CEN/TS 14429:2005
(Main)Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition
This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is established by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This Technical Specification is a parameter specific test as specified in ENV 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.
NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified in ENV 12920.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss des pH-Wertes unter vorheriger Säure/Base Zugabe
Diese Technische Spezifikation gilt für die Bestimmung des Einflusses des pH-Wertes auf die Auslaugbarkeit
von anorganischen Bestandteilen aus einem Abfall. Der Gleichgewichtszustand, wie er in diesem Dokument
definiert ist, wird durch Zugabe einer vorher bestimmten Menge an Säure oder Base hergestellt, um die
gewünschten endgültigen pH-Werte zu erreichen. Dieses Prüfverfahren führt zu Eluaten, die anschließend
physikalisch und chemisch charakterisiert werden.
Diese Technische Spezifikation ist eine parameterspezifische Prüfung, wie in ENV 12920 festgelegt. Die
Anwendung nur dieses Prüfverfahrens ist für die Bestimmung des genauen Auslaugungsverhaltens eines
Abfalls unter festgelegten Bedingungen nicht ausreichend.
ANMERKUNG Dies erfordert im Allgemeinen die Anwendung mehrerer Prüfverfahren, die Verhaltensmodellierung und
Validierung von Modellen, wie in ENV 12920 festgelegt.
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec ajout initial d'acide/base
La présente Spécification technique s’applique à la détermination de l’influence du pH sur la lixiviabilité des constituants inorganiques d’un déchet. L’état d’équilibre tel que défini dans la norme s’obtient en ajoutant des quantités prédéfinies d’acide ou de base pour atteindre les valeurs de pH souhaitées. Cette méthode d’essai produit des éluats qui sont ensuite caractérisés du point de vue physico-chimique.
La présente Spécification technique est un essai paramétrique, tel que spécifié dans l’ENV 12920. Cette méthode d’essai n’est pas suffisante, à elle seule, pour déterminer en détail le comportement à la lixiviation d’un déchet dans des conditions spécifiées.
NOTE En règle générale, ceci nécessite l’application de plusieurs méthodes d’essai, une modélisation du comportement, ainsi qu’une validation du modèle, comme spécifié dans l’ENV 12920.
Karakterizacija odpadkov – Izluževalni preskusi – Vpliv pH na izluževanje z začetnim dodatkom kisline/baze
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2006
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY±,]OXåHYDOQLSUHVNXVL±9SOLYS+QDL]OXåHYDQMH]
]DþHWQLPGRGDWNRPNLVOLQHED]H
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with
initial acid/base addition
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss
des pH-Wertes unter vorheriger Säure/Base Zugabe
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement a la lixiviation - Influence du pH
sur la lixiviation avec ajout initial d'acide/base
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 14429:2005
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 14429
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
October 2005
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence
of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des
lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec ajout initial Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss des pH-Wertes unter
d'acide/base vorheriger Säure/Base Zugabe
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 11 February 2005 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 14429:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations.6
5 Principle.7
6 Reagents and laboratory devices.7
6.1 Reagents.7
6.2 Laboratory devices.7
7 Sampling.8
7.1 Laboratory sample.8
7.2 Preparation of test sample.8
7.3 Determination of dry residue .9
7.4 Test portion.9
8 Test procedure.9
8.1 Contact time.9
8.2 pH-range.9
8.3 Leaching test.10
8.4 Natural pH.12
9 Eluate treatment, storage and analysis .13
10 Blank test.13
11 Performance characteristics.13
12 Test report.13
Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet .15
Annex B (informative) Operation and uses of the test: influence of pH on the leaching
behaviour.16
Annex C (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption.20
Annex D (informative) Examples of acid and base neutralisation capacities for waste, soil,
sediment and construction materials.24
Bibliography.26
Foreword
This CEN Technical Specification (CEN/TS 14429:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterisation of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
The annexes A, B, C and D are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
Introduction
This Technical Specification has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour
testing within EU and EFTA countries. Tests to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be
divided into three categories. The relationship between these tests are summarized below:
1. “Basic characterization“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour and
characteristic properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling
leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity, ageing of waste and physical parameters are
addressed in these tests.
2. “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with a specific behaviour or with specific
reference values. The tests focus on key variables and leaching behaviour previously identified by basic
characterization tests.
3. “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has
been subjected to the compliance test(s). On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests.
The test procedure described in this Technical Specification belongs to category (1): basic characterization tests.
In the test, which is described in this Technical Specification equilibrium condition is established at different pH
values as a result of the reaction between pre-selected amounts of acid or base and test portions of the waste
material. Size reduction is performed to accelerate reaching of equilibrium condition.
This test is different from the "pH dependence test with continuous pH control" (pH static test see prEN 14997) in
which the pH is controlled at pre-selected values over the entire testing period by continuous measurement and
automatic addition of acid or base. The test is aiming at approaching equilibrium at the end of the procedure.
NOTE In Annex B specific uses of both the pH dependence test with initial acid/ base addition and the pH dependence test
with continuous pH control are indicated.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic
constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is established by addition of
pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. This test method produces eluates, which
are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This Technical Specification is a parameter specific test as specified in ENV 12920. The application of this test
method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified
conditions.
NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified
in ENV 12920.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 12506:2003, Characterization of waste – Analysis of eluates – Determination of pH, As, Ba, Cd, Cl-, Co, Cr,
CrVI, Cu, Mo, Ni, NO2-, Pb, total S, SO42- and Zn.
ENV 12920, Characterization of waste – Methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste
under specified conditions.
EN 13370, Characterization of waste – Analysis of eluates – Determination of Ammonium, AOX, conductivity, Hg,
- -
phenol index, TOC, easily liberatable CN , F .
prEN 14346:2002, Characterization of waste – Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue and water
content.
prEN 14899, Characterization of waste –- Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and
application of a Sampling Plan.
EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality – Sampling – Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples (ISO
5667-3:2003).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dry residue
w
dr
remaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 °C
[prEN 14346:2002]
3.2
eluate
solution obtained by a laboratory leaching test
3.3
equilibrium condition
condition achieved when the pH deviation during a checking period at the last 4 hours of the test is below 0,3 pH
unit
3.4
laboratory sample
sample or subsample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
[IUPAC, 1997]
3.5
liquid to solid-ratio
L/S
ratio between the amount of liquid (L) and of solid (S) in the test
NOTE L/S is expressed in l/kg dry matter.
3.6
leachant
liquid to be mixed with the test portion in the leaching procedure
3.7
suspension
mixture of leachant and test portion
3.8
test portion
amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of known weight or volume
[IUPAC, 1997]
3.9
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or analysis
[IUPAC, 1997]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
ANC acid neutralization capacity
BNC base neutralization capacity
DM dry matter
DOC dissolved organic carbon
L/S liquid to solid ratio
M dried mass of the test portion
d
m mass after drying
d
M un-dried mass of the test portion
w
m mass before drying
r
t time at the start of the leaching test
V volume of acid or base used in leachant
A/B
V volume of demineralized water used in leachant
demin
V volume of added leachant
L
w dry residue of the waste
dr
5 Principle
Separate test portions are leached at a fixed L/S ratio with leachants containing pre-selected amounts of acid or
base in order to reach stationary pH values at the end of the extraction period. Each leachant is added in three
steps in the beginning
...
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