CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021
(Main)Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials
This document is limited to specifying the requirements when applying adhesion material to the interface between the wheel tread and the crown of the rail, and includes both trainborne and trackside solutions.
This document only covers the equipment and application of adhesion material to the active interface.
This document defines:
- the characteristics that systems for the application of adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification;
- all relevant terminology which is specific to the adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface.
This document only applies to the mainline railway.
NOTE 1 This document can also be used for other railways, e.g urban rail.
NOTE 2 Where technologies are used to influence the wheel/rail interface, other than the application of a material, this document is out of scope but can be used as guidance.
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3: Vorrichtungen und Anwendung - Kraftschlusserhöhende Materialien
Dieses Dokument beschränkt sich darauf, die Anforderungen bei der Anwendung von kraftschlusserhöhenden Materialien auf die Kontaktfläche zwischen Radlauffläche und Fahrfläche der Schiene festzulegen, und umfasst sowohl fahrzeugseitige als auch gleisseitige Lösungen.
Dieses Dokument deckt nur die Vorrichtungen und Anwendung von kraftschlusserhöhenden Materialien auf die aktive Kontaktfläche ab.
Dieses Dokument definiert
- die Eigenschaften, die Systeme bei der Applikation von kraftschlusserhöhenden Materialien an der Kontaktfläche zwischen Rad und Schiene erfüllen müssen, zusammen mit geeigneten Inspektions- und Prüfverfahren, die zur Verifikation durchzuführen sind,
- alle relevanten Begriffe, die spezifisch für kraftschlusserhöhenden Materialien für die Kontaktfläche zwischen Rad und Schiene sind.
Dieses Dokument ist nur für Vollbahnen anzuwenden.
ANMERKUNG 1 Dieses Dokument kann auch für andere Schienennetze verwendet werden, z. B. städtische Schienenbahnen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Wo andere Technologien als die Anwendung von kraftschlusserhöhenden Materialien zur Beeinflussung der Kontaktfläche zwischen Rad und Schiene verwendet werden, liegen diese nicht im Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments, es kann jedoch als Leitlinie verwendet werden.
Applications ferroviaires - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Partie 1-3 : Équipements et application - Matériaux pour restauration d'adhérence
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 1-3. del: Oprema in uporaba - Lepilni materiali
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021
01-maj-2021
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 1-3. del: Oprema in uporaba -
Lepilni materialiRailway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and
Application - Adhesion materials
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3:
Vorrichtungen und Anwendung - Kraftschlussmaterialien
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion du Frottement Roue/Rail - Parte 1-3: Équipement et
Application - Matériau d'AdhésionTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021
CEN/TS 15427-1-3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
March 2021
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 45.040
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management -
Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion du Frottement Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
Roue/Rail - Parte 1-3: Équipement et Application - Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3: Vorrichtungen und
Matériau d'Adhésion Anwendung - KraftschlussmaterialienThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 December 2020 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 6
4 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Application ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment .............................................................................................. 8
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment ............................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment ...................................................................................................... 9
5.4 Operations, Inspection and maintenance .............................................................................................. 9
5.5 Application ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.6 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
6 Requirements for trackside equipment .............................................................................................. 11
6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
6.2 Design of trackside equipment ............................................................................................................... 11
6.3 Installation of trackside equipment ...................................................................................................... 12
6.4 Operations, Inspection and maintenance ........................................................................................... 12
6.5 Application ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.6 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Annex A (informative) Types of trainborne equipment ............................................................................. 14
Annex B (informative) Guidance on approvals testing and verification ............................................... 15
Annex C (informative) Guideline braking tests for Adhesion Materials (trainborne and
trackside equipment) ................................................................................................................................. 17
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is part of the series EN 15427, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management,
which consists of the following parts:— Part 1-1: Equipment and Application - Flange Lubrication
— Part 1-2: Equipment and Application - Top of Rail materials
— Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials
— Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
— Part 2-2: Properties and Characteristics - Top of Rail materials
— Part 2-3: Properties and Characteristics - Adhesion materials
— Part 3: Rationale for requirements and further background information
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a
complex subject and includes:— lubrication of the wheel flange/ rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange or rail
lubrication”;— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface; commonly referred to as “check rail
lubrication”;— altering the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread, commonly
referred to as “top of rail friction management”;— applying materials to the wheel rail contact to increase (improve/ enhance/ recover) adhesion.
