EN 16272-1:2023
(Main)Railway applications - Infrastructure - Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics - Sound absorption under diffuse sound field conditions
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics - Sound absorption under diffuse sound field conditions
This European Standard specifies the laboratory method for measuring the sound absorption performance of railway noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation in reverberant conditions. It covers the assessment of the intrinsic sound absorption performance of devices that can reasonably be assembled inside the testing facility described in EN ISO 354.
This method is not intended for the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption of noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation to be installed on railways in non-reverberant conditions.
The test method in EN ISO 354 referred to in this European Standard excludes devices that act as weakly damped resonators. Some devices will depart significantly from these requirements and in these cases, care is needed in interpreting the results.
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Lärmschutzwände und verwandte Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der akustischen Eigenschaften - Teil 1: Produktspezifische Merkmale - Schallabsorption (Labormethode) bei diffusen Schallfeldern
Dieses Dokument legt die Labormethode zur Messung der Schallabsorptionsfähigkeit von Lärmschutzwänden für Eisenbahnen und verwandten Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung unter halligen Bedingungen fest. Sie beinhaltet die Bewertung der produktspezifischen Merkmale von Vorrichtungen gegen Schallübertragung, die in den Prüfeinrichtungen nach EN ISO 354 untersucht werden können.
Dieses Verfahren ist nicht für die Bestimmung der produktspezifischen Eigenschaften der Schallabsorption von Lärmschutzwänden und verwandten Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung bestimmt, die für Schienenwege unter nicht halligen Bedingungen zu installieren sind.
Die Prüfmethode nach EN ISO 354, auf die in diesem Dokument verwiesen wird, schließt Vorrichtungen aus, die als schwach bedämpfte Resonatoren wirken. Allerdings weichen einige Vorrichtungen bedeutsam von diesen Anforderungen ab, die Bewertung der Ergebnisse kann nicht eindeutig sein.
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Dispositifs de réduction du bruit - Méthode d'essai pour la détermination des performances acoustique - Partie 1: Caractéristique intrinsèques - Absorption acoustique dans des conditions de champ acoustique diffus
Le présent document définit la méthode en salle réverbérante permettant de mesurer les performances d'absorption acoustique des dispositifs de réduction du bruit dans des conditions de champ réverbéré. Il couvre l'évaluation des performances intrinsèques d'absorption acoustique des dispositifs qui peuvent raisonnablement être assemblés à l'intérieur du local d'essai décrit dans l'EN ISO 354.
La présente méthode n'est pas destinée à déterminer les caractéristiques intrinsèques de l'absorption acoustique des dispositifs de réduction du bruit destinés à être installés sur des voies ferrées en conditions de champ non réverbéré.
La méthode d'essai de l'EN ISO 354 référencée dans le présent document exclut les dispositifs qui agissent comme des résonateurs faiblement amortis. Comme certains dispositifs s'écartent de ces exigences, l'interprétation des résultats peut alors être difficile.
Železniške naprave - Infrastruktura - Protihrupne ovire in pripadajoče naprave, ki vplivajo na širjenje zvoka v zraku - Preskusna metoda za ugotavljanje akustičnih lastnosti - 1. del: Posebne karakteristike - Absorpcija zvoka pri razpršenem zvočnem polju
Ta evropski standard določa laboratorijsko metodo za merjenje absorpcije zvoka protihrupnih ovir in pripadajočih naprav, ki vplivajo na širjenje zvoka po zraku, v odmevnih pogojih. Zajema vrednotenje značilne absorpcije zvoka naprav, ki jih je mogoče razumno sestaviti v preizkuševalnem laboratoriju, opisanem v standardu EN ISO 354.
Ta metoda ni namenjena ugotavljanju posebnih karakteristik absorpcije zvoka protihrupnih ovir in pripadajočih naprav, ki vplivajo na širjenje zvoka po zraku, za namestitev na železnicah v neodmevnih pogojih.
