EN 16247-2:2022
(Main)Energy audits - Part 2: Buildings
Energy audits - Part 2: Buildings
This document is applicable to specific energy audit requirements in buildings. It specifies the requirements, methodology and deliverables of an energy audit in a building or group of buildings. It is applied in conjunction with, and is supplementary to, EN 16247 1, Energy audits - Part 1: General requirements. It provides additional requirements to EN 16247 1 and is applied simultaneously.
If processes are included in the scope of the energy audit, the energy auditor can choose to apply EN 16247 3, Energy audits - Part 3: Processes. If on-site transport on a site is included in the scope of the energy audit, the energy auditor can choose to apply EN 16247 4, Energy audits - Part 4: Transport.
Energieaudits - Teil 2: Gebäude
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für die spezifischen Anforderungen an ein Energieaudit in Gebäuden. Es legt
Anforderungen, Methodik und Ergebnisse eines Energieaudits in einem Gebäude oder einer Gebäudegruppe
fest. Es wird in Verbindung mit und zusätzlich zu EN 16247-1, Energieaudits — Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
angewendet. Es stellt zusätzliche Anforderungen zu EN 16247-1 bereit und wird gleichzeitig angewendet.
Falls Prozesse durch den Anwendungsbereich des Energieaudits erfasst werden, kann sich der Energieauditor
für die Anwendung von EN 16247-3, Energieaudits — Teil 3: Prozesse entscheiden. Falls Transporte auf einem
Gelände vor Ort durch den Anwendungsbereich des Energieaudits erfasst werden, kann sich der Energieauditor
für die Anwendung von EN 16247-4, Energieaudits — Teil 4: Transport entscheiden.
Audits énergétiques - Partie 2 : Bâtiments
Le présent document est applicable aux exigences spécifiques relatives aux audits énergétiques dans les bâtiments. Il spécifie les exigences, la méthodologie et les livrables d’un audit énergétique réalisé dans un bâtiment ou un groupe de bâtiments. Il est appliqué conjointement avec l’EN 16247 1, Audits énergétiques - Partie 1 : Exigences générales et est complémentaire avec celle-ci. Il fournit des exigences complémentaires à celles de l’EN 16247 1 et est appliqué simultanément.
Si des processus sont inclus dans le champ d’application de l’audit énergétique, l’auditeur énergétique peut choisir d’appliquer l’EN 16247 3, Audits énergétiques - Partie 3 : Procédés. Si le transport sur un site est inclus dans le champ d’application de l’audit énergétique, l’auditeur énergétique peut choisir d’appliquer l’EN 16247 4, Audits énergétiques - Partie 4 : Transport.
Energetske presoje - 2. del: Stavbe
Ta dokument se uporablja za določene zahteve energetske presoje v stavbah. Določa zahteve, metodologijo in končne izsledke energetske presoje v stavbi ali skupini stavb, uporablja pa se skupaj s standardom EN 16247-1, Energetske presoje – 1. del: Splošne zahteve, in ga dopolnjuje. Vsebuje dodatne zahteve k standardu EN 16247-1 in se uporablja istočasno.
Če so v obseg energetske presoje vključeni procesi, lahko energetski presojevalec uporabi standard EN 16247-3, Energetske presoje – 3. del: Procesi. Če je v obseg energetske presoje vključen transport znotraj mesta presoje, lahko energetski presojevalec uporabi standard EN 16247-4, Energetske presoje – 4. del: Transport.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16247-2:2014
Energetske presoje - 2. del: Stavbe
Energy audits - Part 2: Buildings
Energieaudits - Teil 2: Gebäude
Audits énergétiques - Partie 2: Bâtiments
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16247-2:2022
ICS:
03.100.70 Sistemi vodenja Management systems
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
91.040.01 Stavbe na splošno Buildings in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16247-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2022
ICS 03.120.10; 27.015; 91.120.10
Supersedes EN 16247-2:2014
English version
Energy audits - Part 2: Buildings
Audits énergétiques - Partie 2 : Bâtiments Energieaudits - Teil 2: Gebäude
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 July 2022.
CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. EN 16247-2:2022 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Quality requirements . 8
4.1 Energy auditor . 8
4.1.1 Competency . 8
4.1.2 Confidentiality . 8
4.1.3 Objectivity . 8
4.1.4 Transparency . 8
4.2 Energy audit process . 8
5 Elements of the energy audit process . 9
5.1 Preliminary contact . 9
5.2 Start-up meeting . 10
5.3 Collecting data . 10
5.3.1 General . 10
5.3.2 Information request . 10
5.3.3 Review of the available data. 12
5.3.4 Preliminary data analysis . 12
5.4 Measurement plan . 12
5.5 Sampling methods . 12
5.6 Field work . 13
5.6.1 Aim of field work . 13
5.6.2 Conduct . 13
5.6.3 Site visits . 13
5.7 Analysis . 13
5.7.1 General . 13
5.7.2 Energy breakdown. 14
5.7.3 Energy performance indicators . 14
5.7.4 Energy Performance Improvement Actions (EPIA) . 15
5.8 Report . 15
5.8.1 General . 15
5.8.2 Content of report . 15
5.9 Final meeting . 15
Annex A (informative) Examples of parties of an energy audit in buildings . 16
Annex B (informative) Examples of checklists for energy audit field work in buildings . 17
B.1 General . 17
B.2 Checklist . 17
B.3 Building visit checklist . 18
B.4 The building envelope . 19
B.5 Useful documents . 20
Annex C (informative) Examples of the analysis of energy use in buildings . 22
C.1 Overview of the energy use in a building . 22
C.2 Analysis of the energy use in a building . 23
C.3 Energy breakdown examples . 23
Annex D (informative) Examples of analysis checklists for energy audits in buildings . 26
D.1 General . 26
D.2 Checklist . 26
Annex E (informative) Examples of energy performance indicators in buildings . 30
E.1 General . 30
E.2 Global indicators . 30
E.3 Detailed indicators . 30
Annex F (informative) Examples of EPIA opportunities in buildings . 31
Annex G (informative) Examples of analysis and savings calculations in energy audits in
buildings . 32
G.1 Roof insulation . 32
G.2 Ventilation system . 35
Annex H (informative) Examples of the reporting of an energy audit in buildings . 39
H.1 General . 39
H.2 Table of contents . 39
Annex I (informative) Example of energy performance verification method in buildings . 41
I.1 General . 41
I.2 Energy signature . 41
Bibliography . 43
European foreword
This document (EN 16247-2:2022) has been prepared by the Joint Technical Committee CEN-
CENELEC/JTC 14 “Energy management and energy efficiency in the framework of energy transition”,
the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN-CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16247-2:2014.
Significant changes compared to the previous edition are:
a) terms and definition updated;
b) structure aligned with EN 16247-1.
This document is part of series EN 16247 “Energy audits”, which comprises the following:
— Part 1: General requirements;
— Part 2: Buildings;
— Part 3: Processes;
— Part 4: Transport;
— Part 5: Competence of energy auditors.
This Part provides additional material to Part 1 for the Buildings sector and is intended to be used in
conjunction with Part 1.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN and CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN and CENELEC
websites.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
An energy audit can help an organization to identify opportunities to improve energy performance. It
can be part of a site wide energy management system.
The use and operation of buildings requires the provision of services such as heating, cooling,
humidification, dehumidification, ventilation, lighting, domestic hot water, transportation systems
(e.g. elevators, escalators and moving walkways) in buildings, information systems, including building
automation and control systems, and processes. In addition, energy is used by appliances within the
building.
The energy consumption depends on:
— local climatic conditions;
— the characteristics of the building envelope;
— the designed indoor environment conditions;
— the characteristics and settings of the technical building systems;
— activities and processes in the building;
— occupant behaviour and operational regime.
Dealing with buildings, the audited objects are sometimes similar, technically simple and numerous (as
in the residential sector) but can also be unique, complex and highly technical (such as hospitals,
swimming pools and spas, etc.).
Energy audits in buildings may include the whole building or parts of the building or some technical
system.
