EN ISO 28927-2:2009
(Main)Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers (ISO 28927-2:2009)
Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers (ISO 28927-2:2009)
ISO 28927-2:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers used for tightening and loosening threaded fasteners. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine when operating at a specified load. The method has been tested for fastening tasks only. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine.
ISO 28927-2:2009 is applicable to hand-held machines, driven pneumatically or by other means, with impact or impulse action, of shut-off, ratchet or stall type, and of all designs — straight, pistol‑grip, angle or bow handle. It covers machines with 6,3 mm to 40 mm (1/4 in to 1½ in) male or female drive output shafts, as well as other geometries. It is not applicable to nutrunners designed to be used only in torque reaction arms.
Handgehaltene motorbetriebene Maschinen - Messverfahren zur Ermittlung der Schwingungsemission - Teil 2: Schrauber, Mutterndreher und Schraubendreher (ISO 28927-2:2009)
Dieser Teil von ISO 28927 legt ein Laborverfahren zur Messung der Hand-Arm-Schwingungen fest, die an den Handgriffen von handgehaltenen motorbetriebenen Schraubern, Mutterndrehern und Schraubendrehern zum Festziehen und Lösen von Verbindungs¬elementen mit Gewinde hervorgerufen werden. Es handelt sich um ein Messverfahren zur Ermittlung der Schwingungskennwerte (Schwin¬gungs-emissionswerte) an den Greif¬stellen der Maschine, die unter vorgegebener Belastung betrieben wird. Das Verfahren wurde lediglich für die Arbeits¬aufgabe Festziehen überprüft. Der Zweck besteht darin, die Kennwerte zum Vergleich ver¬schiedener Modelle derselben Maschinenart zu verwenden.
Dieser Teil von ISO 28927 gilt für handgehaltene Maschinen (siehe Abschnitt 5), die pneumatisch oder auf andere Weise angetrieben werden, Schlag- oder Impulsantrieb haben können, nach dem Ratschenprinzip arbeiten können, selbstabschaltend oder ohne Abschaltung sind und beliebig gestaltet sind: in gerader Ausführung, mit Pistolengriff, Spatengriff oder Winkel¬antrieb. Er behandelt Maschinen mit Antriebswellen (Zapfen oder Vertiefung) von 6,3 mm bis 40 mm (¼ in bis 1½ in) und auch mit anders gestalteten Antriebs¬wellen. Er gilt nicht für Mutterndreher, die ausschließlich zum Gegenhalten verwendet werden.
ANMERKUNG Um eine Verwechslung zu vermeiden, wird in dieser Norm zwischen der (motorbetriebenen) Maschine und dem Werkzeug oder Einsatzwerkzeug strikt unter¬schieden.
Machines à moteur portatives - Méthodes d'essai pour l'évaluation de l'émission de vibrations - Partie 2: Clés, boulonneuses et visseuses (ISO 28927-2:2009)
L'ISO 28927-2:2009 spécifie une méthode de mesure en laboratoire des émissions de vibrations transmises aux mains s'exerçant au niveau des poignées des clés et des boulonneuses à moteur tenues à la main, destinées au serrage et au desserrage des fixations filetées. Il s'agit d'une méthode d'essai de type définissant l'amplitude des vibrations aux zones de préhension de la machine fonctionnant à une charge spécifiée. Cette méthode n'a été expérimentée que pour des opérations de fixation. Il est prévu d'utiliser les résultats pour comparer différents modèles du même type de machine.
L'ISO 28927-2:2009 s'applique aux machines tenues à la main, pneumatiques ou entraînées par un autre dispositif, à percussion ou à impulsion, à arrêt, à rochet ou à calage ou de toute autre conception — à savoir à poignées droites, à poignées revolver, à renvois d'angle et à poignées courbes. Elle couvre les machines dont le diamètre des arbres de sortie de transmission mâles ou femelles est compris entre 6,3 mm et 40 mm (1/4 in à 1½ in), ainsi que d'autres géométries. Elle ne s'applique pas aux boulonneuses conçues pour être utilisées uniquement avec des bras à réaction de couple.