Preskusna metoda iz standarda EN ISO 354, ki je navedena v tem evropskem standardu, ne velja za naprave, ki delujejo kot rahlo dušeni resonatorji. Pri napravah, ki so precej neskladne s temi zahtevami, je pri razlagi rezultatov potrebna visoka stopnja previdnosti.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2024
Železniške naprave - Infrastruktura - Protihrupne ovire in pripadajoče naprave, ki
vplivajo na širjenje zvoka v zraku - Preskusna metoda za ugotavljanje akustičnih
lastnosti - 1. del: Posebne karakteristike - Absorpcija zvoka pri razpršenem
zvočnem polju
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation - Test method for determining the acoustic performance -
Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics - Sound absorption under diffuse sound field conditions
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Lärmschutzwände und verwandte Vorrichtungen zur
Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der
akustischen Eigenschaften - Teil 1: Produktspezifische Merkmale - Schallabsorption
(Labormethode) bei diffusen Schallfeldern
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Dispositifs de réduction du bruit - Méthode
d'essai pour la détermination des performances acoustique - Partie 1: Caractéristique
intrinsèques - Absorption acoustique dans des conditions de champ acoustique diffus
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16272-1:2023
ICS:
17.140.30 Emisija hrupa transportnih Noise emitted by means of
sredstev transport
93.100 Gradnja železnic Construction of railways
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16272-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.100 Supersedes EN 16272-1:2012
English Version
Railway applications - Infrastructure - Noise barriers and
related devices acting on airborne sound propagation -
Test method for determining the acoustic performance -
Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics - Sound absorption under
diffuse sound field conditions
Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Dispositifs Bahnanwendungen - Infrastruktur - Lärmschutzwände
de réduction du bruit - Méthode d'essai pour la und verwandte Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der
détermination des performances acoustique - Partie 1: Luftschallausbreitung - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung
Caractéristique intrinsèques - Absorption acoustique der akustischen Eigenschaften - Teil 1:
dans des conditions de champ acoustique diffus Produktspezifische Merkmale - Schallabsorption unter
den Bedingungen eines diffusen Schallfeldes
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 October 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16272-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
4 Test arrangement . 10
5 Test procedure and evaluation . 14
5.1 Test method . 14
5.2 Measurement uncertainty . 17
6 Test report . 18
6.1 Expression of results . 18
6.2 Further information . 18
Annex A (informative) On the realization of a diffuse sound field . 19
A.1 General . 19
A.2 Additional information on the diffuseness of the sound field in a reverberation room . 19
Annex B (normative) Measurement uncertainty . 21
B.1 General . 21
B.2 Measurement uncertainty based upon reproducibility data . 21
B.3 Standard deviation of repeatability and reproducibility of the sound absorption
coefficient . 21
Annex C (normative) Test report template . 23
C.1 Overview . 23
C.2 Test object (example) . 24
C.3 Test situation (example) . 26
C.3.1 Test room and test arrangement . 26
C.3.2 Test equipment and test procedures . 27
C.3.3 Test conditions . 27
C.4 Test results (example) . 27
C.5 Measurement uncertainty (example) . 28
Bibliography . 29
European foreword
This document (EN 16272-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
application”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16272-1:2012.
With respect to the superseded document, the following changes have been made:
— ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO 12999-2 has been added to the references;
— a clause for terms and definitions has been added (new Clause 3);
— the description of the test arrangement has been improved;
— the method for determining sound absorption coefficients in each one-third octave band, as
described in EN ISO 354, has been modified: the Sabine absorption coefficient α has been replaced
S
by a new absorption coefficient α that is specific to noise barriers and related devices acting on
NRD
airborne sound propagation and which takes account of the volume of the test sample (the new
coefficient α might be derived from α );
NRD S
— the content of the test report has been better defined;
— an annex has been added explaining the physical hypotheses under the assumption of a diffuse sound
field (Annex A);
— an annex with the values of the standard deviation of reproducibility and repeatability has been
added; this makes possible the declaration of the measurement uncertainty and the related
confidence level, which is now mandatory (Annex B);
— a detailed example is presented, including the declaration of the uncertainty (Annex C);
— The Bibliography has been updated.
EN 16272-1 is part of a series and should be read in conjunction with the other parts. All parts are listed
below:
EN 16272-1, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 1: Intrinsic
characteristics - Sound absorption under diffuse sound field conditions
EN 16272-2, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 2: Intrinsic
characteristics - Airborne sound insulation under diffuse sound field conditions (the present document)
EN 16272-3-1, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 3-1:
Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for diffuse sound field applications
EN 16272-3-2, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 3-2:
Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for direct sound field applications
EN 16272-4, Railway applications — Track — Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound
propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 4: Intrinsic characteristics -
In situ values of sound diffraction under direct sound field conditions
EN 16272-5, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 5: Intrinsic
characteristics - Sound absorption under direct sound field conditions
EN 16272-6, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 6: Intrinsic
characteristics - Airborne sound insulation under direct sound field conditions
CEN/TS 16272-7, Railway applications — Track — Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne
sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 7: Extrinsic
characteristics - In situ values of insertion loss
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
Where a sound reflecting surface is installed along a railway, it may be effective to use sound absorbing
devices on its rail side to reduce additional noise nuisance caused by reflected sound. This treatment may
be needed in the presence of the following:
— noise barriers, rocks or retaining walls that can reflect sound waves toward unprotected areas;
— vertical cuttings or reflective surfaces that face each other;
— tunnels and their approaches;
— trains passing close to a barrier where reflections between the train and the barrier may reduce
effectiveness.
