EN ISO 3451-1:2008

Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods (ISO 3451-1:2008)

ISO 3451-1:2008 specifies general methods, with suitable test conditions, for the determination of the ash of a range of plastics (resins and compounds). The particular conditions chosen may be included in the specifications for the plastic material in question.
Particular conditions applicable to poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials, unplasticized cellulose acetate, polyamides and poly(vinyl chloride) plastics, including some specific filled, glass-fibre-reinforced and flame-retarded materials, are specified in ISO 3451‑2, ISO 3451‑3, ISO 3451‑4 and ISO 3451‑5.

Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Asche - Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundlagen (ISO 3451-1:2008)

Dieser Teil von ISO 3451 beschreibt die allgemeinen Grundlagen sowie geeignete Prüfbedingungen zur Bestimmung der Asche für eine Reihe von Kunststoffen (Polymere und Formmassen). Die gewählten speziellen Prüfbedingungen können in den Materialspezifikationen des betreffenden Kunststoffes enthalten sein.
Die für Polyalkylenterephthalate, weichmacherfreies Celluloseacetat, Polyamide und Polyvinylchlorid, ein¬schließlich einiger Füllstoff enthaltender, glasfaserverstärkter und Flammen hemmender Materialien, gelten¬den speziellen Bedingungen sind in den ISO 3451 2, ISO 3451 3, ISO 3451 4 und ISO 3451 5 festgelegt.

Plastiques - Détermination du taux de cendres - Partie 1: Méthodes générales (ISO 3451-1:2008)

L'ISO 3451-1:2008 spécifie des méthodes générales et les conditions d'essai appropriées correspondantes qui permettent de déterminer le taux de cendres d'une gamme de plastiques (résines et compositions). Les conditions particulières choisies peuvent figurer dans les spécifications relatives au matériau plastique considéré.
Les conditions particulières applicables aux poly(téréphtalates d'alkylène), à l'acétate de cellulose non plastifié, aux polyamides et aux poly(chlorures de vinyle), y compris certaines matières contenant des charges spécifiques, renforcés de fibres de verre et ignifugés, sont spécifiées dans l'ISO 3451‑2, l'ISO 3451‑3, l'ISO 3451‑4 et l'ISO 3451‑5.

Polimerni materiali - Določevanje pepela - 1. del: Splošne metode (ISO 3451-1:2008)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2008
• Withdrawal Date: 05-Mar-2019
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Completion Date: 06-Mar-2019
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 3451-1:2008 - Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods (ISO 3451-1:2008)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 3451-1:1997 - Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods (ISO 3451-1:1997)
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008
• Replaced By: EN ISO 3451-1:2019 - Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods (ISO 3451-1:2019)
• Effective Date: 13-Mar-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 3451-1:2000
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL'RORþHYDQMHSHSHODGHO6SORãQHPHWRGH,62

Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods (ISO 3451-1:2008)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Asche - Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundlagen (ISO 3451-1:2008)
Plastiques - Détermination du taux de cendres - Partie 1: Méthodes générales (ISO 3451
-1:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3451-1:2008
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 3451-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2008
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 3451-1:1997
English Version
Plastics - Determination of ash - Part 1: General methods (ISO
3451-1:2008)
Plastiques - Détermination du taux de cendres - Partie 1: Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Asche - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Méthodes générales (ISO 3451-1:2008) Grundlagen (ISO 3451-1:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 July 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3451-1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 3451-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3451-1:1997.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3451-1:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 3451-1:2008 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3451-1
Fourth edition
2008-08-01
Plastics — Determination of ash —
Part 1:
General methods
Plastiques — Détermination du taux de cendres —
Partie 1: Méthodes générales
Reference number
ISO 3451-1:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
ISO 3451-1:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 3451-1:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle .2
5 Reagents (for methods B and C only).2
6 Apparatus.2
7 Procedure.3
7.1 Test portion.3
7.2 Test conditions.3
7.3 Method A — Direct calcination .4
7.4 Method B — Calcination following sulfuric acid treatment after burning .4
7.5 Method C — Calcination following sulfuric acid treatment before burning.5
8 Number of tests .5
9 Expression of results.5
10 Precision .5
11 Test report.6

ISO 3451-1:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3451-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3451-1:1997), which has been technically
revised, in particular with respect to the mass of the test portion used (see 7.1).
ISO 3451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Determination of ash:
⎯ Part 1: General methods
⎯ Part 2: Poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials
⎯ Part 3: Unplasticized cellulose acetate
⎯ Part 4: Polyamides
⎯ Part 5: Poly(vinyl chloride)

iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3451-1:2008(E)

Plastics — Determination of ash —
Part 1:
General methods
SAFETY STATEMENT — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice, if applicable. This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any regulatory requirements.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 3451 specifies general methods, with suitable test conditions, for the determination of the ash
of a range of plastics (resins and compounds). The particular conditions chosen may be included in the
specifications for the plastic material in question.
Particular conditions applicable to poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials, unplasticized cellulose acetate,
polyamides and poly(vinyl chloride) plastics, including some specific filled, glass-fibre-reinforced and flame-
retarded materials, are specified in ISO 3451-2, ISO 3451-3, ISO 3451-4 and ISO 3451-5.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 apply.
ISO 3451-1:2008(E)
4 Principle
It is possible to determine the ash of an organic material by three main methods:
a) Direct calcination, i.e. by burning the organic matter and heating the residue at high temperature until
constant mass is reached (method A).
b) Calcination after sulfation, which may be carried out by two different procedures:
⎯ With sulfuric acid treatment after burning, i.e. by burning the organic matter, transforming the
inorganic residue into sulfates with concentrated sulfuric acid and heating the residue at high
temperature until constant mass is reached. This is the common method of obtaining “sulfated ash”
(method B).
⎯ With sulfuric acid treatment before burning, i.e. by heating the organic matter together with
concentrated sulfuric acid up to temperatures where fuming and subsequent burning of the organic
matter occur, and finally heating the residue at high temperature until constant mass is reached
(method C). This procedure may be used if volatile metal halides are liable to evaporate during
burning of the organic matter. It is not applicable to silicones or fluorine-containing polymers.
In each case, the final step of the procedure is calcination at 600 °C, 750 °C, 850 °C or 950 °C until constant
mass is reached (see 7.2).
NOTE The mass of the ash may vary with the temperature of ignition. For example, higher temperatures such as
850 °C will convert calcium carbonate and other carbonates to their oxides and thus give lower values for the ash.
5 Reagents (for methods B and C only)
During the analysis, use only reagents of analytical grade and only distilled water or water of equivalent purity.
5.1 Ammonium carbonate, anhydrous.
5.2 Ammonium nitrate, approximately 10 % (by mass) solution.
5.3 Sulfuric acid, ρ = 1,84 g/cm .
WARNING — Highly corrosive. Handle with suitable skin and eye protection in a fume cupboard.
Reacts exothermically with water.
5.4 Sulfuric acid, 50 % (by volume) solution.
WARNING — Handle with care. Prepare by slowly adding the concentrated acid to water.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Crucible, made of silica, porcelain or platinum, inert to the material tested. The use of a crucible
lid/watch-glass may be beneficial f
...