Energy performance indicators (benchmark values, if available) or average statistical specific energy
consumption data are usually published nationally for different building types and ages. This
information can be used in the analysis to provide comparative energy performance evaluation.
NOTE The energy audits covered under this standard might be independent from building energy
performance certification and other legislative requirements.
1 Scope
This document is applicable to specific energy audit requirements in buildings. It specifies the
requirements, methodology and deliverables of an energy audit in a building or group of buildings. It is
applied in conjunction with, and is supplementary to, EN 16247-1, Energy audits — Part 1: General
requirements. It provides additional requirements to EN 16247-1 and is applied simultaneously.
If processes are included in the scope of the energy audit, the energy auditor can choose to apply
EN 16247-3, Energy audits — Part 3: Processes. If on-site transport on a site is included in the scope of
the energy audit, the energy auditor can choose to apply EN 16247-4, Energy audits —
Part 4: Transport.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16247-1:2022, Energy audits — Part 1: General requirements
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1:
General framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16247-1 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
building
construction as a whole, including the fabric and all technical building systems, where energy may be
used to condition the indoor environment, to provide domestic hot water and illumination and other
services related to the use of the building
Note 1 to entry: The term refers to the physical building as a whole, or to all parts thereof, that at least include
the spaces and technical building systems that are relevant for the energy performance assessment.
Note 2 to entry: Parts of a building can be physically detached but are on the same building site. For example: a
canteen or a guard house or one or more classrooms of a school in a detached part of a building, or an essential
space in a dwelling (e.g. bedroom).
[SOURCE: EN ISO 52000-1:2017]
3.2
system boundary
boundary that includes within it all areas associated with the audited object (both inside and outside
the audited object) where energy is consumed or produced
Note 1 to entry: Inside the system boundary the system losses are taken into account explicitly, outside the
system boundary they are taken into account in a conversion factor.
3.3
energy need
energy to be delivered to or extracted from a building in a defined time period by a technical system to
provide a building service
3.4
energy carrier
substance or physical phenomenon that can be used directly or indirectly to be transformed into useful
energy
Note 1 to entry: The default energy content of fuels is gross calorific value.
3.5
delivered energy
energy, expressed per energy carrier, supplied to the technical building systems through the
assessment boundary, to satisfy the uses taken into account or to produce the exported energy
Note 1 to entry: Delivered energy can be calculated for defined energy uses or it can be measured.
Note 2 to entry: Energy uses include heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances, etc.
3.6
produced energy
heat or electricity generated within the system boundary
Note 1 to entry: Produced energy can be used within the system boundary or exported.
3.7
exported energy
energy, expressed for each energy carrier, delivered by the technical building systems through the
system boundary and used outside the system boundary
Note 1 to entry: It can be specified by generation types (e.g. CHP, photovoltaic, etc.) in order to apply different
weighting factors.
Note 2 to entry: Exported energy can be calculated or it can be measured.
3.8
building services
the services provided by the technical building systems and by appliances to condition the indoor
environment (thermal comfort, air quality, visual and acoustic quality) and other services related to the
use of the building
3.9
technical building system
technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, humidification, dehumidification, domestic hot
water, lighting, information systems including building automation and control, and on-site energy
production
Note 1 to entry: A technical building system can refer to one or a combination of building services (e.g. heating
system include heating, domestic hot water system and controls).
Note 2 to entry: A technical building system is composed of different subsystems and includes controls.
Note 3 to entry: On-site energy production can include heat or electricity.
3.10
energy performance improvement action
EPIA
action or measure or group of action or measures implemented or planned within an organization
intended to achieve energy performance improvement through technological, managerial or
operational, behavioural, economical, or other changes
[SOURCE: ISO 50015:2014, 3.5]
4 Quality requirements
4.1 Energy auditor
4.1.1 Competency
The energy auditor shall demonstrate that they have qualifications or experience covering the scope,
complexity and thoroughness of the audit.
NOTE See EN 16247-5.
4.1.2 Confidentiality
The energy auditor shall respect all the legal and commercial confidentiality requirements agreed with
the organization, which cover all parties involved, such as tenants, maintenance organizations, building
occupants.
