EN 12855:2003

Food processing machinery - Rotating bowl cutters - Safety and hygiene requirements

This Standard specifies requirements for design and construction of cutters. The machines covered by this standard are used to process fresh or frozen meat, meat products, fish and vegetables in a revolving bowl. This is performed by means of vertical blades rotating around a more or less horizontal axis. This standard does not apply to household cutters.

Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Kutter mit umlaufender Schüssel - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen

1.1   Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Kuttern (siehe Bild 1) fest, die stationär betrieben werden und auf dem Boden oder auf einem Tisch aufgestellt werden.
Kutter sind Nahrungsmittelmaschinen, die für die Verarbeitung von frischem oder gefrorenem Fleisch, Fleischprodukten, Fisch und Gemüse in einer umlaufenden Schüssel verwendet werden. Dies geschieht mit vertikalen Messern, die sich um eine nahezu horizontale Achse drehen. Diese Europäische Norm betrachtet Gefährdungen, die durch die Konstruktion, die Bedienung, die Aufstellung und die Wartung von Kuttern entstehen, wenn sie wie vom Hersteller beabsichtigt betrieben werden. Die bestimmungsgemäße Verwendung der Maschinen ist in Abschnitt 7 dieser Norm "Benutzerinformation" beschrieben.
Kutter für den Hausgebrauch werden nicht von dieser Norm erfasst.
1.2   Diese Norm gilt nur für Maschinen, die nach dem Ausgabedatum dieser Norm hergestellt werden.
1.3   Diese Norm umfasst folgende Bauarten von Kuttern, abhängig vom Durchmesser (D) oder vom Volumen (V) der Schüssel:
- Kutter der Baugröße 1
D < 700 mm oder 2 l < V < 30 l
- Kutter der Baugröße 2
   700 mm < D  < 1200 mm oder 30 l <  V <  120 l
- Kutter der Baugröße 3
   D > 1200 mm oder V > 120 l
In dieser Norm werden auch Beschickungseinrichtungen für Kutter der Baugrößen 2 und 3 behandelt.
Kutter bestehen z. B. aus Maschinengestell, Schüssel, Messerschneidsatz, Messerwelle, Messerschutz-haube, Lärmschutzdeckel, Beschickungs-, Entnahmeeinrichtung, zugehörigem Antrieb und elektrischen, hydraulischen und pneumatischen Komponenten sowie Komponenten zum Begasen, Vakuumieren, Heizen und Kühlen je nach Maschinenart.
ANMERKUNG   Bei der Erstellung dieser Norm wurde vorausgesetzt, dass die Maschinen von ausgebildetem Personal betrieben werden.
Legende
  1   Lärmschutzdeckel
  2   Messerschutzhaube
  3   Auswerfer
  4   Pilz
  5   Schüssel
  6   Steuerorgane
  7   Handschutzlappen
  8   Maschinengestell
  9   Beschickungseinricht

Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Cutters à cuve tournante - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiene

1.1   La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions relatives aux cutters (voir Figure 1) utilisés en mode stationnaire et positionnés sur le sol ou à hauteur de table.
Les cutters sont des machines utilisées pour la transformation de viandes fraîches ou congelées, de produits à base de viande, de poissons et de légumes dans une cuve tournante. Cela est réalisé à l'aide de couteaux verticaux tournant autour d'un axe proche de l'horizontale. La présente Norme européenne traite des phénomènes dangereux engendrés par la conception, l'utilisation, le démontage et la maintenance des cutters à cuve tournante lorsqu'ils sont utilisés dans les conditions recommandées par le fabricant. Les utilisations normales des machines sont décrites à l'article 7 "Informations pour l'utilisation" de la présente norme.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux cutters à usage domestique.
1.2   La présente norme ne s'applique qu'aux machines fabriquées après sa date de publication.
1.3   La présente norme définit les types de cutters suivants en fonction du diamètre (D) ou du volume (V) de la cuve.
¾ Cutters de type 1
D £ 700 mm ou 2 l £ V £ 30 l
¾ cutters de type 2
700 mm < D £ 1 200 mm ou 30 l < V £ 120 l
¾ cutters de type 3
D > 1 200 mm ou V > 120 l
Les dispositifs de chargement pour les cutters des types 2 et 3 sont également couverts par la présente norme.
