EN ISO 14647:2016
(Main)Metallic coatings - Determination of porosity in gold coatings on metal substrates - Nitric acid vapour test (ISO 14647:2000)
Metallic coatings - Determination of porosity in gold coatings on metal substrates - Nitric acid vapour test (ISO 14647:2000)
This International Standard specifies equipment and a method for using nitric acid vapour to determine porosity in
gold coatings, particularly electrodeposits and clad metals used on electrical contacts.
This method is designed to show whether the porosity level is less than or greater than some value that, by
experience, is considered by the user to be acceptable for the intended application.
It is suitable for inlays or claddings containing 75 % or more of gold, for electrodeposits containing 95 % or more of
gold or for substrates of copper, nickel and their alloys that are commonly used in electrical contacts.
The nitric acid vapour test is too severe to be used for gold coatings less than 0,6 _m thick. It is also not suitable for
coatings that are less noble than gold or platinum, such as palladium and its alloys, or gold-flashed palladium and
its alloys.
Several other porosity testing methods are described in ISO 10308 and in the literature (see e.g. Bibliography, [1]
and [2]).
Metallische Überzüge - Bestimmung der Porosität in Goldbeschichtungen auf Metallsubstraten - Salpetersäure-Dampftest (ISO 14647:2000)
Diese Internationale Norm legt die Prüfeinrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Porosität mittels Salpetersäuredampf in Goldüberzügen, insbesondere galvanische Abscheidungen und Plattierungen, für elektrische Kontakte fest.
Dieses Verfahren beabsichtigt aufzuzeigen, ob die Porosität geringer oder größer als ein Wert ist, der vom Anwender als erfahrungsgemäß zulässig für den vorgesehenen Verwendungszweck gilt.
Sie ist geeignet für Inlays oder Plattierungen, die mindestens 75 % Gold enthalten, für galvanische Überzüge, die mehr als 95 % Gold enthalten, oder für Grundwerkstoffe aus Kupfer, Nickel und deren Legierungen, die gewöhnlich für elektrische Kontakte verwendet werden.
Die Prüfung mit Salpetersäuredampf ist für Goldüberzüge mit einer geringeren Dicke als 0,6 µm zu streng. Außerdem ist diese Prüfung ungeeignet für metallische Überzüge, die weniger edel als Gold oder Platin sind, z. B. Palladium und dessen Legierungen oder teilvergoldetes Palladium und dessen Legierungen.
In ISO 10308 und in der Literatur (siehe z. B. Literaturhinweise [1] und [2]) sind mehrere andere Porositätsprüfverfahren beschrieben.
Revêtements métalliques - Détermination de la porosité des revêtements d'or sur les substrats de métal - Essai à la vapeur d'acide nitrique (ISO 14647:2000)
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les matériels et une méthode d'utilisation de la vapeur d'acide nitrique
pour déterminer la porosité des revêtements d'or, plus particulièrement les dépôts électrolytiques et les métaux
plaqués utilisés sur les contacts électriques.
Cette méthode d'essai est conçue pour déterminer si le niveau de porosité est inférieur ou supérieur à une certaine
valeur qui, par expérience, est considérée comme acceptable par l'utilisateur pour l'application concernée.
Elle convient aux incrustations ou aux placages contenant 75 % ou plus d'or ou aux dépôts électrolytiques
contenant 95 % ou plus d'or sur les substrats de cuivre ou de nickel, ainsi que leurs alliages couramment utilisés
pour les contacts électriques.
L'essai à la vapeur d'acide nitrique est trop rigoureux pour être utilisé avec les revêtements d'or dont l'épaisseur est
inférieure à 0,6 μm. Il ne convient également pas aux revêtements moins nobles que l'or ou le platine, tels que le
palladium et ses alliages, ou le palladium à couche mince d'or et ses alliages.
D'autres méthodes différentes d'essai de porosité sont décrites dans l'ISO 10308 et dans la documentation
technique (voir par exemple [1] et [2] dans la bibliographie).