4.1.3 Objectivity
Objectivity is defined in EN 16247-1:2022, 4.1.3.
4.1.4 Transparency
Transparency is defined in EN 16247-1:2022, 4.1.4.
4.2 Energy audit process
When a sampling method is used, any selected sample of spaces, systems or equipment shall be
representative of the whole building or of a group of buildings.
NOTE 1 When sampling methods are used the audit level, as defined in EN 16247-1:2022, Annex B, should be
documented.
NOTE 2 See informative Annex A of EN 16247-1:2022 for a flow diagram of the energy audit process.
5 Elements of the energy audit process
5.1 Preliminary contact
The energy auditor shall identify all parties/organizations and their roles in ownership, management,
use, operation and maintenance of the building and their respective impacts and interests on energy
use and consumption.
NOTE 1 See informative Annex A: Examples of parties of an energy audit in buildings.
The scope of the audit should be agreed to cover technical interaction of the systems within the
building, and the interaction of the systems with the building. Optimization of some specific energy use
to the exclusion of others may give misleading results.
The agreed aims of the energy audit may contain:
a) reducing energy consumption and costs;
b) reducing environmental impact;
c) checking or ensuring indoor environment for quality of health and well-being (for example,
comfort, indoor air quality, and illuminance levels);
d) complying with legislation or with voluntary obligations.
The energy audit scope and boundaries shall define what is included, in terms of:
e) which buildings from a list of buildings or parts of a building;
f) which energy services;
g) which technical building systems;
h) which areas and systems outside the building;
i) which energy performance indicators could be used as appropriate to the audit.
The energy audit level of thoroughness, as defined in EN 16247-1:2022, Annex B shall be agreed, taking
into account that it will impact:
j) time on site;
k) choice of samples;
l) requirements of modelling;
m) requirements for measurements;
n) requirements of metering, including sub-metering;
o) requirements of defining the energy performance improvement actions (EPIA);
p) required auditor’s skills.
NOTE 2 See EN 16247-1:2022 informative Annex B: Examples of energy audit level.
5.2 Start-up meeting
During the start-up meeting the energy auditor shall agree with the organization on:
a) timing of site visits, e.g. whether within or outside normal working hours;
b) level of occupant engagement;
c) areas of restricted access;
d) potential health hazards and risks.
The energy auditor shall, where available, obtain from the organization:
e) set-points and operational limits of indoor environmental conditions (such as temperatures, air
flows, air quality, illuminance, noise) and any seasonal variations;
f) occupancy patterns for the different range of activities within the building;
g) comments from any occupant or other party on operational performance of the building and the
level of the building service;
h) energy certificates prepared for the building;
i) whether any building occupant awareness or motivation programmes have been implemented.
5.3 Collecting data
5.3.1 General
The data collection shall be appropriate to the scope and level of thoroughness of the energy audit.
5.3.2 Information request
The energy auditor shall collect with the organization the following data as required by the scope and
level of thoroughness of the energy audit:
a) energy carriers, present and available;
b) energy related data:
1) delivered, produced and exported energy, for each energy carrier (for example, identify the
energy streams for a CHP unit, or for photovoltaic systems where production is used locally or
exported);
2) energy consumption data (or readings with related time and date) of any available meters,
counters or monitoring systems (e.g. heat meter, domestic hot water meter, fuel meter, burner
hour counter);
3) data from individual metering, if available;
4) short-interval (e.g. hourly) energy demand / load curve, if available;
5) relevant related measurements;
The frequency of the data should be appropriate to the scope and thoroughness of the energy audit.
Building energy audits may deal with hourly, daily, weekly or monthly consumption data as
available and appropriate.
NOTE Where only annual data are available, monthly profiles may be estimated, depending on the level of
thoroughness of the audit.