Les cutters sont constitués, par exemple, d'un bâti, d'une cuve, d'un jeu de couteaux, d'un arbre porte-couteaux, d'un capot de protection des couteaux, d'un capot antibruit, d'un dispositif de chargement, d'un dispositif de vidange, d'un mécanisme d'entraînement, de composants électriques, hydrauliques et pneumatiques, et également d'équipements pour l'adjonction de gaz, l'établissement du vide, le chauffage ou le refroidissement, selon le type de machine.
NOTE   Au cours de la préparation de la présente norme, il a été considéré que les machines seraient utilisées par du personnel qualifié.

Stroji za predelavo hrane – Rezalniki z vrtljivo posodo – Varnostne in higienske zahteve

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 26-Aug-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 01-Jun-2010
• ICS: 67.260 - Plants and equipment for the food industry
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 153 - Food processing machinery - Safety and hygiene specifications
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 153/WG 2 - Meat processing machinery
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 02-Jun-2010
• Completion Date: 02-Jun-2010
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/88/13 - Standardization request to CEN/CENELEC relating to machinery
• Ref Project: SIST EN 12855:2004 - Food processing machinery - Rotating bowl cutters - Safety and hygiene requirements

Relations

• Merged Into: EN 12855:2003+A1:2010 - Food processing machinery - Rotating bowl cutters - Safety and hygiene requirements
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2004
Stroji za predelavo hrane – Rezalniki z vrtljivo posodo – Varnostne in higienske
zahteve
Food processing machinery - Rotating bowl cutters - Safety and hygiene requirements
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Kutter mit umlaufender Schüssel - Sicherheits- und
Hygieneanforderungen
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Cutters a cuve tournante - Prescriptions
relatives a la sécurité et a l'hygiene
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12855:2003
ICS:
67.260 Tovarne in oprema za Plants and equipment for the
živilsko industrijo food industry
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12855
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2003
ICS 67.250
English version
Food processing machinery - Rotating bowl cutters - Safety and
hygiene requirements
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Cutters à cuve Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Kutter mit umlaufender
tournante - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à Schüssel - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen
l'hygiene
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12855:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions.8
4 List of hazards.9
4.1 General.9
4.2 Mechanical hazards .9
4.3 Electrical hazards .11
4.4 Hydraulic hazards .11
4.5 Hazard from loss of stability.11
4.6 Noise hazard.11
4.7 Hazard from use of gases (N , CO and steam).11
2 2
4.8 Hazards from non-compliance with ergonomic principles .11
4.9 Hazards from non-compliance with hygiene principles .11
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .12
5.1 General.12
5.2 Mechanical hazards .12
5.3 Electrical Hazards .18
5.4 Hydraulic and pneumatic hazards.21
5.5 Hazard from loss of stability.21
5.6 Noise reduction.21
5.7 Hazard from use of gases (N , CO and steam).21
2 2
5.8 Ergonomic requirements .22
5.9 Hygiene and cleaning .22
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or safety measures .24
7 Information for use .25
7.1 General.25
7.2 Operating instructions .25
7.3 Training of operators.27
8 Marking .27
Annex A (normative) Common hazards for food processing machines and reduction requirements
applicable to rotating bowl cutters .28
Annex B (normative) Noise test code for rotating bowl cutters (grade 2).30
Annex C (normative) Design principles to ensure cleanability of rotating bowl cutters.32
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives.37
Bibliography .38
Foreword
This document (EN 12855:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 153 “Food processing
machinery - Safety and hygiene specifications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by February 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by February 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
It is one of a series of standards which have been prepared for machines and equipment for meat processing in
accordance with EN 1672-2.
Annexes A, B and C are normative parts of this standard, ZA is informative. This European Standard also contains
a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
0 Introduction
This standard covers rotating bowl cutters with optional loading and unloading devices.
