FprCEN/TS 18084
(Main)Road vehicles - Post Shredder Technology recycling - Design recommendations for plastic products
Road vehicles - Post Shredder Technology recycling - Design recommendations for plastic products
This document specifies recommendations for the design of polymeric products used in road vehicles to facilitate separation and recycling after shredding.
This document is not applicable to dismantling of road vehicles and removal of parts and components.
This document is not applicable to elastomers.
Straßenfahrzeuge - Nachgelagerte Shredder Recyclingtechnologie - Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Kunststoffprodukte
Dieses Dokument legt Empfehlungen für die Auslegung von polymerischen Produkten, die in Straßenfahrzeugen verwendet werden, fest, um die Trennung und Wiederverwertung nach der Zerkleinerung zu vereinfachen.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf die Demontage von Straßenfahrzeugen und das Entfernen von Teilen und Bauteilen.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf Elastomere.
Véhicules routiers - Recyclage par technologie post-broyage - Recommandations de conception pour les produits en plastiques
Cestna vozila - Recikliranje s tehnologijo naknadnega drobljenja - Priporočila za načrtovanje izdelkov iz polimernih materialov
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2024
Cestna vozila - Recikliranje s tehnologijo naknadnega drobljenja - Priporočila za
načrtovanje izdelkov iz polimernih materialov
Road vehicles - Post Shredder Technology recycling - Design recommendations for
plastic products
Straßenfahrzeuge - Nachgelagerte Shredder Recyclingtechnologie -
Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Kunststoffprodukte
Véhicules routiers - Recyclage par technologie post-broyage - Recommandations de
conception pour les produits en plastiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 18084
ICS:
13.030.50 Recikliranje Recycling
83.140.01 Izdelki iz gume in polimernih Rubber and plastics products
materialov na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
May 2024
ICS 13.030.50; 83.140.01
English Version
Road vehicles - Post Shredder Technology recycling -
Design recommendations for plastic products
Véhicules routiers - Recyclage par technologie post- Straßenfahrzeuge - Nachgelagerte Shredder
broyage - Recommandations de conception pour les Recyclingtechnologie - Gestaltungsempfehlungen für
produits en plastiques Kunststoffprodukte
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 301.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 18084:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Recommendations . 9
4.1 Single constituent polymers or polymer blends . 9
4.2 Bonded materials and materials compatibility . 11
4.2.1 General . 11
4.2.2 Bonding of compatible polymers . 11
4.2.3 Bonding of non-compatible polymers. 11
4.3 Composite materials . 11
4.4 Painted materials . 11
4.5 Thermosets . 11
4.6 Biodegradable materials . 12
Annex A (informative) The Post Shredding Technology commercially used at industrial scale . 13
Bibliography . 19
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 18084:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 301 “Road
vehicles”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TS.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
Introduction
This document covers plastic products and components used in the vehicles falling under the scope of
the European Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV Directive) (2000/53/EC) and the European
Directive on motor vehicle reusability, recyclability and recoverability (Type 3R Directive)
(2005/64/EC).
The usage of plastics in vehicles’ components has grown to answer sustainability and fuel-efficiency
requirements mandated by national and international legislations and driven internally by many
industry stakeholders, to a point where, in absolute terms, plastics became a targeted material for specific
waste management recovery operations. The recommendations in this document aim at increasing the
recyclability of plastics used in vehicles and the recycling rates from end-of-life vehicles, considering that,
on average, plastics account for 14 to 18 % [1] of the overall weight (1200 kg on average) of Type M1
vehicles.
Manufacturers are required by Union law to place on the market vehicles that are at least 85 % reusable
and recyclable and 95 % recoverable [2] [3]. For the recycling of plastic waste these targets lag behind.
This can be explained by high technical requirements for plastic automotive parts, which can lead to
specifications that make those plastics more challenging to recycle. Notwithstanding existing technical
and performance constraints, this document provides automotive engineers with design
recommendations to enhance the recyclability of the plastic products and components when the vehicle
reaches its end-of-life, hence maximizing the recovery rate and the value of the plastics’ fraction after the
vehicle's shredding, in line with the sustainability requirements stemming from existing and upcoming
EU legislation [4].
Due to the diversity of infrastructure across European ELV recycling facilities and the variety of end-of-
life scenarios, a vehicle designed today could be recycled in ten or fifteen years at a facility equipped with
the bare minimum tooling systems or at a large-scale state-of-the-art shredding and post-shredding
recycling facility.