This document specifies a test method for qualifying the sound absorption performance of noise barriers
and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation designed for railways (a measure of intrinsic
performance). It is not concerned with determining insertion loss (extrinsic performance) which depends
on additional factors which are not related to the product itself, e.g. the dimensions of the barrier and
quality of installation work and site factors such as ground impedance, site geometry etc. The test is
designed to allow the intrinsic sound absorption performance of the device to be measured under diffuse
sound field conditions; the resulting rating should aid the selection of devices for particular rail side
applications.
More information on the realization of a diffuse sound field is given in Annex A.
The measurement results of this method for sound absorption are not directly comparable with the
results of the direct sound field method (EN 16272-5), mainly because the present method uses a diffuse
sound field, while the direct sound field method assumes a directional sound field. The test method
described in the present document should not be used to determine the intrinsic characteristics of sound
absorption for noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation to be installed on
railways under non-reverberant conditions.
For the purpose of this document, reverberant conditions are defined based on the envelope, e, across
the road formed by the device under test, trench sides or buildings (the envelope does not include the
railway surface) as shown by the dashed lines in Figure 1. Conditions are defined as being reverberant
when the percentage of open space in the envelope is less than or equal to 25 %, i.e. reverberant
conditions occur when w/e ≤ 0,25, where e = (w + h + h ) or e = (w + h ) as per Figure 1. This criterion is
1 2 1
applied also to the open space between the train body and the noise barrier surface.
This method may be used to qualify noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound
propagation for other applications, e.g. to be installed nearby industrial sites. In this case the single-
number ratings should be calculated using an appropriate spectrum.
a) Partial cover on both sides of the railway; b) Partial cover on one side of the railway;
envelope, e = w+h +h envelope, e = w+h , h = 0
1 2 1 2
c) Deep trench; d) Tall barriers or buildings;
envelope, e = w+h +h envelope, e = w+h +h
1 2 1 2
e) Train passing close to a noise barrier f) Train passing close to a platform at the
station
envelope, e = w+h +h envelope, e = w+h +h
1 2 1 2
Key
r railway surface h Developed length of element, e.g. cover, trench side, barrier
or building
w width of open space h2 Developed length of element, e.g. cover, trench side, barrier
or building
NOTE Figure 1 is not to scale.
Figure 1 — Sketch of the reverberant condition check in six cases
1 Scope
This document specifies the laboratory method for measuring the sound absorption performance of
railway noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation in reverberant
conditions. It covers the assessment of the intrinsic sound absorption performance of devices that can
reasonably be assembled inside the testing facility described in EN ISO 354.
This method is not intended for the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption of
noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation to be installed on railways in
non-reverberant conditions.
The test method in EN ISO 354 referred to in this document excludes devices that act as weakly damped
resonators. However, some devices will depart significantly from these requirements and in these cases,
the interpretation of the results may be not straightforward.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16272-3-1, Railway applications — Infrastructure — Noise barriers and related devices acting on
airborne sound propagation — Test method for determining the acoustic performance — Part 3-1:
Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for diffuse sound field applications
EN ISO 354:2003, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room (ISO 354:2003)
ISO 9613-1, Acoustics — Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors — Part 1: Calculation of the
absorption of sound by the atmosphere
ISO 12999-2, Acoustics — Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building
acoustics — Part 2: Sound absorption
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
NOTE For the purpose of this document, the following definitions take precedence over other definitions from
the above websites.
3.1.1
noise barrier
noise reducing device, which obstructs the direct transmission of airborne sound emanating from
railways and which will typically span between posts and also may overhang the railway
Note 1 to entry: Noise barriers are generally made of acoustic and structural elements (see 3.1.3 and 3.1.4).