1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard specifies requirements for bowl cutters (see figure 1) used when stationary and
positioned on the floor or at table height.
Bowl cutters are food machines used to process fresh or frozen meat, meat products, fish and vegetables in a
rotating bowl. This is performed by means of vertical blades rotating around a nearly horizontal axis. This European
Standard considers hazards arising from the design, operation, commissioning and maintenance of the rotating
bowl cutters when used as intended by the manufacturer. The intended uses of the machines are described in
clause 7 of this standard, ‘Information for use.
This standard does not apply to household bowl cutters.
1.2 This standard only applies to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of this standard.
1.3 This standard covers the following types of bowl cutters according to the diameter (D) or the volume (V) of
the bowl:
Type 1 bowl cutters
D < 700 mm or 2 l V 30 l
Type 2 bowl cutters
700 mm < D < 1 200 mm or 30 l < V 120 l
Type 3 bowl cutters
D > 1 200 mm or V > 120 l
For type 2 and type 3 bowl cutters, loading devices are also covered in this standard.
Bowl cutters are constructed, for example, from a machine frame, a bowl, a set of cutting blades, a blade shaft, a
blade cover, a noise cover, a loading and removal device, an associated drive and electrical, hydraulic and
pneumatic components and also components for fumigating, vacuuming, heating and cooling according to machine
type.
NOTE In preparing this standard it was assumed that the machine would be operated by trained personnel.
Key
1 noise cover 6 control elements
2 blade cover 7 fixed safety hand device
3 unloading device 8 machine frame
4 mushroom 9 loading device
5 bowl 10 transport trolley is not part of the rotating bowl cutter covered by this standard
Figure 1 — Elements of a bowl cutter, accessories
The fresh or deep-frozen material is fed manually or by means of a loading device into the bowl of the bowl cutter.
On account of the rotation of the cutter bowl at different speeds of the blade shaft, the material is mixed with
additives, size reduced or emulsified. This can also take place under vacuum, or when liquid nitrogen or carbon
dioxide or steam is added, or when boiling takes place at the same time.
Bowl cutters do not operate in a continuous mode.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles
and specifications
EN 418, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects – Principles for design.
EN 614-1:1995, Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles
EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and
movable guards
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for
design.
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components –
Hydraulics.
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components –
Pneumatics.
EN 1005-1, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 1: Terms and Definitions.
EN 1005-2, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and
component parts of machinery.
EN 1005-3, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery
operation.
EN 1037:1995, Safety of Machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up.
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery – Terminology.
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for design and
selection.
EN 1672-2:1997, Food processing machinery - Basic concepts - Part 2: Hygiene requirements.
EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:1997)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989).
EN 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Generic standards; Immunity for residential,
commercial and light-industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-1:1997, modified)
EN 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards; Immunity for industrial
environments (IEC 61000-6-2:1999, modified)
EN 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards; Emission standard for
residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-3:1996, modified)
EN 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards; Emission standard for industrial
environments (IEC 61000-6-4:1997, modified)
EN ISO 3744, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure -
Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994).
EN ISO 4871, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO
4871:1996).
EN ISO 11204:1995, Acoustics- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions - Method requiring environmental corrections
(ISO 11204:1995).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998 and in EN 1672-
2:1997 and the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
unloading device
comprises a swivel arm with a rotating disc for emptying the bowl
3.2
container
a unit for holding ingredients to be processed and the product
3.3
loading device
a lift-tilt device for raising and tilting transport trolleys and containers
3.4
locking device
a device for fixing the transport trolley or container in the load bearing device
3.5
transport trolley
a travelling device for holding ingredients to be processed and products
3.6
fixed hand safety device
rigid strips integrated into the blade cover, which together with the mushroom cover the cutting set
3.7
noise cover
equipment for covering the part of the bowl, which is not covered by the blade cover, intended to decrease the
noise emitted by the cutting set
3.8
machine frame
the structure on which the machine parts are mounted
3.9
blade
generally sickle-shaped and convex sharpened cutting inserts adapted to the bowl profile
3.10
cutting set
combination of blades which can be mounted on the blade shaft
3.11
blade cover
movable cover over the cutting set and a portion of the bowl
3.12
blade shaft
drive shaft for the cutting set
3.13
mushroom
formation of the centre of the bowl, giving support for the blade cover and keeping the product travelling through
the rotating blades
3.14
bowl
container for ingredients or cut product
3.15
bowl volume
volume of the bowl expressed in litres, (measured when filled with water to the maximum fill level)
3.16
vacuum boiling lid
cover, required for production of certain products. It can replace the noise cover
4 List of hazards
4.1 General
This clause and annex A contain the hazards and hazardous situations as far as they are dealt with in this
European Standard, identified by a risk assessment significant for this type of machinery and which require action
identified to eliminate or reduce risk.