When implemented, these recommendations can ensure that materials specified on new vehicles can be
efficiently recycled using available post-shredding technology infrastructure.
The post-shredding technologies are an interesting option for recycling more of the plastics used in
vehicles. However, these technologies deserve to be better known by designers, as they require
implications for the design of parts. For a better understanding of the post-shredding technologies, see
Annex A.
1 Scope
This document specifies recommendations for the design of polymeric products used in road vehicles to
facilitate separation and recycling after shredding.
This document is not applicable to dismantling of road vehicles and removal of parts and components.
This document is not applicable to elastomers.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
plastic
material which contains as an essential ingredient a polymer (3.1.4) and which at some stage in its
processing into finished products can be shaped by flow
Note 1 to entry: Additives or other substances may have been added, and which can function as a main structural
component of final products.
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.184]
3.1.2
foamed plastic
plastic (3.1.1) the density of which is reduced by the presence of numerous small cavities (cells),
interconnecting or not, dispersed throughout the mass
[SOURCE: EN ISO 472:2013, 2.126]
3.1.3
compatibility
capability of two or more items or components of equipment or materiel to exist or function in the same
system without modification, adaption or mutual interference
[SOURCE: EN ISO 21007-1:2005, 2.14]
3.1.4
polymer
large molecule, synthetic or natural, characterized by the sequence of one or more types of monomer
units which are covalently bound to each other
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.190]
3.1.5
single constituent polymer
Polymers made from a single polymer or copolymer
[SOURCE: EN ISO 11469:2016, 5.1.2]
3.1.6
polymer blend
alloy
two or more polymers blended to create an alloy
[SOURCE: EN ISO 11469:2016, 5.1.3]
3.1.7
thermoplastic
type of plastic that can repeatedly be melted when heated and solidified when cooled down
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.245]
3.1.8
thermoset
type of plastic that have undergone a chemical reaction by the action of heat, catalyst, ultraviolet light,
etc., resulting in an irreversibly cross-linked material which can no longer be melted
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.246]
3.1.9
shredding
mechanical process by which plastics waste is fragmented into irregular pieces of any dimension or shape
Note 1 to entry: Shredding usually signifies the tearing or cutting of materials that cannot be crushed by
fragmentation methods applicable to brittle materials, as typically carried out in a hammer mill.
[SOURCE: ISO 15270:2008, 3.33]
3.1.10
post-shredder technology
techniques and technologies used to process materials from end-of-life vehicles, after they have been
shredded, for further recovery
[SOURCE: Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on
circularity requirements for vehicle design and on management of end-of-life vehicles, amending
Regulations (EU) 2018/858 and 2019/1020 and repealing Directives 2000/53/EC and 2005/64/EC,
Brussels, 13.7.2023 COM(2023) 451 final 2023/0284 (COD) [4]]
3.1.11
mixed plastics
commingled plastics
mixed plastics mixture of materials or products consisting of different types of plastic (3.1.1)
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.58]
3.1.12
composite material
solid product consisting of two or more distinct phases, including a binding material (matrix) and a
particulate or fibrous material
EXAMPLE moulding material containing reinforcing fibres, particulate fillers or hollow spheres
[SOURCE: EN ISO 472:2013, 2.182.1]
3.1.13
recycling of plastics
recycling
process of recovering waste plastics into products, materials or substances to be used again but excluding
energy recovery and materials intended to be used as fuels
Note 1 to entry: Recycling can be mechanical, chemical, physical or organic.
Note 2 to entry: Recycling is also defined in Directive 2008/98/EC, Article 3 (17).
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.211, modified – “recycling” has been added as a synonym term]
3.1.14
recyclability
potential of items or materials to be recycled as defined by the relevant standards and regulations in force
Note 1 to entry: The adjective of recyclability (3.1.14) is recyclable (3.1.15).
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.208]
3.1.15
recyclable
characteristic of a product, packaging, or associated component that can be diverted from the waste
stream through available processes and programmes and can be collected, processed, and returned to
use in the form of raw materials or products
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14021:2016, 7.7.1]
3.1.16
elastomers
macromolecular material which returns rapidly to its initial dimensions and shape after substantial
deformation by a weak stress and release of the stress
Note 1 to entry: The definition applies under room temperature test conditions.
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.97]
3.1.17
adhesive
substance with the cap
...
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