Ročna prenosna električna orodja - Preskusne metode za vrednotenje oddajanja vibracij - 2. del: Vijači, izvijači in privijala (ISO 28927-2:2009)
Ta del ISO 28927 določa laboratorijsko metodo merjenja emisij ročnega oddajanja vibracij na ročajih ročnih električnih vijačev, izvijačev in privijal, uporabljenih za zategovanje in odtegovanje spojnih elementov z navojem.
To je postopek tipskega preskusa za vzpostavljanje razsežnosti vibracij v območju držanja stroja, ko deluje pod določeno obremenitvijo. Ta metoda je bila preskušena samo za naloge pritrditve. Namenjen je, da se rezultati uporabijo za primerjavo različnih modelov strojev istega tipa. Ta del ISO 28927 velja za ročne stroje (glej Klavzulo 5), pnevmatično ali kako drugače gnane, z udarno ali sunkovito akcijo, izklopnega tipa, tipa z zaskočko ali ustavitvijo in ostalih zasnov - ravne, z ročajem v obliki pištole, kotnim ali premim ročajem. Zajema stroje z od 6,3 mm do 40 mm (1/4 cole do 11/2 col) moške ali ženske izhodne pogonske gredi, kot tudi ostale oblike. Ne velja za izvijače, ki so zasnovani za uporabo kot roka za odzivni prenos navora.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 8662-7:2000
5RþQDSUHQRVQDHOHNWULþQDRURGMD3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH]DYUHGQRWHQMHRGGDMDQMD
YLEUDFLMGHO 9LMDþLL]YLMDþLLQSULYLMDOD ,62
Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission - Part
2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers (ISO 28927-2:2009)
Handgehaltene motorbetriebene Maschinen - Messverfahren zur Ermittlung der
Schwingungsemission - Teil 2: Schrauber, Mutterndreher und Schraubendreher (ISO
28927-2:2009)
Machines à moteur portatives - Méthodes d'essai pour l'évaluation de l'émission de
vibrations - Partie 2: Clés, boulonneuses et visseuses (ISO 28927-2:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 28927-2:2009
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
25.140.20 (OHNWULþQDRURGMD Electric tools
25.140.30 2URGMD]DURþQRXSRUDER Hand-operated tools
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 28927-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2009
ICS 13.160; 25.140.10 Supersedes EN ISO 8662-7:1997
English Version
Hand-held portable power tools - Test methods for evaluation of
vibration emission - Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and
screwdrivers (ISO 28927-2:2009)
Machines à moteur portatives - Méthodes d'essai pour Handgehaltene motorbetriebene Maschinen -
l'évaluation de l'émission de vibrations - Partie 2: Clés, Messverfahren zur Ermittlung der Schwingungsemission -
boulonneuses et visseuses (ISO 28927-2:2009) Teil 2: Schrauber, Mutterndreher und Schraubendreher
(ISO 28927-2:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 28927-2:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC .4
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .5
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 28927-2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118
"Compressors and pneumatic tools, machines and equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration and shock” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 8662-7:1997.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.
For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 28927-2:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 28927-2:2009 without any
modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, Machinery, amended by Directive 98/79/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive, except ER 1.7.4 d) and 2.2, and associated EFTA
regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling
within the scope of this standard.
