CEN/TR 13387-1:2015
(Main)Child use and care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1: Safety philosophy and safety assessment
Child use and care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1: Safety philosophy and safety assessment
This Technical Report, contains the general safety philosophy and a guideline on safety assessment that experts are recommended to use when drafting standards.
It also contains an Annex (A) with a collection of available anthropometric data and details of the abilities of children from birth to 48 months of age.
The general safety philosophy given in this part is based on the principle that child use and care articles should be designed to be safe.
Children with special needs have not been taken into account while drafting these guidelines. ISO/IEC Guide 71 should be consulted to ascertain any further requirements to address the hazards and risks associated with children with special needs.
These guidelines do not cover all types of hazards and risks, such as inappropriate use of products, inadequate supervision of children and products used in a non-domestic situation.
Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that all other potential hazards relevant to the product are fully addressed e.g. hygiene, the effects of electrical power etc., where other safety standards may apply.
Articles de puériculture - Conseils relatifs à la sécurité - Partie 1 : Principes de sécurité et évaluation de la sécurité
Le présent Rapport technique contient les principes généraux de sécurité ainsi qu’un guide sur l’évaluation de la sécurité qu’il est recommandé aux experts d’utiliser lors de l’élaboration de normes.
Il comprend également une Annexe A avec un ensemble de données anthropométriques disponibles et de détails sur les capacités des enfants, de la naissance à l’âge de 48 mois.
Les principes généraux de sécurité donnés dans cette partie reposent sur le principe qu’il convient de concevoir les articles de puériculture de manière à ce qu’ils soient sûrs.
Les enfants ayant des besoins particuliers n’ont pas été pris en compte dans l’élaboration de ce guide. Il convient de consulter le Guide ISO/IEC 71 pour vérifier toute autre exigence visant à traiter les dangers et les risques associés aux enfants ayant des besoins particuliers.
Le présent guide ne couvre pas tous les types de dangers et de risques, tels qu’une utilisation inappropriée des produits, une surveillance inadéquate des enfants et l’usage des produits dans un cadre autre que domestique.
Il convient d’accorder une attention toute particulière à l’importance de s’assurer que tous les autres dangers potentiels relatifs au produit sont traités dans leur intégralité, par exemple l’hygiène, les effets du courant électrique, etc., lorsque d’autres normes de sécurité peuvent s’appliquer.
Izdelki za otroke - Smernice o splošni varnosti - 1. del: Filozofija in ocena varnosti
To tehnično poročilo zajema filozofijo splošne varnosti in smernice o oceni varnosti, ki se priporočajo strokovnjakom pri sestavljanju standardov.
Zajema tudi dodatek (A) z zbirko razpoložljivih antropometričnih podatkov in podrobnosti o sposobnosti otrok od rojstva do 48 mesecev starosti.
Filozofija splošne varnosti iz tega dela temelji na načelu, da naj bi bili izdelki za otroke zasnovani tako, da so varni.
Pri sestavi teh smernic niso bili upoštevani otroci s posebnimi potrebami. Vodilo ISO/IEC 71 naj bi se uporabilo za opredelitev morebitnih dodatnih zahtev za obravnavo nevarnosti in tveganj, povezanih z otroki s posebnimi potrebami.
Te smernice ne obravnavajo vseh vrst nevarnosti in tveganj, kot so neprimerna uporaba izdelkov, nezadosten nadzor nad otroki ter izdelki, ki se ne uporabljajo doma.
Opozoriti je treba na pomembnost zagotavljanja, da so vse druge morebitne nevarnosti, ki se nanašajo na izdelek, v celoti obravnavane, npr. higiena, vplivi električnega toka itd., pri čemer se lahko uporabljajo drugi varnostni standardi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 13387:2005
Izdelki za otroke - Smernice o splošni varnosti - 1. del: Filozofija in ocena varnosti
Child use and care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1: Safety philosophy and
safety assessment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 13387-1:2015
ICS:
97.190 Otroška oprema Equipment for children
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 13387-1
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
July 2015
ICS 97.190 Supersedes CEN/TR 13387:2004
English Version
Child use and care articles - General safety guidelines - Part 1:
Safety philosophy and safety assessment
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 12 January 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 252.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 13387-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 General safety . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Accident data . 8
5 Hazard and risk assessment . 8
5.1 Introduction . 8
5.2 Methodology . 8
Annex A (informative) Anthropometric data and abilities of children from birth to 48
months . 16
A.1 General . 16
A.2 Terms and definitions related to anthropometric data . 16
A.3 Recommendations for use of data . 17
A.4 Applications . 19
A.4.1 Accessibility . 19
A.4.2 Openings . 19
A.4.3 Structural integrity . 19
A.5 Tables with body dimensions . 20
A.6 Tables with force measurements . 28
A.7 Abilities of children . 30
A.8 Sources of data . 30
Bibliography . 33
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 13387-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 252
“Child use and care articles”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 13387:2004.
CEN/TR 13387 comprises the following five parts:
— Safety philosophy and safety assessment (CEN/TR 13387-1);
— Chemical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-2);
— Mechanical hazards (CEN/TR 13387-3);
— Thermal hazards (CEN/TR 13387-4);
— Product information (CEN/TR 13387-5).
Introduction
This is a revision of CR 13387 first published in 1999. It is a non-normative CEN publication which
provides guidance information on common hazards that should be taken into consideration when
developing safety standards for child use and care articles.
A general safety philosophy and safety assessment methodology is given in Part 1 of these guidelines
together with a collection of anthropometric data.