Kovinske prevleke - Ugotavljanje poroznosti v zlatih prevlekah na kovinskih podlagah - Preskus s hlapi dušikove kisline (ISO 14647:2000)
Ta mednarodni standard določa opremo in metodo za uporabo hlapov dušikove kisline pri ugotavljanju poroznosti v zlatih prevlekah, zlasti v galvanskih prevlekah in ploščah, prevlečenih s kovino, ki se uporabljajo za električne kontakte. Ta metoda je zasnovana tako, da pokaže, ali je raven poroznosti manjša ali večja od določene vrednosti, ki na podlagi uporabnikovih izkušenj velja kot sprejemljiva za predvideno uporabo. Primerna je za vložke ali obloge z vsebnostjo 75 % ali več zlata, galvanske prevleke z vsebnostjo 95 % ali več zlata ali podlage iz bakra, niklja in njunih zlitin, ki se pogosto uporabljajo za električne kontakte. Preizkus s hlapi dušikove kisline na zlatih prevlekah z debelino, manjšo od 0,6 μm, je prezahteven. Prav tako ni primeren za prevleke, ki so manj plemenite kot zlato ali platina, npr. paladij in njegove zlitine ali z zlatom prevlečen paladij in njegove zlitine. V standardu ISO 10308 in literaturi (glej bibliografijo [1] in [2]) je opisanih več drugih metod preskušanja poroznosti.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2016
Kovinske prevleke - Ugotavljanje poroznosti v zlatih prevlekah na kovinskih
podlagah - Preskus s hlapi dušikove kisline (ISO 14647:2000)
Metallic coatings - Determination of porosity in gold coatings on metal substrates - Nitric
acid vapour test (ISO 14647:2000)
Metallische Überzüge - Bestimmung der Porosität in Goldbeschichtungen auf
Metallsubstraten - Salpetersäure-Dampftest (ISO 14647:2000)
Revêtements métalliques - Détermination de la porosité des revêtements d'or sur les
substrats de métal - Essai à la vapeur d'acide nitrique (ISO 14647:2000)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14647:2016
ICS:
25.220.40 Kovinske prevleke Metallic coatings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 14647
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.220.40
English Version
Metallic coatings - Determination of porosity in gold
coatings on metal substrates - Nitric acid vapour test (ISO
14647:2000)
Revêtements métalliques - Détermination de la Metallische Überzüge - Bestimmung der Porosität in
porosité des revêtements d'or sur les substrats de Goldbeschichtungen auf Metallsubstraten -
métal - Essai à la vapeur d'acide nitrique (ISO Salpetersäure-Dampftest (ISO 14647:2000)
14647:2000)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 April 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
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United Kingdom.
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COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14647:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 14647:2000 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other
inorganic coatings” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over
as EN ISO 14647:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14647:2000 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14647:2016 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14647
First edition
2000-03-15
Metallic coatings — Determination of
porosity in gold coatings on metal
substrates — Nitric acid vapour test
Revêtements métalliques — Détermination de la porosité des revêtements
d'or sur les substrats de métal — Essai à la vapeur d'acide nitrique
Reference number
ISO 14647:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
ISO 14647:2000(E)
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ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
ISO 14647:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Apparatus .2
5 Reagent.3
6 Safety .3
7 Procedure .3
8 Precision.5
9 Test report .5
Annex A (informative) Time of exposure to nitric acid vapour.6
Annex B (informative) Procedure recommended for avoiding the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons .7
Bibliography.8
ISO 14647:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 14647 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic
coatings, Subcommittee SC 7, Corrosion tests.
Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
ISO 14647:2000(E)
Introduction
Gold coatings are often specified for the contacts of separable electrical connectors and other devices.
Electrodeposits are the form of gold that is most used on contacts, although it is also employed as clad metal and
as weldments on the contact surface. The intrinsic nobility of gold enables it to resist the formation of insulating
oxide films that could interfere with reliable contact operation.
In order that the nobility of gold be assured, porosity, cracks, and other defects in the coating that expose base
metal substrates and underplates should be minimal or absent, except in those cases where it is feasible to use the
contacts in structures that shield the surface from the environment or where corrosion inhibiting surface treatments
for the deposit are employed. The level of porosity in the coating that may be tolerable depends on the severity of
the environment to the underplate or substrate, design factors for the contact device like the force with which it is
mated, circuit parameters, and the reliability of contact operation that it is necessary to maintain. Also, when
present, the location of pores on the surface is important. If the pores are few in number and are outside the zone
of contact of the mating surfaces, their presence can often be tolerated.
Methods for determining pores on a contact surface are most suitable if they enable their precise location and
numbers to be determined. Contact surfaces are often curved or irregular in shape, and test methods should be
suitable for them. In addition, the severity of porosity-determining tests may vary. The test method described in this
International Standard is regarded as severe.
The relationship of porosity levels revealed by particular tests to contact behavior should be made by the user of
these tests through practical experience or by judgement. Thus, absence of porosity in the coating may be a
requirement for some applications, while a few pores on the critical surfaces may be acceptable for another. Such
acceptance (or pass-fail) criteria should be part of the product specification for the particular product or part
requiring the porosity test.
The test method described is highly sensitive and is capable of detecting virtually all porosity or other defects in
gold coatings that could participate in substrate corrosion reactions. It is rapid, simple and inexpensive. In addition,
it can be used on contacts having complex geometry such as pin-socket contacts. However, it is preferred that
deeply recessed sockets are opened to expose their critical surfaces prior to testing.
The test method described is considered destructive in that it reveals the presence of porosity by contaminating the
surface with corrosion products and by undercutting the coating at pore sites or at the boundaries of unplated
areas. Any parts exposed to these tests should not be placed in service.
The test described involves corrosion reactions in which the products delineate defect sites in coatings. Since the
chemistry, and properties of these products may not resemble those found in natural or service environments,
these tests are not recommended for prediction of the electrical performance of contacts unless correlation is first
established with service experience.
The test method described employs nitric acid (HNO ) vapour at low relative humidity. Reaction of the gas mixture
with a corrodible base metal at pore sites produces reaction products that appear as discrete spots on the gold
surface. Individual spots are counted with the aid of a lens or low-power stereomicroscope.
The test method described is intended to be used for quantitative descriptions of porosity (such as number of pores
per unit area or per contact) only on coatings that have a pore density sufficiently low that the corrosion sites are
well separated and can be readily resolved. As a general guideline this can be achieved for pore densities up to
about 100 p
...
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