Before using this standard it is important to carry out a risk assessment of the rotating bowl cutter to check that it
has the hazards identified in this clause.
4.2 Mechanical hazards
(See figure 2)
Zone 1
Rotating blades under blade cover;
Cutting or severing hazards to fingers or hand;
Zone 2
Zone between bowl and machine frame;
Drawing-in hazards to fingers or hand;
Zone 3
Area of movement of loading device;
Crushing or shearing hazards to limbs or body;
Zone 4
Area of movement of blade cover and/or noise cover and/or vacuum lid;
Crushing hazard to fingers or hands;
Zone 5
Area of drive systems;
Severing or drawing-in hazard to upper limbs;
Zone 6
Ejection of blades in the event of breakage;
Cutting or penetration hazards to body;
Zone 7
Area of unloading device;
Crushing hazard to fingers or hands;
Zone 8
Cleaning and maintenance of blades;
Cutting or severing hazards to fingers or hands.
Key
1 zone 1 5 zone 5
2 zone 2 6 zone 6
3 zone 3 7 zone 7
4 zone 4 8 zone 8
Figure 2 — Danger areas of bowl cutters
4.3 Electrical hazards
4.3.1 Direct or indirect contact with live parts
Hazard of electric shock to the body, including the result of a malfunction.
4.3.2 Electrical components with insufficient safety level
Hazard of mechanical injury to the body, including the result of a malfunction.
4.4 Hydraulic hazards
Hazard to operator from ejection of high-pressure liquid.
4.5 Hazard from loss of stability
Impact or crushing hazard to the body, if machine or loading device topples over.
4.6 Noise hazard
Rotating bowl cutters may generate noise which can result in hearing damage, and in accidents due to interference
with speech communication and in interference with the perception of acoustic signals.
4.7 Hazard from use of gases (N , CO and steam)
2 2
Leakage of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) or steam:
Hazard of suffocation;
Hazard of burns, frostbite or scalding.
4.8 Hazards from non-compliance with ergonomic principles
Unhealthy posture or excessive physical effort;
Inadequate consideration of the human anatomy of hand/arm or foot/leg during machine design;
Hazard of physical damage to body.
4.9 Hazards from non-compliance with hygiene principles
Microbial causes:
Hazard from foodstuff spoilage;
Hazard of damage to health of the consumer through food poisoning;
Hazard of infection of operator.
Chemical causes:
Hazard (contamination) of foodstuff through residues of cleaning and disinfecting agents and hydraulic
fluid;
Hazard of damage to health of the consumer;
Hazard of toxic or allergic reactions from operator;
Physical causes:
Physical contamination of the product by objects originating from raw materials, machine parts or other
sources.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause and of annex C. In
addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN 292 for hazards relevant but not
significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g. sharp edges).
For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of a B-level standard such as EN 294, EN 953, EN 1672-2,
EN 60204-1, etc. the manufacturer shall carry out a risk assessment to establish the requirements of the B-
standard which are to be applied. This specific risk assessment shall be part of the general risk assessment of the
machine.
Where the means of reducing the risk is by the arrangement or positioning of the installed machine, the
manufacturer shall include in the Information for use a reference to the reduction means to be provided, and to any
limiting value of the requirement, and, if appropriate, to the means of verification.