Annex ZB
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
corresponding Essential Requirement of that Directive, except ER 2.2.1.1, and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28927-2
First edition
2009-12-15
Hand-held portable power tools — Test
methods for evaluation of vibration
emission —
Part 2:
Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers
Machines à moteur portatives — Méthodes d'essai pour l'évaluation de
l'émission de vibrations —
Partie 2: Clés, boulonneuses et visseuses
Reference number
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Symbols.3
4 Basic standards and vibration test codes .3
5 Description of the family of machines .3
6 Characterization of vibration.7
6.1 Direction of measurement .7
6.2 Location of measurements.7
6.3 Magnitude of vibration.13
6.4 Combination of vibration directions.13
7 Instrumentation requirements.13
7.1 General .13
7.2 Mounting of transducers .13
7.3 Frequency weighting filter.13
7.4 Integration time.13
7.5 Auxiliary equipment .14
7.6 Calibration.14
8 Testing and operating conditions of the machinery.14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Operating conditions .15
8.3 Other quantities to be specified.15
8.4 Attached equipment, work piece and task.15
8.5 Operators.18
9 Measurement procedure and validity.19
9.1 Reported vibration values .19
9.2 Declaration and verification of the vibration emission value .19
10 Measurement report .20
Annex A (informative) Model test report for vibration emission of wrenches, nutrunners and
screwdrivers .21
Annex B (normative) Determination of uncertainty .23
Annex C (normative) Brake devices — Assembly drawings and specification of parts.26
Bibliography.39
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 28927-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118, Compressors and pneumatic tools,
machines and equipment, Subcommittee SC 3, Pneumatic tools and machines.
This first edition of ISO 28927-2 cancels and replaces ISO 8662-7:1997, of which it constitutes a technical
revision. The most important changes are
⎯ vibration measurement in three axes and at both hand positions,
⎯ new transducer positions,
⎯ improved definition of transducer positions and orientation, and
⎯ all types of screwdrivers and nutrunners, excepting one-shot nutrunners, now covered.
ISO 29827 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hand-held portable power tools — Test
methods for evaluation of vibration emission:
1)
⎯ Part 1: Angle and vertical grinders
⎯ Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers
2)
⎯ Part 3: Polishers and rotary, orbital and random orbital sanders
3)
⎯ Part 4: Straight grinders
1) Together with Part 4, replaces ISO 8662-4, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the
handle — Part 4: Grinders.
2) Replaces ISO 8662-8, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 8:
Polishers and rotary, orbital and random orbital sanders.
3) Together with Part 1, replaces ISO 8662-4, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the
handle — Part 4: Grinders.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
4)
⎯ Part 5: Drills and impact drills
5)
⎯ Part 6: Rammers
6)
⎯ Part 7: Nibblers and shears
⎯ Part 8: Saws, polishing and filing machines with reciprocating action and small saws with oscillating or
7)
rotating action
8)
⎯ Part 9: Scaling hammers and needle scalers
9)
⎯ Part 10: Percussive drills, hammers and breakers
10)
⎯ Part 11: Stone hammers
4) Replaces ISO 8662-6, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 6: Impact
drills. Non-impacting drills now covered.
5) Replaces ISO 8662-9, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 9:
Rammers.
6) Replaces ISO 8662-10, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 10:
Nibblers and shears
7) Replaces ISO 8662-12, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 12: Saws
and files with reciprocating action and saws with oscillating or rotating action
8) Together with Part 11, replaces ISO 8662-14, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the
handle — Part 14: Stone-working tools and needle scalers.
9) Replaces ISO 8662-2, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 2: Chipping
hammers and riveting hammers, ISO 8662-3, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the
handle — Part 3: Rock drills and rotary hammers, and ISO 8662-5, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of
vibrations at the handle — Part 5: Pavement breakers and hammers for construction work. Chipping and riveting hammers,
rock drills and rotary hammers all covered.
10) Together with Part 9, replaces ISO 8662-14, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the
handle — Part 14: Stone-working tools and needle scalers.
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B standards,
the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for
machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.
The vibration test codes for portable hand-held machines given in ISO 28927 are based on ISO 20643, which
gives general specifications for the measurement of the vibration emission of hand-held and hand-guided
machinery. ISO 28927 specifies the operation of the machines under type-test conditions and other
requirements for the performance of type tests. The structure/numbering of its clauses follows that of
ISO 20643.
The basic principle for transducer positioning first introduced in the EN 60745 series of European standards is
followed, representing a deviation from ISO 20643 for reasons of consistency. The transducers are primarily
positioned next to the hand in the area between the thumb and the index finger, where they give the least
disturbance to the operator gripping the machine.