This document sets out requirements for the application for the adhesion materials. It describes systems
fitted on board trains and on the track, as both systems may need to be employed to achieve effective
adhesion.Managing the wheel-rail interface effectively will reduce wear of both wheel and rail and ensure reliable
braking performance. When friction is managed effectively, noise levels, wear levels and the risk of flange
climbing are reduced. Conversely, where not managed effectively, assets may require replacement
prematurely before reaching their full economic potential.There needs to be control in the application of adhesion materials such that there is:
— no loss of traction or braking performance;— no adverse effect on signalling systems or track circuits;
— no harmful environmental effect;
— no incompatibility between the different lubricants/materials in use, particularly, between solid and
fluid systems;— no effect on the performance of the infrastructure.
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document is limited to specifying the requirements when applying adhesion material to the interface
between the wheel tread and the crown of the rail, and includes both trainborne and trackside solutions.
This document only covers the equipment and application of adhesion material to the active interface.
This document defines:— the characteristics that systems for the application of adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface
shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification;
— all relevant terminology which is specific to the adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface.
This document only applies to the mainline railway.NOTE 1 This document can also be used for other railways, e.g urban rail.
NOTE 2 Where technologies are used to influence the wheel/rail interface, other than the application of a
material, this document is out of scope but can be used as guidance.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13749, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural requirements
of bogie framesCEN/TS 15427-2-3:2021, Railway application – Wheel/ Rail friction management – Part 2-3: Properties
and Characteristics – Adhesion materialsEN 16834:2019, Railway applications - Braking - Brake performance
EN 50121-1, Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 1: General
EN 50125-1, Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Rolling stock and on-
board equipmentEN 50238-1, Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems - Part
1: GeneralEN 61373, Railway applications - Rolling stock equipment - Shock and vibration tests
EN 62621, Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electric traction - Specific requirements for composite
insulators used for overhead contact line systems---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
active interface
contact area between wheel tread and the crown of the rail
3.2
applicator
part of trackside/trainborne equipment that delivers the adhesion material to the active interface
EXAMPLE Nozzles or pipes.3.3
trainborne equipment
system carried on the train that consists of one or more applicators, a storage unit and a means of control
3.4trackside equipment
system installed on or adjacent to the track that consists of one or more applicators, storage containers
and a means of control3.5
supplier
organisation responsible for supplying the equipment/adhesion material
3.6
adhesion material
substance used to alter friction at the wheel/rail active interface
EXAMPLE Sand.
3.7
technical specification
document outlining agreement between the client and the supplier
3.8
low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is in the range 0,08 to 0,05
3.9
very low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is in the range 0,05 to 0,02
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
3.10
extremely low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is below 0,02
Note 1 to entry: low, very low and extremely low will be referred to as low adhesion throughout the document.
3.11Wheel Slide Protection
WSP
system designed to make the best use of available wheel-rail adhesion (where this is less than the wheel-
rail adhesion demanded), and in some cases improve wheel-rail adhesion, by a controlled reduction and
restoration of the brake force to prevent wheelsets from locking and uncontrolled sliding, thereby
minimizing the extension of stopping or slowing distances and possible wheel damage
3.12reactive application
application of the adhesion material when there is the demand from the relevant system
3.13preventative application
planned application of adhesion material to reduce the risk of a low adhesion event
4 General4.1 Purpose
Where a low adhesion event is encountered, the application of adhesion material to the active interface
shall enhance/recover the adhesion without compromising the safe operation of the railway.