Where the means of reducing the risk is by a safe system of working the machinery, the manufacturer shall include
in the Information for use details of the system and of the elements of training required by the operating personnel.
5.2 Mechanical hazards
5.2.1 Zone 1
Rotating blades under protective cover
The danger zone of rotating blades shall be protected with an interlocked guard according to EN 1088:1995, 4.2.1.
If the rotating blades do not stop within the time specified below, the interlocking device shall be provided also with
a guard lock, according to EN 1088: 1995, 4.2.2. The safety related control system for the interlocking of the blade
cover shall be according to Category 1 of EN 954-1:1996, or Category 3 if electronic components are used.
For type 1 bowl cutters
the rotating blade shall come to a standstill as soon as possible, but the time taken shall not exceed 2 s after
the front edge of the blade cover has been lifted more than 50 mm. This applies when the bowl is empty;
For type 2 bowl cutters
the blade shaft shall come to a standstill as soon as possible, but the time taken shall not exceed 3 s after the
front edge of the blade cover has been lifted by more than 50 mm. This applies when the bowl is empty;
For type 3 bowl cutters
the blade shaft shall come to a standstill as soon as possible, but the time taken shall not exceed 4 s after the
front edge of the blade cover has been lifted by more than 100 mm. This applies when the bowl is empty;
For type 1 bowl cutters (see figure 3)
the depth of the cover shall not be less than 70 % of the bowl’s external diameter D. An open section of max.
90° is allowed on the operating side;
Figure 3 — Example of design of type 1 bowl cutters
For type 2 bowl cutters (see figure 4)
the depth of the cover shall not be less than 55 % of the bowl’s external diameter D;
over the right side of the bowl (“inlet side”) the blade cover shall protrude 20 % of the bowl diameter towards
the front of the cutter, measured from the centreline. The 20 % shall be achieved in the centreline of the inlet
side. The shape of the additional protruding blade cover can be triangle, circular or similar;
Figure 4 — Example of design of type 2 bowl cutters
For type 1 and type 2 bowl cutters (see figure 5b)
fixed hand safety devices shall be provided. The width of the mushroom and the fixed hand safety devices
shall be more than one and a half times the maximum width of the cutting set on each side of the centreline of
the bowl;
the distance from right side of hand safety device to the nearest possible blade position shall be not less than
50 mm;
hand safety device shall be provided even if the width of the mushroom fulfils the above requirements;
the minimum height of the fixed hand safety devices shall be 40 % of the bowl depth.
Key
1 Non return flap
2 View Y
A < 0,33 · T
H > 0,4 · T
B is the width of cutting set;
H is the height of the hand safety device;
P is the diameter of mushroom;
T is the depth of the bowl.
a) Example of design of type 2 cutters b) Example of design of hand safety device for type 1
and 2 bowl cutters
Figure 5 — Examples of bowl cutters
For type 2 and 3 bowl cutters
a non-return flap is required to be mounted on the outlet side. See figure 5 for non-return flap on type 2
machines. The flap shall not be removable from the machine without tools. It shall protrude at least 0,4 times
the depth of the bowl (T) into the bowl. The distance to the bowl at the sides of the flap shall not be more than
20 mm;
For type 3 bowl cutters (see figure 6)
a safety distance (L) of not less than 850 mm to the blades shall be provided;
if the safety distance (L) is less than 1 200 mm a hand safety device shall be provided. The device shall be
located in front of the cutting set on both sides of the mushroom. The distance from either side of the hand
safety device to the nearest possible blade position shall be not less than 50 mm. The height of the device
shall be more than 0,4 times the depth of the bowl (T).
Key
L   850 mm
850 mm L < 1200 mm: Hand safety device is required.
D  1200 mm
Figure 6 — Example of design of type 3 bowl cutters
5.2.2 Zone 2
Area between bowl and machine frame
The rotating bowl shall avoid forming any drawing-in points with fixed machine components. If this is not possible,
the access to the danger zone shall be prevented by a fixed guard, movable guard with interlocking according to
EN 1088, or other protective device with equal safety.