It has been found that vibrations generated by wrenches and nutrunners during tightening and unfastening of
threaded fasteners vary considerably in typical use. For impact and impulse machines, this is largely due to
misalignment between the machine and the fastener, to worn sockets or to the use of universal joints and
angle heads. Owing to the very short tightening times in real use, the response times in the vibration
measurement system used also become critical for the measurement results.
In order to provide a method that gives good measurement reproducibility, this part of ISO 28927 adopts a
procedure for testing impact and impulse machines using a test device based on break blocks acting on the
outer diameter of a test socket, and a free running test for other machines. The procedures of ISO 5349 are
required whenever exposure at the workplace is to be assessed.
The values obtained are type-test values intended to be representative of the average of the upper quartile of
typical vibration magnitudes in real-world use of the machines. However, the actual magnitudes will vary
considerably from time to time and depend on many factors, including the operator, the task and the inserted
tool or consumable. The state of maintenance of the machine itself might also be of importance. Under real
working conditions the influences of the operator and process can be particularly important at low magnitudes.
It is therefore not recommended that emission values below 2,5 m/s be used for estimating the vibration
magnitude under real working conditions In such cases, 2,5 m/s is the recommended vibration magnitude for
estimating the machine vibration.
If accurate values for a specific work place are required, then measurements (according to ISO 5349) in that
work situation could be necessary. Vibration values measured in real working conditions can be either higher
or lower than the values obtained using this part of ISO 28927.
Higher vibration magnitudes can easily occur in real work situations, caused by either misalignment between
the machine and fastener, worn sockets or the use of universal joints or angle heads. The operator's hands
ought never to be in contact with rotating parts such as the sockets or the extensions used.
The vibration test codes given in ISO 28927 supersede those given in ISO 8662, whose parts have been
replaced by the corresponding parts of ISO 28927 (see Foreword).
NOTE ISO 8662-11, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 11: Fastener
driving tools, and ISO 8662-13, Hand-held portable power tools — Measurement of vibrations at the handle — Part 13:
Die grinders, could be replaced by future parts of ISO 28927.
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Hand-held portable power tools — Test methods for evaluation
of vibration emission —
Part 2:
Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28927 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the
handles of hand-held power-driven wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers used for tightening and loosening
threaded fasteners. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas
of a machine when operating at a specified load. The method has been tested for fastening tasks only. It is
intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine.
This part of ISO 28927 is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other
means, with impact or impulse action, of shut-off, ratchet or stall type, and of all designs — straight, pistol-grip,
angle or bow handle. It covers machines with 6,3 mm to 40 mm (1/4 in to 11/2 in) male or female drive output
shafts, as well as other geometries. It is not applicable to nutrunners designed to be used only in torque
reaction arms.
NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms “power tool” and “inserted tool”, machine is used for the former throughout
this document.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 691:2005, Assembly tools for screws and nuts — Wrench and socket openings — Tolerances for general
use
ISO 2787:1984, Rotary and percussive pneumatic tools — Performance tests
ISO 5349:2001 (all parts), Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-
transmitted vibration
ISO 5391:2003, Pneumatic tools and machines — Vocabulary
ISO 17066:2007, Hydraulic tools — Vocabulary
ISO 20643:2005, Mechanical vibration — Hand-held or hand guided machinery — Principles for evaluation of
vibration emission
EN 12096:1997, Mechanical vibration — Declaration and verification of vibration emission values
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5391, ISO 17066 and ISO 20643,
and the following terms, definitions and symbols, apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
loading device
brake device
device used to obtain a stable rotational frequency of the output shaft of the machine and to absorb the output
energy of the machine
3.1.2
impact wrench
rotary machine fitted with a rotating or oscillating motor driving a hammer that periodically strikes an anvil to
tighten nuts and bolts without producing any considerable reaction torque on the machine
NOTE Adapted from ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.2.1.
3.1.3
ratchet wrench
angle drive wrench that progressively rotates a socket by means of a ratchet and pawl coupling
[ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.1.2.8]
3.1.4
screwdriver
rotary, reversible or non-reversible machine that drives a spindle fitted with a screwdriver bit
[ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.1.1]
NOTE Nutrunner or screwdriver can designate the same machine fitted with a socket or screwdriver bit, respectively.