The energy related data should be recorded by the building and control system if available.
c) Information for quantifying the relevant variable and static factors affecting energy consumption
should be recorded by the building control system if available:
1) climatic data (e.g. temperature, degree-days, hygrometry, lighting) from the local building
automation and control system (BACS), if available;
2) type of building and requirements of building usage;
3) occupancy patterns, including vacation and out of hours periods;
4) internal set points and other environmental criteria.
d) information on important changes in the past 3 years or the period covered by the available
operational data, concerning:
1) the physical form of the building;
2) the spaces – either in dimension and/or in use;
3) the building envelope (renovation of windows, added insulation, etc.);
4) the technical building systems and the areas they serve;
5) the tenant arrangements;
6) occupancy of spaces (different occupancy times, extended hours behaviour and internal loads);
7) set points and occupant behaviour;
e) values to be used, adapted to the local/national performance indicators (if relevant):
1) floor area;
2) building volume;
3) others;
f) existing design, operation and maintenance documents and information, such as:
1) as-built building plans, and any changes in them since the last audit, if applicable;
2) any external factors that may influence the energy performance of the building (e.g. shading by
adjacent trees or buildings);
3) indications of supplied building services (i.e. which rooms or zones are heated, cooled,
ventilated) on the building lay-out plan;
4) technical building system schematics, indicating the system zones, if any;
5) control diagrams and settings;
6) appliance and component data and ratings;
g) the building information model (BIM) and/or design models of the building, if available;
h) energy using equipment in the occupied spaces and other internal loads.
5.3.3 Review of the available data
The energy auditor shall review the information collected and provided by the organization.
The energy auditor shall review whether the scope and boundaries of the energy audit is still
appropriate once initial information has been received.
The energy auditor shall judge whether or not the information provided by the organization allows the
energy audit process to continue and the agreed objectives to be achieved.
Where there is missing data the organization will be given a choice to produce the missing data or
accept that the auditor will have to make assumptions (that will be clearly detailed).
The energy auditor shall, based on experience and competence, choose the energy using systems and
items to be checked on site, depending on the aim, scope and thoroughness of the energy audit.
5.3.4 Preliminary data analysis
The energy auditor shall carry out an analysis of the data collected to:
a) undertake a preliminary analysis of the audited object’s energy balance on the basis of energy data;
b) establish the relevant variables and static factors;
c) establish the relevant energy performance indicators;
d) evaluate the distribution of energy consumption (consumption breakdown) if possible, depending
on the measured data available;
e) define the significant energy uses;
f) if there is sufficient information, establish an initial energy reference (energy baseline) to be used
for quantifying the impacts of energy saving interventions;
g) plan further data collection and measurement to be carried out during field work.
The energy auditor should develop a preliminary list of EPIA.
5.4 Measurement plan
See EN 16247-1:2022, 5.4.
5.5 Sampling methods
See EN 16247-1:2022, 5.5.
5.6 Field work
5.6.1 Aim of field work
The energy auditor shall inspect the audited object(s) within the scope and boundaries of the audit. The
energy auditor shall:
a) inspect the site against the data received;
b) evaluate for each significant building service the actual and future level of service (e.g. temperature,
humidity, illuminance level, etc.);
c) check that the technical systems are adequate for the intended purpose; i.e. can deliver the required
level of service;
d) evaluate the performance of the technical systems, taking into account the generation, storage,
distribution and emission system and control;
e) understand the drivers for the changes in the technical systems, such as seasonal demands;
f) look for EPIA and related constraints and restrictions.
NOTE See Informative Annex B: Checklist for energy audit field work in buildings.
5.6.2 Conduct
The conduct of an energy auditor during field work is defined in EN 16247-1: 2022, 5.6.2.
5.6.3 Site visits
Site visits are defined in EN 16247-1:2022, 5.6.3.
The energy auditor shall ask the organization to:
a) arrange access (read only) to building automation and control system (BACS) and electronic data
sources;
b) provide authorized assistance for any tests and operations required in the energy audit,
e.g. switching on or off systems and equipment, provide access to the electrical incoming feeder bay
for measurements;
c) arrange access to the parts of the building which are defined as relevant for conducting the energy
audit.
5.7 Analysis
5.7.1 General
In an energy audit in buildings the auditor shall analyse the energy saving potential according to the
scope and aim of the audit.