Where adhesion materials are applied as a preventative measure, the adhesion material shall reduce the
risk of a low adhesion event occurring.The specific purpose for the use of adhesion materials and its equipment shall be understood before
deployment in order to achieve the desired outcome. (e.g. improved braking performance).
NOTE See CEN/TS 15427-2-3:2021, Wheel/Rail friction management – Properties and Characteristics -
Adhesion materials.4.2 Application
The adhesion material application equipment shall apply adhesion material to take effect in the active
interface.The adhesion material application equipment shall be designed to limit contamination of any other part
of the train or infrastructure.Build-up of excess adhesion material on the train or infrastructure shall be avoided.
Where it is likely that adhesion material will come into contact with other materials when applied,
possible incompatibilities shall be considered.The applicator shall be adjustable such that it can be returned to its correct working position following
wheel or rail reprofiling or other maintenance changes.When changing to an alternative adhesion material in the equipment it shall be ensured that the
performance of the adhesion material application equipment meets the original requirements of the
client/the technical specification.A method to determine when refilling is required shall be provided.
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
A method by which the equipment can be checked to ensure its functional status shall be provided.
Ensure the adhesion material being applied to the active interface, has been approved for use by the
relevant authorizing bodies (see Annex B).5 Requirements for trainborne equipment
5.1 General
When applying to the active interface, the following shall be considered:
— method of braking (e.g. tread, disk or other);
— position and number of applicator(s) on the vehicle;
— direction of travel;
— proximity of applicator to the wheel and the rail;
— speed of train;
— amount of application.
The position and alignment of each applicator shall take into account:
— suspension movements to ensure application of the adhesion material to the active interface in all
conditions;— the need to gain access for maintenance.
Affected parties shall be engaged and relevant approvals shall be gained upon introduction of trainborne
equipment.NOTE A description of generic types of applicators is given in Annex A.
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment
General consideration when designing and installing trainborne equipment shall include:
— ambient temperature range and climatic conditions (see EN 50125-1);— equipment positioning and alignment;
— protection of the adhesion material from contamination (water, dust, etc.);
— space constraints (e.g. static and dynamic);
— availability of necessary supplies (e.g. electrical, air, hydraulic, etc.);
— options for system control and adhesion material regulation;
— interface with other on-board systems (e.g. braking);
— the type of adhesion material;
— total life cycle cost and maintainability;
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CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021 (E)
— length/type of train;
— interface with infrastructure systems;
— intended design life and sustainability;
— safety and reliability requirements;
— vibration and shock loads requirements of EN 61373 and EN 13749 relevant to the position on the
vehicle;— protection of the equipment from flying objects (e.g. track ballast);
— EMC standard (see EN 50121-1);
— aerodynamic effects (e.g. wind turbulence may affect the performance and may be optimized by use
of a windbreak);— electronic equipment used on rolling stock (see EN 62621);
— EN 50238-1, Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems.
Part 1: General;— noise emissions;
— volume of the storage.