Chemical hazards are addressed in Part 2. The chemical risk associated with the use of materials for
the construction, coating and/or packaging of child use and care articles that may affect children’s
health are considered.
Mechanical hazards are addressed in Part 3. “Mechanical hazard” is a general designation for physical
factors which may give rise to injury due to the mechanical properties of products or parts of products.
Thermal hazards are addressed in Part 4. “Thermal hazards” include hazards associated with
flammability and the burning characteristics of materials, contact with hot and cold surfaces, liquids
and food, contact with flames, contact with products that melt on heating and overheating or exposure
of a child to very low and very high temperatures.
Product information which should be supplied with a child use and care article is addressed in Part 5.
“Product information” covers all the documentation and information that should be supplied to ensure
the safe use of the product and also the safety of the child using the product.
These guidelines deal with hazards that are common to child use and care articles. They have been
drawn-up by a working group of experts set up by CEN TC 252 with the prime objective of
harmonizing the approach to hazard and risk assessment and injury prevention. The guidelines give
recommendations on preventive safety measures to avoid injuries that could be caused by child use
and care articles. If the child use and care article has a protective function, this has to be effective;
additionally the product itself has to cause no injury to the child.
The standards being drafted by CEN/TC 252 are for child use and care articles intended for children
from birth to 48 months of age who form a very vulnerable group in society. Up to 18 months of age
the development of knowledge takes place through the combined use of sensory and motor skills, i.e.
children learn to see, hear, taste, smell and feel. Their movements are aimed at achieving familiarity
with their environment. As children become older they achieve increased muscular control and
balance. Even up to 48 months of age children are unpredictable in their behaviour. Special
consideration has to be given to the fact that these children cannot understand how to avoid risks and
thus are involuntarily exposed to them.
Child use and care articles constitute a group with large variations between the different products.
However many safety hazards associated with this diverse group of products are very similar. These
guidelines identify many of these safety hazards and give details that enable similar safety principles
to be applied to the drafting of standards across the group of products.
The information given in these guidelines reflects the state of the art at publication. Standards and
regulations will continuously be developed. Other sources may also provide useful information for the
reader.
How to use these guidelines
The safety requirements and test methods given are intended to give guidance and to lead to
consistency when writing safety standards for child use and care articles. It is recommended to use
these guidelines when drafting standards.
In addition, these guidelines can assist those with a general professional interest in child safety.
The safety requirements detailed do not constitute an exhaustive set that can be applied to all child
use and care articles. The application to particular products should be evaluated by experts.
In these guidelines rationales are given to explain the potential hazard. Wherever possible,
requirements, test equipment and test methods are given which can be used when drafting standards.
The terminology in these guidelines is not the one required for standards:, the word 'shall' has to be
used in standards, not 'should' as given in these guidelines.
CEN/TC 252 is, wherever possible when writing new standards or revising existing standards, drafting
their standards on a hazard based format (see for example EN 16120:2012+A1:2014 and
EN 1930:2011).
The different parts of the CEN/TR 13387 should enable working groups to draft their standards in a
hazard based format by proceeding in the following way:
— identification of the hazards and assessment of the risk;
— definition of the requirements to address an identified hazard and risk;
— definition of relevant test methods to check that the requirements are met;
— provision of an Annex which indicates the rationale for the inclusion of the requirements.
1 Scope
This Technical Report, contains the general safety philosophy and a guideline on safety assessment
that experts are recommended to use when drafting standards.
It also contains an Annex A with a collection of available anthropometric data and details of the
abilities of children from birth to 48 months of age.
The general safety philosophy given in this part is based on the principle that child use and care
articles should be designed to be safe.
Children with special needs have not been taken into account while drafting these guidelines.
ISO/IEC Guide 71 should be consulted to ascertain any further requirements to address the hazards
and risks associated with children with special needs.
These guidelines do not cover all types of hazards and risks, such as inappropriate use of products,
inadequate supervision of children and products used in a non-domestic situation.
Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that all other potential hazards relevant to the product
are fully addressed e.g. hygiene, the effects of electrical power etc., where other safety standards may
apply.
2 General safety
Safety is often a balance between being safe from injury and the other demands of a child use and
care article, for example, ensuring that the item is fit for purpose as well as meeting consumers’ needs
and expectations.
Attention should be paid to:
— the child’s stage of development (ability, weight, age, etc.);
— the intended or foreseeable use of the product, bearing in mind a child’s unpredictable behaviour.
This unpredictable behaviour exposes children to injury in ways that differ from those of adults,
making children a particularly vulnerable group in society;
— the hazard presented by the product in the environment where the product is used.
Child use and care articles should be designed to be safe. Hazards should be eliminated wherever
possible. For cases where a hazard cannot be eliminated or sufficiently minimized – by design or
safeguards – product related information should be given. However product related information should
not be used as an alternative to safe design.
Where the function of a product or part of a product changes by virtue of its use and is beyond the
scope of child use and care articles, appropriate requirements should be applied. An example may be
a high chair that can be converted into a normal chair.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
harm
injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
3.2
hazard
potential source of harm
3.3
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
Note 1 to entry: The probability of occurrence includes the exposure to a hazardous situation, the occurrence
of a hazardous event, and the possibility to avoid or limit the harm.
3.4
hazard characterisation
quantitative evaluation of the nature of the adverse health effects following exposure to a risk
source(s)
3.5
hazard identification
identification of a risk source(s) capable of causing adverse effect(s)
3.6
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to
...
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