3.1.5
nutrunner
rotary, reversible or non-reversible machine incorporating a socket adapter for the tightening of nuts and bolts
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.1.2.
NOTE 2 Nutrunner or screwdriver can designate the same machine fitted with a socket or screwdriver bit, respectively.
3.1.6
automatic shut-off nutrunner
nutrunner where the setting of the tightening torque is achieved by shutting off the motor when the set torque
is achieved
NOTE Adapted from ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.1.2.5.
3.1.7
impulse nutrunner
impulse wrench
machine fitted with a motor that drives an hydraulic impulse mechanism for tightening threaded fasteners,
applying torque to a fastener in discontinuous increments through a hydraulic impulse unit
NOTE Adapted from ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.3.1.
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
3.1.8
stall-type nutrunner
nutrunner whose tightening torque can only be set by air pressure adjustments
NOTE Adapted from ISO 5391:2003, definition 3.1.2.3.
3.2 Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
a root-mean-square (r.m.s.) single-axis acceleration value of the frequency- m/s
hw
weighted hand-transmitted vibration
a vibration total value of frequency-weighted r.m.s. acceleration; root sum of m/s
hv
squares of a values for the three measured axes of vibration
hw
arithmetic mean value of a values of runs for one operator for one hand m/s
hv
a
hv
position
a m/s
h
arithmetic mean value of a values for all operators for one hand position
hv
arithmetic mean value of a values for one hand position on several m/s
h
a
h
machines
a declared vibration emission value m/s
hd
s standard deviation for a test series (for a sample, s) m/s
n−1
σ m/s
standard deviation of reproducibility (for a population, σ)
R
C coefficient of variation for a test series
v
K uncertainty m/s
4 Basic standards and vibration test codes
This part of ISO 28297 is based on the requirements of ISO 20643 and corresponds to its structure in respect
of clause subjects and numbering except for the annexes.
Annex A presents a model test report, Annex B the means for determining the uncertainty, K, and Annex C
specifies brake devices.
5 Description of the family of machines
This part of ISO 29827 applies to hand-held machines intended for tightening and loosening threaded
fasteners. It does not apply to one-shot type impact nutrunners, where a rotating mass is accelerated to a
given rotational speed and then connected to the bolt.
Figures 1 to 10 show examples of typical wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers covered by this part of
ISO 29827.
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Figure 1 — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with pistol grip
Figure 2 — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with pistol grip and support handle
Figure 3 — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with bow grip and bow-shaped support handle
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Figure 4 — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with bow grip and straight support handle
Figure 5 — Ratchet wrench
Figure 6 — Angle nutrunner
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Figure 7 — Straight screwdriver
Figure 8 — Screwdriver with support handle
6 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Figure 9 — Screwdriver with drill-type pistol grip
Figure 10 — Screwdriver with balanced pistol grip
6 Characterization of vibration
6.1 Direction of measurement
The vibration transmitted to the hand shall be measured and reported for three directions of an orthogonal
coordinate system. At each hand position, the vibration shall be measured simultaneously in the three
directions shown in Figures 11 to 20.
6.2 Location of measurements
Measurements shall be made at the gripping zones, where the operator normally holds the machine and
applies the feed force. For machines intended for one-handed operation, it is only necessary to measure at a
single point.
The prescribed transducer location shall be as close as possible to the hand between the thumb and index
finger. This shall apply to both hand positions, with the machine held as in normal operation. Whenever
possible, measurements shall be made at the prescribed locations.
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
A secondary location is defined as being on the side of, and as close as possible to, the inner end of the
handle where the prescribed location is found. If the prescribed location of the transducer cannot be used, this
secondary location shall be used instead.
The prescribed or secondary location shall also be used on anti-vibration handles.
Figures 11 to 19 show the prescribed and secondary locations and measurement directions for the hand
positions normally used for the different types of machines in this family.
