EN ISO 24252:2022
(Main)Biogas systems - Non-household and non-gasification (ISO 24252:2021)
Biogas systems - Non-household and non-gasification (ISO 24252:2021)
This document applies for systems for biogas production by anaerobic digestion, biogas conditioning, biogas upgrading and biogas utilization from a safety, environmental, performance and functionality perspective, during the design, manufacturing, installation, construction, testing, commissioning, acceptance, operation, regular inspection and maintenance phases.
The following topics are excluded from this document:
— boilers, burners, furnaces and lighting in case these are not specifically applied for locally produced biogas;
— gas fuelled engines for vehicles and ships;
— the public gas grid;
— specifications to determine biomethane quality;
— transportation of compressed or liquefied biogas;
— transportation of biomass or digestate;
— assessment and determination whether biomass is sourced sustainably or not.
An informative explanation of the scope is included in Annex A.
Biogasanlagen - Nicht häusliche und nicht auf Vergasung beruhende Anlagen (ISO 24252:2021)
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für Systeme zur Biogaserzeugung durch anaerobe Vergärung, zur Biogaskonditionierung, zur Biogasaufbereitung und zur Biogasverwertung unter den Gesichtspunkten der Sicherheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Leistung und der Funktionalität während der Planungs-, Herstellungs-, Installations-, Bau-, Prüf-, Inbetriebnahme-, Abnahme-, Betriebs-, regelmäßigen Inspektions- und Wartungsphasen.
Die folgenden Themen sind von diesem Dokument ausgenommen:
— Heizkessel, Brenner, Öfen und Beleuchtung, sofern diese nicht speziell für lokal erzeugtes Biogas verwendet werden;
— gasbetriebene Motoren für Fahrzeuge und Schiffe;
— das öffentliche Gasnetz;
— Spezifikationen zur Bestimmung der Biomethanqualität;
— Transport von verdichtetem Biogas oder Flüssigbiogas;
— Transport von Biomasse oder Gärresten;
— Bewertung und Feststellung, ob Biomasse aus nachhaltiger Produktion stammt oder nicht.
Eine informative Erläuterung des Anwendungsbereichs ist in Anhang A enthalten.
Installations de méthanisation - Non domestique et sans gazéification (ISO 24252:2021)
Le présent document s'applique aux systèmes de production de biogaz par digestion anaérobie, ainsi qu'au traitement, à l'épuration et à la valorisation du biogaz du point de vue de la sécurité, des questions environnementales, de la performance et de la fonctionnalité; et ce pendant les phases de conception, de fabrication, d'installation, de construction, d'essai, de mise en service, de réception, d'exploitation, d'inspection régulière et de maintenance.
Les points suivants sont exclus du présent document:
— chaudières, brûleurs, fours et éclairage s'ils n'utilisent pas spécifiquement du biogaz produit localement;
— moteurs à gaz pour véhicules et bateaux;
— réseau de gaz public;
— spécifications pour déterminer la qualité du biométhane;
— transport du biogaz comprimé ou liquéfié;
— transport de la biomasse ou du digestat;
— évaluation et détermination du caractère durable de la production de biomasse.
Une explication informative du domaine d'application est présentée en l'Annexe A.
Bioplin - Negospodinjski sistemi brez uplinjanja (ISO 24252:2021)
Ta dokument se uporablja za sisteme za proizvodnjo bioplina z anaerobno presnovo, pripravo bioplina, nadgradnjo bioplina in uporabo bioplina z vidika varnosti, okolja, učinkovitosti ter funkcionalnosti, med projektiranjem, proizvodnjo, montažo, konstrukcijo, preskušanjem, zagonom, prevzemom, obratovanjem, rednimi pregledi in vzdrževanjem.
Naslednje teme niso vključene v ta dokument:
– kotli, gorilniki, peči in razsvetljava, če se ne uporabljajo posebej za lokalno proizvodnjo bioplina;
– plinski motorji za vozila in ladje;
– javno plinsko omrežje;
– specifikacije za določitev kakovosti biometana;
– transport stisnjenega ali utekočinjenega bioplina;
– transport biomase ali digestata;
– ocena in ugotavljanje, ali je biomasa pridobljena trajnostno.