5.2.3 Zone 3
Area of movement of loading device
5.2.3.1 Loading device
Loading devices shall comply with the requirements of EN 292-2:1991, 3.11.
There are lift-tilt devices of various designs, for example, with
fixed lifting arms for holding the trolley;
lifting arms which allow the transport trolley to swivel in a gondola and remain horizontal;
a vertical mast-type lift-tilt device with forks for holding transport trolleys or containers.
Lift-tilt devices can be free standing or connected to the bowl cutters. Lift-tilt devices shall be designed to be stable
and conform to the requirements set out in 5.4.
If the device meets an obstruction the bowl cutter shall not roll, slip or tip over. This can be achieved by slip
clutches or a motor overload cut-out to automatically stop the descent.
5.2.3.2 Load bearing device
Load bearing devices shall be constructed to prevent transport trolleys or containers falling off (e.g. by providing a
locking device). The distance between the load bearing device and the machine base shall be > 120 mm. During
the tilting operation the minimum distance to the surface of the machine shall be > 25 mm.
5.2.3.3 Lowering speed of load bearing device
The lowering velocity shall be 0,2 m/s when it is controlled by a hold-to-run control.
The lowering velocity shall be 0,1 m/s when the lowering motion is controlled automatically or without a hold-to-
run control. In this case, the last 0,5 m before the trolley or container touches the floor shall be controlled by a hold-
to-run control.
5.2.4 Zone 4
Area of movement of blade cover and noise cover
5.2.4.1 Manual operation
The force required to raise or lower the cover shall not exceed 250 N.
Movable machine components (e.g. covers) shall be prevented from slamming shut. This shall be achieved for
example by the following measures:
On non-powered covers a counterweight or a spring shall be provided if, when open, the cover does not swing
back to a stable position behind its top dead centre. The cover shall be provided with a grab handle.
5.2.4.2 Powered operation
The control unit for lowering the cover shall be designed as a hold-to-run control. In the event of a drive failure (e.g.
pipe or hose break), means shall be provided to prevent uncontrolled movement of the cover.
Lowering of the cover shall be carried out so that when the distance measured from the front edge of the bowl is
smaller than 200 mm, the lowering speed shall not exceed 50 mm/s. Higher speed is allowed for the descent down
to a minimum distance of 200 mm from the bowl. The measuring point shall be located at the largest opening width
of the cover.
5.2.5 Zone 5
Area of drive mechanism
Access to danger zones on the drive system shall be prevented. This shall be achieved for example, by the
following measures:
Guards (cover over casing) in accordance with EN 953:1997, 3.2 shall be provided on the drive mechanism. The
guards may be fixed, or detachable and interlocked. If guards are removable, for example, for changing the
operating process or for the purpose of cleaning, they shall be interlocked.
For safety requirements relating to the interlocking system, see 5.2.1.
5.2.6 Zone 6
Area of blade ejection
The manufacturer shall design the blade cover to prevent penetration by blade fragments; the methods used for
calculations shall have been proved by analysis, or by test / field experiences.
Bowl cutter blades shall be positively locked to the shaft and not rely solely on friction. Rotation in either direction
shall not tend to loosen the blade. The instruction for use shall include warning of the hazards resulting from fitting
the blades incorrectly.
5.2.7 Zone 7
Area of unloading device
The unloading device shall be designed so that the disc can only be set in motion when immersed in the bowl.
The disc shall switch-off automatically when it is lifted level with the bowl rim. The control of the unloading device
shall be provided with a hold-to-run control. Maximum permitted lowering speed 50 mm/s.
5.2.8 Zone 8
Cleaning and maintenance of the blades
The operating instructions shall give information on the methods of safe storage, transportation, maintenance and
cleaning, and disposal of the blades. If this involves particular handling equipment, or protective cover, or personal
protective equipment these shall be provided or described in the instructions for use.
5.3 Electrical Hazards
5.3.1 General
The electrical components and electrical system of the machine shall conform to requirements of EN 60204-1 with
the clarifications described in this clause.
5.3.2 Stop function of switching devices
The stop function of switching devices shall be in accordance with EN 60204-1:19
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