Impact and impulse tools with a mass less than 2 kg are normally operated using only one hand and therefore
only the hand position on the trigger handle need be measured and reported. Tools of a mass of 2 kg or more
are normally operated using both hands, and so measurements shall be made in two positions. For tools
without a side handle, the second hand position is on the front housing, or — if that is not possible — on the
motor housing (see Figure 11). For battery tools, the weight includes the standard battery.
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 11 — Measurement locations — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with pistol grip
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 12 — Measurement locations — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner
with pistol grip and support handle
8 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 13 — Measurement locations — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with bow grip and
bow shaped support handle
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 14 — Measurement locations — Impact wrench/impulse nutrunner with bow grip and
straight support handle
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 15 — Measurement locations — Ratchet wrench
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 16 — Measurement locations — Angle nutrunner
10 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 17 — Measurement locations — Straight screwdriver with support handle
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 18 — Measurement locations — Straight screwdriver
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 19 — Measurement locations — Screwdriver with drill-type pistol grip
Key
1 prescribed location
2 secondary location
Figure 20 — Measurement locations — Screwdriver with balanced pistol grip
12 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
6.3 Magnitude of vibration
The magnitude of vibration shall be in accordance with ISO 20643:2005, 6.3.
6.4 Combination of vibration directions
The vibration total value in accordance with ISO 20643:2005, 6.4, shall be reported for both hand positions as
applicable. It is acceptable to report and carry out tests on the hand position having the highest reading. The
vibration total value at that hand position shall be at least 30 % higher than the other. This result may be
obtained during a preliminary test carried out by a single operator during five test runs.
To obtain the vibration total value, a , for each test run, the results in each direction shall be combined using
hv
Equation (1):
aa=+a +a (1)
hv hwx hwy hwz
7 Instrumentation requirements
7.1 General
The instrumentation shall be in accordance with ISO 20643:2005, 7.1.
7.2 Mounting of transducers
7.2.1 Specification of transducer
The specification of the transducer given in ISO 20643:2005, 7.2.1, applies.
The total mass of the transducers and mounting device shall be small enough, compared with that of the
machine, handle, etc., so as not to influence the measurement result.
This is particularly important for low-mass plastic handles (see ISO 5349-2).
7.2.2 Fastening of transducers
The transducer or mounting block used shall be rigidly attached to the surface of the handle.
If three single-axis transducers are used, these shall be attached to three sides of a suitable mounting block.
For the two axes aligned parallel to the vibrating surface, the measurement axes of the two transducers — or
the two transducer elements in a triaxial transducer — shall be a maximum of 10 mm from the surface.
It is strongly recommended that mechanical filters be used for measurements performed on impact wrenches.
7.3 Frequency weighting filter
Frequency-weighting shall be in accordance with ISO 5349-1.
7.4 Integration time
The integration time shall be in accordance with ISO 20643:2005, 7.4. The integration time for each test run
shall be at least 8 s, so as to be consistent with the duration of machine operation defined in 8.4.4. The
exception to this are impulse machines, which shall be run for at least 5 s, to avoid overheating of the impulse
mechanism.
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
7.5 Auxiliary equipment
For pneumatic machines, the air pressure shall be measured using a pressure gauge with an accuracy equal
11)
to or better than 0,1 bar .
For hydraulic machines, the flow shall be measured using a flow meter with an accuracy equal to or better
than 0,25 l/min.
For electrical machines, the voltage shall be measured using a volt meter with accuracy equal to or better than
3 % of the actual value.
The rotational speed of nutrunners and screwdrivers without impact, impulse or ratchet mechanisms, tested
under no-load conditions, shall be measured and reported with accuracy better than 5 % of the actual value,
using either a tachometer or frequency analysis of the measured vibration signal. When a tachometer
transducer is placed on the machine, it should be small enough not to influence the vibration of the machine.
The blow frequency of machines tested in the brake shall be determined, using the signal from the vibration
transducer or other suitable means. The accuracy shall be better than ± 1 Hz.
7.6 Calibration
The specifications for calibration given in ISO 20643:2005, 7.6, apply.