Za informativno razlago področja uporabe glej dodatek A.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2023
Bioplin - Negospodinjski sistemi brez uplinjanja (ISO 24252:2021)
Biogas systems - Non-household and non-gasification (ISO 24252:2021)
Biogasanlagen - Nicht häusliche und nicht auf Vergasung beruhende Anlagen (ISO
24252:2021)
Installations de méthanisation - Non domestique et sans gazéification (ISO 24252:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 24252:2022
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 24252
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.190
English Version
Biogas systems - Non-household and non-gasification (ISO
24252:2021)
Installations de méthanisation - Non domestique et Biogasanlagen - Nicht häusliche und nicht auf
sans gazéification (ISO 24252:2021) Vergasung beruhende Anlagen (ISO 24252:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 24252:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 24252:2021 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 255 "Biogas” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 24252:2022 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 408 “Natural gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane for
injection in the natural gas grid” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 24252:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 24252:2022 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24252
First edition
2021-11
Biogas systems — Non-household and
non-gasification
Installations de méthanisation — Non domestique et sans
gazéification
Reference number
ISO 24252:2021(E)
ISO 24252:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 24252:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Guide for reading this document .2
6 Safety principles . 3
7 Safety studies. 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Risk assessment and evaluation . 4
7.2.1 Risk assessment construction, start-up and maintenance . 4
7.2.2 HAZOP/HAZID . 4
7.3 Explosion protection document (EPD) . 5
7.4 Environmental requirements. 5
8 General design requirements .6
8.1 Materials and structures . 6
8.1.1 General . 6
8.1.2 Materials . 6
8.1.3 Structures, weight and stability calculations . 7
8.1.4 Use of used materials and equipment . 7
8.2 Process system facilities . 7
8.2.1 General . 7
8.2.2 Gas-side part of the system . 7
8.2.3 Cooling systems. 8
8.3 Pressure protection . 8
8.4 Safety distances . 9
8.5 Electronic monitoring of the process . 11
8.5.1 General . 11
8.5.2 Monitoring of the process . 11
8.6 Buildings and building services .12
8.6.1 General .12
8.6.2 Gas detection and electronic monitoring inside buildings .12
8.6.3 Ventilation . 13
8.7 Noise protection . 14
8.8 Odour prevention . 14
8.9 Soil and surface water protection . 14
8.10 Condensate and particle removal . 15
8.11 Storage of hazardous substances . 15
8.11.1 Storage hazardous substances in general . 15
8.12 Facilities at power failure .15
8.13 Air pollution control devices for removal of superfluous biogas (flares, thermal
oxidizers gas, etc.) . 16
8.14 Unwanted venting and discharges of hazardous gases . 17
8.15 Flame protection and mitigation . 17
8.16 Fire-fighting and extinguishing . 17
8.17 Earthing and lightning protection . 18
8.18 Emergency routing . 18
8.19 Anti-collision . 18
8.20 Access control . 18
8.21 Electrical, instrumentation and process control . 18
iii
ISO 24252:2021(E)
9 Biogas pipelines for untreated biogas .19
9.1 General . 19
9.2 Materials . 19
9.3 Civil design . 20
9.4 Removal of moisture and contaminants . 20
10 Technical specifications and requirements biogas production .20
10.1 General . 20
10.2 Biomass supply and storage . 21
10.3 Desulphurization . 21
10.4 Biogas buffer. 21
10.5 Storage, removal and stabilizing digestate . 21
10.6 Specific attention points and requirements landfill sites .22
10.7 Specific requirements additional to Clause 8 . 22
10.7.1 Materials and structures . 22
10.7.2 Equipment, pipes, valves and other process system facilities .23
10.7.3 Pressure protection . 23
10.7.4 Foam . 23
10.7.5 Safety distances . 24
10.7.6 Electronic monitoring of the process . 24
10.7.7 Buildings and building services . 24
10.7.8 Noise protection. 24
10.7.9 Soil and surface water protection . 24
10.7.10 Condensate and particle removal . 25
10.7.11 Storage of hazardous substances . 25
10.7.12 Facilities at power failure . 25
10.7.13 Air pollution control devices for removal of superfluous biogas (flares,
thermal oxidizers gas etc.) . 25
10.7.14 Venting . . . 25
10.7.15 Flame protection and mitigation . 25
10.7.16 Firefighting and extinguishing . 25
10.7.17 Earthing and lightning protection . 26
10.7.18 Emergency routing .26
10.7.19 Anti-collision . 26
10.7.20 Electrical, instrumentation & process control . 26
11 Technical specifications and requirements biogas treatment, CHP, upgrading and
liquefaction .26
11.1 General . 26
11.2 Desulphurization . 26
11.3 Biogas upgrading and liquefaction . 27
11.4 Process system facilities . 27
11.4.1 General . 27
11.4.2 Gas-side part of the system . 27
11.4.3 Cooling systems. 27
11.5 Specific requirements additional to Clause 8 .28
11.5.1 Materials and structures .28
11.5.2 Pressure protection .28
11.5.3 Safety distances .28
11.5.4 Electronic monitoring of the process .28
11.5.5 Buildings and building services .28
11.5.6 Noise protection.28
11.5.7 Soil protection .28
11.5.8 Condensate and particle removal .29
11.5.9 Storage of hazardous substances .29
11.5.10 .