The analysis shall deliver at least:
a) for each building service a comparison of actual against appropriate level of service (such as indoor
environmental criteria, etc.). The level of service (e.g. temperature, quality of air, illuminance,
noise) shall not be compromised by any proposed EPIA. Legislative compliance notwithstanding,
the level of service may, however, be changed if agreed with the organization (e.g. change of indoor
temperature to reduce heating or cooling demands);
b) evaluation of the actual performance of the technical systems against a suitable reference;
c) evaluation of the performance of the building envelope;
NOTE Levels of insulation, thermal bridges, air tightness etc.
d) evaluation of the energy performance of the whole building, taking into account the potential
interaction between technical systems and the building envelope.
When considering EPIA, the energy auditor shall:
e) consider the interaction between the technical building systems, with the building envelope,
external environment and the activities performed within the building. EN ISO 52000-1:2017
allows the quantification of this interaction;
f) take into account all possible impacts for all delivered energy for different time periods
(e.g. occupied and unoccupied) and different seasons, that could lead to adverse situations
regarding energy savings (for example, replacement of lighting may decrease internal heat gains,
thereby increasing heating loads and reducing cooling loads);
g) evaluate potential impact that energy saving interventions will have on the ratings in the energy
performance certificates, environmental performance certificates and health and wellbeing, if
appropriate.
The energy audit should include a review of contracts for the supply of energy and the requirements for
the inspection and maintenance of technical equipment in terms of impact on energy efficiency and the
cost.
5.7.2 Energy breakdown
The energy auditor details:
a) breakdown of the delivered energy by energy carrier in terms of consumption, cost and emissions
in consistent units (e.g. pie-charts);
b) breakdown the energy end-use by service and other use in absolute or specific numbers and in
consistent energy units (e.g. pie-charts);
c) if applied, inventory of installed onsite energy production and export to third parties, in absolute
numbers.
The energy breakdown shall be representative of the energy input and energy use. Also, it shall be clear
which energy flows are based on measurements and which on estimations/calculations.
NOTE 1 See Informative Annex C: Examples of the analysis of energy use in buildings.
NOTE 2 See Informative Annex D: Examples of analysis checklist for energy audits in buildings.
5.7.3 Energy performance indicators
The calculation of the energy performance indicators (such as specific energy consumption or use) or
building specific baselines shall be included in the analysis as appropriate. The energy auditor and
organization shall agree on the energy performance metric(s) to be used.
NOTE See Informative Annex E: Examples of energy performance indicators in buildings.
5.7.4 Energy Performance Improvement Actions (EPIA)
The energy auditor shall identify EPIA on the basis of:
a) their own expertise;
b) comparison against benchmarks if applicable;
NOTE 1 This can provide first indication of improvement opportunities but will not provide details.
c) the building and technical systems age, condition, how they are operated and maintained;
d) the technology of existing systems and equipment in comparison to the best available technology;
e) best practices.
NOTE 2 See Informative Annex F: Examples of energy EPIA in buildings.
NOTE 3 See Informative Annex G: Examples of analysis and savings calculations in energy audits in buildings.
NOTE 4 Opportunities for renewable energy and energy storage could be considered in agreement with the
organization according to the agreed scope of the energy audit.
5.8 Report
5.8.1 General
The reporting format shall be targeted such that it is relevant to both technical and executive personnel.
The energy savings interventions should be reported in the following categories:
a) high cost measures (building envelope, technical building equipment, etc.);
b) low cost measures (adaption of operation mode, reduction of supply losses, etc.);
c) training and awareness of end-users (training and motivation, and behaviour change);
d) review requirements of comfort, health and well-being (temperature- and humidity-level, room
size, etc.).
5.8.2 Content of report
The report should include recommendations for future measurement and verification methods for the
EPIA proposed. See Annex I for an example.
NOTE See Informative Annex H: Examples of the reporting of an energy audit in buildings.
5.9 Final meeting
The requirements for a final meeting are defined in EN 16247-1:2022, 5.9.
Annex A
(informative)
Examples of parties of an energy audit in buildings
Examples of parties involved in a building energy audit and their roles are shown below.
NOTE (x) means indirect involvement.