Note 2 to entry: In some noise barriers, the acoustic function and the structural function cannot be clearly
separated and attributed to different components.
3.1.2
cladding
noise reducing device, which is attached to a wall or other structure and reduces the amount of sound
reflected
Note 1 to entry: Claddings are generally made of acoustic and structural elements (see 3.1.3 and 3.1.4).
3.1.3
acoustic element
element whose primary function is to provide the acoustic performance of the device
3.1.4
structural element
element whose primary function is to support or hold in place acoustic elements
3.1.5
added device
added component that influences the acoustic performance of the original noise-reducing device (acting
primarily on the diffracted energy)
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol or Designation Unit
abbreviation
α Sound absorption coefficient -
NRD
A Equivalent sound absorption area of the empty reverberation room m
A Equivalent sound absorption area of the reverberation room containing a test m
specimen
A Equivalent sound absorption area of the test specimen m
T
−1
c Propagation speed of sound in air in the reverberation room with the test ms
specimen during the measurement
−1
c Propagation speed of sound in air in the empty reverberation ms
DL Single-number rating of sound absorption performance in a diffuse sound dB
α,NRD
field expressed as a difference of A weighted sound pressure levels
h Height of reflective frame m
f
i Index of the i-th one-third octave frequency band (between 100 Hz and -
5 kHz)
k Coverage factor -
p
L Length of the test panels on one side of the post m
−1
m Power attenuation coefficient calculated according to ISO 9613-1 using the m
climatic conditions that have been present in the empty reverberation room
during the measurement. The value of m can be calculated from the
attenuation coefficient, α, which is used in ISO 9613-1
−1
m Power attenuation coefficient calculated according to ISO 9613-1 using the m
climatic conditions that have been present in the reverberation room with
the test specimen during the measurement. The value of m can be calculated
from the attenuation coefficient, α, which is used in ISO 9613-1
m Coefficient for calculating the standard deviation of repeatability -
n Term for calculating the standard deviation of repeatability -
S Area (of the floor of the reverberation room) covered by the test specimen m
s Standard deviation of repeatability -
r
s Standard deviation of reproducibility -
R
T Reverberation time of the empty reverberation room s
T Reverberation time of the reverberation room after the test specimen has s
been introduced
u Standard uncertainty -
U Expanded uncertainty -
V Net volume of the empty reverberation room m
V Net volume of the reverberation room containing a test specimen m
V Net volume of the test sample m
s
4 Test arrangement
The test arrangement shall be as described in EN ISO 354, with the following modifications.
— The test specimen shall be assembled in the test chamber in the same manner as the manufactured
device is used in practice, with the same connections and seals between the component parts.
— All the reflecting parts exposed on the rail side of the material (posts, brackets and other parts) shall
be present on the specimen as in practice.
— Where posts are employed in construction, at least one post shall be included in the specimen with
panels attached on both sides. The length of the panels on one side of the post shall be L ≥ 2 m
(Figures 2 and 3). The side that would face the railway shall face the inner part of the room (Figures 2
and 3). The post shall be sealed as in practice.
— The test specimen shall have a reflecting frame sealed against it on its entire perimeter and without
any gap between the frame and the surface on which the test specimen is placed (Figures 2 to 6).
— The test specimen shall be placed directly against one of the surfaces (floor, wall or ceiling) of the
chamber without any gap (Figures 2, 3, and 4). A dense filling material, such as sand or concrete
(density > 200 kg/m ), shall always be inserted between the panels and chamber surface to
completely fill all gaps.
— If the sample under test includes a plenum as part of the design, this shall be reproduced in the
reverberation room and reported in the test report. If the sample under test includes a plenum that
is not a design feature, the plenum shall be completely filled with a dense filling material such as sand
or concrete.
— If the sample under test includes a post, it is recommended to cut it to fit the panel thickness.
— If the sample under test includes a post having a thickness larger than that of the acoustic elements
and protruding toward the interior of the test chamber, the reflective area created by the post fitting
the acoustic elements shall be reproduced covering it by reflective strips (Figure 5). Alternatively, a
T-shaped element with the same width of reflective surface as the visible face of the post can be used
to replace the post.
— If the sample under test includes a post having a thickness larger than that of the acoustic elements
and protruding toward the floor of the test chamber, the cavities created by the post under the
acoustic elements shall be completely filled with a dense filling material such as sand or concrete
(Figure 6). Alternatively, a T-shaped element wit
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