Facilities at power failure .30
iv
ISO 24252:2021(E)
11.5.11 .
Air pollution control devices for removal of superfluous biogas (flares,
thermal oxidizers gas etc.) .30
11.5.12 .
Venting . . . 30
11.5.13 .
Flame protection and mitigation .30
11.5.14 Fire-fighting and extinguishing .30
11.5.15 .
Earthing and lightning protection .30
11.5.16 .
Emergency routing .30
11.5.17 .
Anti-collision . 30
11.5.18 .
Electrical, instrumentation & process control .30
12 Construction and testing .31
12.1 General . 31
12.2 Construction . 31
12.2.1 Safety during construction . 31
12.2.2 Prefabrication . 31
12.2.3 Construction on site . 31
12.3 Testing and commissioning . 31
12.4 Start-up . 32
12.5 Requirements for commissioning and start-up of specific systems . 32
12.5.1 Biogas production systems . 32
12.5.2 Biogas treatment, CHP, upgrading and liquefaction systems . 32
13 Operations and maintenance .32
13.1 General . 32
13.2 Supplier of the biogas system .33
13.3 System owner . 33
13.4 Emergency plan .34
13.5 Service technician . 35
13.6 Requirements for commissioning and start-up of specific systems . 35
13.6.1 Biogas production systems . 35
13.6.2 Biogas treatment, CHP, upgrading and liquefaction systems . 35
13.7 Requirements for shut-down of biogas system .36
Annex A (informative) Explanation to the scope .37
Annex B (informative) Biogas characteristics, processes and classifications .40
Annex C (informative) Guidelines to prevent risks from gases and explosive atmospheres
in buildings .48
Bibliography .50
v
ISO 24252:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 255, Biogas.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
ISO 24252:2021(E)
Introduction
0.1 General
The technical committee on biogas (ISO/TC 255) was established in 2011 in order to:
— provide liberalization and facilitation for international trade of biogas systems;
— contribute to international co-operation on technical regulations, standards and assessment
procedures;
— curb discriminatory technical requirements as the main form of trade protectionism; and
— reduce and eliminate the technical barriers for international trade of biogas systems.
This document about biogas systems is applicable for biogas production by anaerobic digestion, biogas
conditioning, biogas upgrading and biogas utilization. The main purpose of this document is the safe
operation of biogas systems without damaging the environment.
The availability of a standard for biogas systems is necessary in order to:
— ensure that biogas systems are built, operated and maintained safely;
— facilitate development of regional and national regulations and incentive programs to regulate
methane emissions;
— moderate communication between the different biogas parties through meaningful discussions;
— contribute to reinforcement of biogas flares’ safety and business competitiveness with recognized
terms and definitions that clarify actors’ expectations related to procurement, contracts and
services as well as reporting on biogas related action plans, road maps, etc.; and
— contribute to the use of standards by facilitating their development and furthering users’
understanding and application of standards.
ISO/TC 255 intends to promote international technology exchange and to accelerate international
application of biogas (products) and equipment by developing and maintaining globally harmonized
standards. For the avoidance of doubt, it is noted that national legislation may apply which may deviate
from or may be additional to the contents of this document.
0.2 Description of the applied technologies
Biogas systems are amongst others applied at industrial plants like food and beverage industries,
waste water treatment plants, waste plants, landfill sites, and small-scale plants next to agricultural
companies.
Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter.
Biogas mainly comprises methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulphide and/or water
and furthermore could contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, heavier hydrocarbons (including aromatic
hydrocarbons), siloxanes and/or other substances.
Biogas can be treated in order to eliminate hydrogen sulphide, siloxanes, water and other substances
and be upgraded to a gas with higher methane content. Sometimes the biogas is pressurized.
A description of the most common technologies used in biogas systems is included in Annex B.
Guidelines to prevent risks from gasses and explosive atmospheres in buildings are included in Annex C.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24252:2021(E)
Biogas systems — Non-household and non-gasification
1 Scope
This document applies for systems for biogas production by anaerobic digestion, biogas conditioning,
biogas upgrading and biogas utilization from a safety, environmental, performance and functionality
perspective, during the design, manufacturing, installation, construction, testing, commissioning,
acceptance, operation, regular inspection and maintenance phases.