Table A.1 — Examples of parties of an Energy Audit
Party Possible Data Involved in Involved in
recipient provider the the field
of the meetings work
energy
audit
building or apartment owner X X X
property manager X X X
facilities manager X X X X
engineering services manager X X X
operation and maintenance X X X
staff
security staff (x) (x)
occupant
staff (who work there (x) Partly
permanently)
temporary (patients, clients
in a shop)
tenants
Annex B
(informative)
Examples of checklists for energy audit field work in buildings
B.1 General
In visiting the building and systems, the energy auditor should gather suitable information to evaluate
actual performance of the audited object and to assess feasibility of improvements.
B.2 Checklist
This checklist contains examples for the auditor’s field work (what to inspect) but it can be also used for
defining the scope of the audit or initial data collection.
Table B.1
Main item Sub-items to inspect Check
The building envelope Heating related properties
Air-tightness
Cooling related properties
Daylighting related properties including glazing
type
The heating system(s) and control Room equipment
Distribution
Generation and thermal storage
The domestic hot water system(s) Fixtures
and control
Distribution
Storage
Generation and thermal storage
The cooling system(s) and control Room equipment
Distribution
Generation and thermal storage
The ventilation and air Room equipment
conditioning system and control
Air-handling units
Heat recovery
The lighting system and control
Domestic appliances
Office appliances
Main item Sub-items to inspect Check
Other appliances (e.g. medical)
Internal transport systems Elevators, escalators, moving walkways
Freeze-protection systems and Heated areas, trace heating
control
Electric energy distribution Transformers, UPS, reactive power correction
Other utilities Steam, compressed air, medical gases
The building automation and
control system (BACS)
Other energy using systems Swimming pools
B.3 Building visit checklist
This checklist below can be used for the auditor’s field work as a guide to the places to visit (where to
go).
Table B.2
Main item Places to be visited Check
The building envelope Roof
Walls
Windows
Basement
The heating system(s) and control the boiler room
heat distribution rooms
distribution manifolds and channels
The domestic hot water system(s) the boiler room
and control
storage
individual domestic
The cooling system(s) and control the chiller room or the roof where cooling
equipment is located
The ventilation and air mechanical rooms where air handling units are
conditioning system and control located
technical spaces
Main item Places to be visited Check
The lighting system and control sample rooms, by usage
common areas
external illuminated areas
Domestic appliances sample residential dwellings
Office appliances sample rooms, by usage
data centres
Other appliances (e.g. medical, .)
Internal transport systems elevators, escalators, moving walkways…
Freeze-protection systems and power distribution panels
control
protected areas
heated areas, trace heating,…
Electric energy distribution the transformer room
power distribution rooms
UPS room
Other utilities the steam generation plant
steam distribution headers
condensate collection tanks and pumps
the compressors room
compressed air headers and drains
swimming pool plant
other service production rooms
other distribution
The building automation and electronic access
control system (BACS)
Other energy using systems Swimming pools
B.4 The building envelope
Aspects to be considered in visiting each building envelope elements:
a) U-value and possible improvements and restrictions (accessibility, height, possible resulting
thermal bridges, conflicts with building use and appearance);
b) shading and possible improvements and restrictions (for glazed elements and cooling);
c) thermal inertia of the building;
d) air tightness;
e) joints and thermal bridges.
NOTE This is not the same as indoor spaces visit. The focus here is on the building elements and their
properties.
Indoor spaces:
f) typical sample rooms for each use (apartments, offices in an office building, classrooms in a school);
g) spaces with high air flows / ventilation rates (auditoriums, conference centres, restaurants);
h) spaces where there is heavy energy use / high electrical load:
1) kitchen;
2) computer / server rooms;
3) pool areas, etc., other special rooms.
Outdoor areas:
i) main entrances;
j) loading areas;
k) parking area lighting;
l) heated areas e.g. snow melting.
B.5 Useful documents
The energy auditor needs documents and drawings of the building and its technical systems for the
audit work.
The auditor should be aware that even if documents are available, they may not contain the correct
information/latest updates and therefore all essential information should be checked during site
inspection.
Examples of relevant documents:
a) building:
1) building plans;
2) building zoning;
i) asset r
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