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment
The supplier of the trainborne equipment shall produce instructions for the installation and us
...SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
01-november-2020
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 1-3. del: Oprema in uporaba -
Lepilni materialiRailway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and
Application - Adhesion materials
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3:
Vorrichtungen und Anwendung - Kraftschlussmaterialien
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion du Frottement Roue/Rail - Parte 1-3: Équipement et
Application - Matériau d'AdhésionTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
September 2020
ICS 45.040
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management -
Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion du Frottement Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
Roue/Rail - Parte 1-3: Équipement et Application - Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3: Vorrichtungen und
Matériau d'Adhésion Anwendung - KraftschlussmaterialienThis draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7
4 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Application ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment .............................................................................................. 9
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment ............................................................................................................... 9
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment ................................................................................................... 10
5.4 Operations, Inspection and maintenance ........................................................................................... 10
5.5 Application ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.6 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
6 Requirements for trackside equipment .............................................................................................. 12
6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.2 Design of trackside equipment ............................................................................................................... 13
6.3 Installation of trackside equipment ...................................................................................................... 14
6.4 Operations, Inspection and maintenance ........................................................................................... 14
6.5 Application ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
6.6 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Annex A (informative) Types of trainborne equipment ............................................................................. 16
A.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 16
A.2 Trainborne equipment ............................................................................................................................... 16
Annex B (informative) Guidance on approvals testing and verification ............................................... 17
B.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
B.2 Trials ................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Annex C (informative) Guideline braking tests for Adhesion Materials (trainborne and
trackside equipment) ................................................................................................................................. 19
C.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
C.2 Choosing the right test vehicle: ............................................................................................................... 19
C.3 Trainborne equipment ............................................................................................................................... 20
C.4 Test track ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
C.5 Test conditions .............................................................................................................................................. 20
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
C.6 Conducted tests ............................................................................................................................................. 20
C.7 Testing proactive adhesion material ..................................................................................................... 20
C.8 Testing reactive adhesion material: ...................................................................................................... 21
C.9 Effect on break blocks and MTB .............................................................................................................. 21
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 22
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TS.
This document is part of the series EN 15427, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management,
which consists of the following parts:— Part 1-1: Equipment and Application - Flange Lubrication
— Part 1-2: Equipment and Application - Top of Rail materials
— Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion materials
— Part 2-1: Properties and Characteristics - Flange lubricants
— Part 2-2: Properties and Characteristics - Top of Rail materials
— Part 2-3: Properties and Characteristics - Adhesion materials
— Part 3: Rationale for requirements and further background information
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a
complex subject and includes:— lubrication of the wheel flange / rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange or rail
lubrication”;— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface; commonly referred to as “check rail lubrication”
— altering the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread, commonly
referred to as “top of rail friction management”;— applying materials to the wheel rail contact to increase (improve/ enhance/ recover) adhesion.
This document sets out requirements for the application for the adhesion materials. It describes systems
fitted on board trains and on the track, as both systems may need to be employed to achieve effective
adhesion.Managing the wheel-rail interface effectively will reduce wear of both wheel and rail and ensure reliable
braking performance. When friction is managed effectively, noise levels, wear levels and the risk of flange
climbing are reduced. Conversely, where not managed effectively, assets may require replacement
prematurely before reaching their full economic potential.There needs to be control in the application of adhesion materials such that there is:
— no loss of traction or braking performance;— no adverse effect on signalling systems or track circuits;
— no harmful environmental effect;
— no incompatibility between the different lubricants/ materials in use, particularly, between solid and
fluid systems;— no effect on the performance of the infrastructure.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
1 Scope
This document is limited to specifying the requirements when applying adhesion material to the interface
between the wheel tread and the crown of the rail, and includes both trainborne and trackside solutions.
This document only covers the equipment and application of adhesion material to the active interface.
This document defines:— the characteristics that systems for the application of adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface
shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification;
— all relevant terminology which is specific to the adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface.
This document only applies to the mainline railwayNOTE 1 This document can also be used for other railways, e.g urban rail.
NOTE 2 Where technologies are used to influence the wheel/ rail interface, other than the application of a
material, this document is out of scope but can be used as guidance.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13749, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural requirements
of bogie framesFprCEN/TS 15427-2-3, Railway application – Wheel/ Rail friction management – Part 2-3: Properties and
Characteristics – Adhesion materialsEN 16834:2019, Railway applications - Braking - Brake performance
EN 50121-1, Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 1: General
EN 50125-1, Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment - Part 1: Rolling stock and on-
board equipmentEN 50238-1, Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems - Part
1: GeneralEN 61373, Railway applications - Rolling stock equipment - Shock and vibration tests
EN 62621, Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electric traction - Specific requirements for composite
insulators used for overhead contact line systems---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020
FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
active interface
contact area between wheel tread and the crown of the rail
3.2
applicator
part of trackside/trainborne equipment that delivers the adhesion material to the active interface
EXAMPLE Nozzles or pipes.3.3
trainborne equipment
system carried on the train that consists of one or more applicators, a storage unit and a means of control
3.4trackside equipment
system installed on or adjacent to the track that consists of one or more applicators, storage containers
and a means of control3.5
supplier
organisation responsible for supplying the equipment/ adhesion material
3.6
adhesion material
substance used to alter friction at the wheel/rail active interface
EXAMPLE Sand.