8 Testing and operating conditions of the machinery
8.1 General
Measurements shall be carried out on new, properly serviced and lubricated machines. During testing, the
machines shall be equipped and held in a manner similar to that used when tightening and loosening threaded
fasteners. If, for some types of machines, a warming-up period is specified by the manufacturer, this shall be
undertaken prior to the start of the test.
Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers with an impact or impulse mechanism shall be measured while
operating in right-hand rotation on the loading device. It is permissible to operate the wrench, nutrunner or
screwdriver in left-hand rotation in cases where shut-off mechanisms, etc. make continuous operation in
right-hand rotation impossible.
Nutrunners and screwdrivers without an impact or impulse mechanism, as well as ratchet wrenches, shall be
measured while operating in right-hand rotation under no-load conditions. During testing, the machines shall
be equipped with a socket or toolbit of standard type with a size typical for the machine tested.
Machines intended for one-handed operation shall be held using only one hand during testing. Measurements
shall be made in one location only and for the hand position used. During measurement, a support handle
shall not be mounted.
During testing, the energy supply to the machine shall be at rated conditions, as specified by the manufacturer.
The operation shall be stable.
2 5 2
11) 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 0,1 N/mm = 10 N/m .
14 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
8.2 Operating conditions
8.2.1 Pneumatic machines
During testing on a braking device, the machine shall be operated at the maximum rated torque setting at the
rated air pressure, in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. The operation shall be stable and
smooth. The air pressure shall be measured and reported.
Air shall be supplied to the machine by means of a hose of the diameter recommended by the machine
manufacturer. The test hose shall be attached to the machine via a threaded hose connector, preferably the
one supplied with the machine. The length of the test hose shall be 3 m. The test hose shall be secured with a
hose clip. Quick-couplings shall not be used, since their mass will influence the vibration magnitude.
The air pressure of pneumatically powered machines shall be measured in accordance with ISO 2787 and
maintained as specified by the manufacturer. During testing, the air pressure measured immediately before
the test hose shall not drop more than 0,2 bar below the pressure recommended by the manufacturer.
8.2.2 Hydraulic machines
During testing, the machine shall be operated at the rated power supply, i.e. the rated flow, and shall be used
in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. The operation shall be stable and smooth. A warming-up
period of about 10 min should be allowed before starting the measurements. The flow shall be measured and
reported.
8.2.3 Electrical machines
During testing, the machine shall be operated at the rated voltage, and shall be used in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications. The operation shall be stable and smooth. The voltage shall be measured and
reported.
8.3 Other quantities to be specified
The rotational speed of the wrench or nutrunner tested under no-load conditions shall be measured and
reported for each tool tested.
The blow frequency of machines tested on a brake device shall be measured and reported for each tool tested.
8.4 Attached equipment, work piece and task
8.4.1 Loading device for wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers with impact or impulse mechanism
During measurement, the machine shall be operated against a loading device (i.e. a brake device). The
−1
rotational frequency of the output shaft shall not exceed 10 min . Examples of the design of suitable brake
devices are given in Annex C.
8.4.2 Selection of size of brake block and socket
The brake device shall, as well as applying a frictional torque to the machine, provide a realistic inertial
loading on the output shaft through the use of realistic sizes of sockets for different sizes of machine.
Only brake block and socket combinations for the most common square-drive sizes are specified in Annex C:
⎯ Brake device, small refers to machines with 6,3 mm, 10 mm, 12,5 mm and 16 mm (1/4 in, 3/8 in, 1/2 in
and 5/8 in) square output shaft drives and for machines with 1/4 in hex female drives;
⎯ Brake device, large refers to machines with 20 mm, 25 mm and 40 mm (3/4 in, 1 in and 11/2 in) square
output shaft drives.
ISO 28927-2:2009(E)
For other output shaft drives, other block and socket combinations may be used. Adaptors between the
machine output shaft and the socket of a standard combination may be selected. In these cases, the socket
size (inertia) shall be realistic for the machine, and adaptors, if used, shall be as short as possible. The female
square-drive sockets shall be within the tolerances specified in ISO 691. If extensions or
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