5 Positioning of loads.18
4.4 Stress histories.19
4.4.1 General .19
4.4.2 Frequencies of stress cycles .20
4.4.3 Transformation of the identified stress cycles into cycles with constant mean
stress or constant stress ratio.21
4.4.4 Classification of stress histories.23
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given
application .26
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.27
Bibliography .28
Foreword
This document (EN 13001-1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes
safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Cyprus,
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive 98/37.
For relationship with EC Directive 98/37, see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Annex A is informative.
This European Standard is one Part of EN 13001. The other parts are as follows:
Part 1: General Principles and requirements
Part 2: Load actions
Part 3.1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures
Part 3.2: Limit states and proof of competence of rope reeving components
Part 3.3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
Part 3.4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for
the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential health and
safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes
interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer and the
component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of
this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard is to be used together with Part 2 and Part 3, and as such, they specify
general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design
and theoretical verification. Part 3 is only at pre-drafting stage; the use of Parts 1 and 2 is not
conditional to the publication of Part 3.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European
Standard for the particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in
risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this standard is necessary to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
a) rigid body instability of the crane or its parts (tilting, shifting);
b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging);
d) exceeding temperature limits of material or components;
e) exceeding the deformation limits.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by
CEN of this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane
types.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1:
Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003).
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications(ISO 12100-2:2003).
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery — Terminology.
EN 1990-1:2002, Eurocode – Basic of structural design.
EN 13001-2, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions.
ISO 4306-1:1990, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General.
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998,
EN 1990-1 :2002 and clause 6 of ISO 4306-1 :1990 apply.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this European Standard, the symbols and abbreviations given in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
Allowable (admissible) stress
adms
C Total number of working cycles
C Number of working cycles where a load i is handled
i
C Number of working cycles of task r
r
D
Classes of average displacements X
D to D
lin0 lin9 Classes of average linear displacement X
lin
D to D
ang 0 ang5 Classes of average angular displacement X ang
f Characteristic loads
i
F
Combined loads from load combination j (limit state method)
j
Combined loads from load combination j (allowable stress method)
F j
k Stress spectrum factor
Table 1 (continued)
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
kQ Load spectrum factor
kQ Load spectrum factor for task r
r
Limit in damage calculation
limD
lims Limit design stress
m Inverse slope of the log s /log N curve
a
ˆ Total number of stress cycles
n
n
Number of stress cycles of class ij
ij
(r)
n Number of stress cycles of class ij occurring each time task r is carried out
ij
n ,n
Service frequency of position i or j
ri rj
n ( R or s ) Number of stress cycles with stress amplitude s ( R or s )
m a m
Number of stress cycles with amplitude s ( R or s )
n ( R or s )
a,i m
i m
Number of stress cycles to failure by fatigue
N
N
Number of cycles at reference point
D
p
Average number of accelerations
Classes of average numbers of accelerations p
to
P , P P
0 3
Classes of load spectrum factors kQ
to
Q Q
0 5
Q
Maximum value of Q for all tasks r
r
Q Magnitude of load i
i
Maximum load for task r
Q
r
R Characteristic resistance of material, connection or component
d
Stress ratio
R
s
Stress history parameter
S , S , to S Classes of stress history parameters s
0 9
S Load effect in section k of a member (limit state method)
k
Load effect in section k of a member (allowable stress method)
S k
to Classes of total numbers of working cycles C
U ,U U
0 9
x , x
Displacement of the drive under consideration to serve position i or j
ri rj
Table 1 (concluded)
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
Average displacement during task r
x r
Average displacement
X
Average linear or angular displacement
X lin , X ang
Angles between horizontal line and lines of constant N in the s - s plane
a ,a
a m
1 2
a Relative number of working cycles for task r
r
Overall safety factor
g
f
Re
...
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