3.7
technical specification
document outlining agreement between the client and the supplier
3.8
low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is in the range 0,08 to 0,05 (reference the WSP standard)
3.9very low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is in the range 0,05 to 0,02
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FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
3.10
extremely low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is below 0,02
Note 1 to entry: low, very low and extremely low will be referred to as low adhesion throughout the document.
3.11Wheel Slide Protection (WSP)
system designed to make the best use of available wheel-rail adhesion (where this is less than the wheel-
rail adhesion demanded), and in some cases improve wheel-rail adhesion, by a controlled reduction and
restoration of the brake force to prevent wheelsets from locking and uncontrolled sliding, thereby
minimizing the extension of stopping or slowing distances and possible wheel damage
3.12reactive application
application of the adhesion material when there is the demand from the relevant system
3.13preventative application
planned application of adhesion material to reduce the risk of a low adhesion event
4 General4.1 Purpose
Where a low adhesion event is encountered, the application of adhesion material to the active interface
shall enhance/ recover the adhesion without compromising the safe operation of the railway.
Where adhesion materials are applied as a preventative measure, the adhesion material shall reduce the
risk of a low adhesion event occurring.The specific purpose for the use of adhesion materials and its equipment shall be understood before
deployment in order to achieve the desired outcome. (e.g improved braking performance).
NOTE See FprCEN/TS 15427-2-3:2020, Wheel/Rail friction management – Properties and Characteristics -
Adhesion materials.4.2 Application
The adhesion material application equipment shall apply adhesion material to take effect in the active
interface.The adhesion material application equipment shall be designed to limit contamination of any other part
of the train or infrastructure.Build-up of excess adhesion material on the train or infrastructure shall be avoided.
Where it is likely that adhesion material will come into contact with other materials when applied,
possible incompatibilities shall be considered.The applicator shall be adjustable such that it can be returned to its correct working position following
wheel or rail reprofiling or other maintenance changes.When changing to an alternative adhesion material in the equipment you shall ensure that the
performance of the adhesion material application equipment meets the original requirements of the
client/ standard.A method to determine when refilling is required shall be provided.
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FprCEN/TS 15427-1-3:2020 (E)
A method by which the equipment can be checked to ensure its functional status shall be provided.
Ensure the adhesion material being applied to the active interface, has been approved for use by the
relevant authorizing bodies. (see Annex B).5 Requirements for trainborne equipment
5.1 General
When applying to the active interface, the following shall be considered:
— method of braking (e.g. tread, disk or other);
— position and number of applicator(s) on the vehicle;
— direction of travel;
— proximity of applicator to the wheel and the rail;
— speed of train;
— amount of application.
The position and alignment of each applicator shall take into account:
— suspension movements to ensure application of the adhesion material to the active interface in all
conditions;— the need to gain access for maintenance.
Affected parties shall be engaged and relevant approvals shall be gained upon introduction of trainborne
equipment.NOTE A description of generic types of applicators is given in Annex A.
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment
General consideration when designing and installing trainborne equipment shall include:
— ambient temperature range and climatic conditions (see EN 50125-1);— equipment positioning and alignment;
— protection of the adhesion material from contamination (water, dust, etc…);
— space constraints (e.g. static and dynamic);
— availability of necessary supplies (e.g. electrical, air, hydraulic, etc..);
— options for system control and adhesion material regulation;
— interface with other on-board systems (e.g. braking);
— the type of adhesion material;
— total life cycle cost and maintainability;
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