The following topics are excluded from this document:
— boilers, burners, furnaces and lighting in case these are not specifically applied for locally produced
biogas;
— gas fuelled engines for vehicles and ships;
— the public gas grid;
— specifications to determine biomethane quality;
— transportation of compressed or liquefied biogas;
— transportation of biomass or digestate;
— assessment and determination whether biomass is sourced sustainably or not.
An informative explanation of the scope is included in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20675, Biogas — Biogas production, conditioning, upgrading and utilization — Terms, definitions and
classification scheme
ISO 22580, Flares for combustion of biogas
IEC 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres — Part 10-1: Classification of areas — Explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 62305-2, Protection against lightning — Part 2: Risk management
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20675 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO 24252:2021(E)
3.1
hazardous substance
any product or chemical that has properties which are explosive, flammable, oxidising, toxic, corrosive
or toxic to the environment
4 Abbreviated terms
CBG compressed biogas
CBM compressed biomethane
CNG compressed natural gas
HAZID hazards identification study
HAZOP hazards and operability study
LBG liquefied bio gas
LBM liquefied biomethane
LNG liquefied natural gas
SDS safety data sheet
P & ID piping and instrumentation diagram
PPE personal protective equipment
PSA pressure swing adsorption
PVC polyvinyl chloride
RIE risk evaluation and inventory
THT tetrahydrothiophene
TRA task risk analysis
CHP combined heat and power plant
5 Guide for reading this document
This document consists of different types of systems that might or might not be used in combination
with each other. Clauses 1 to 9, and Clauses 12 to 13 are applicable for all types of system. Table 1 shows
which chapters are applicable to the type of system.
Table 1 — Clauses applicable to the type of system
Type of system General clauses Specific clauses in force
Biogas production Clauses 1 to 9 and Clauses 12 to 13 Clause 10
Systems of biogas treatment, CHP, Clauses 1 to 9 and Clauses 12 to 13 Clause 12
biogas upgrading and liquefaction
ISO 24252:2021(E)
6 Safety principles
In the conceptual, basic and detailed design and management of biogas systems, the following principles
shall be used to deal with risk based on declining preference:
— Eliminate: Minimize the risk of exposure and the influence of the human actor. Consider process
design and process control measures.
— Manage: Risk management; In design, think about maintenance and inspection of equipment and
controls, and how risks can be mitigated. This may include the generation of alarms for human
handling, physical security systems (such as pressure protection and flame arresters), and
instrumental safety systems.
— Accept: Acceptance of risks shall be avoided at all times. If technical elimination or control is not
possible or if these measures fail, procedural measures shall be taken to control the risks. Emergency
plans are an example of this.
Since in many cases biogas systems are small-scale and in some cases the people concerned have limited
knowledge of the risks of industrial plants such as gases, high temperatures and pressures etc., special
attention is paid to knowledge, culture and behaviour. This can include recurrent training and training
of relevant employees and third parties.
The following elements play a role in safety:
— process safety;
— explosion and fire safety;
— safe management of the biogas system.
As basis for this document, the following safety measures have been taken into account:
— technical safety measures have priority above organizational measures;
— maintenance systems or parts of systems shall have provisions for isolation and be able to be locked
out and tagged out for maintenance;
— the system can be controlled;
— the system can be maintained, for this reason sections of the process can be isolated;
— pressures safety control system is working properly;
— in case of electrical power interruption, the system shall automatically go to safe mode ('fail safe');
— monitoring of gases unintentionally released;
— sufficient mechanical and natural ventilation:
— lightning study, particularly in the event of zones with explosion risks;
— alarm alerts and transfer of these alarms to the responsible people;
— for compiled systems (for example, parts of the system from different vendors), safe installation and
maintenance of the total system shall be integrated.
ISO 24252:2021(E)
7 Safety studies
7.1 General
In many cases, a risk study or an additional risk inventory and evaluation is required for biogas systems.
Also, specific national regulations can be applicable for large biogas systems with significant risks for
the surroundings.
Companies shall investigate themselves whether specific safety regulations are applicable. This can
depend on the biogas composition and the system size.
7.2 Risk assessment and evaluation
7.2.1 Risk assessment construction, start-up and maintenance
During design and prior to the start of the construction, risk assessment and evaluation (regarding
occupational health aspects) shall be performed. Generally, this is mandatory because of national health
and safety regulations. For specific risks additional task risk analysis shall be made by the involved
w
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