EN 12952-14:2004
(Main)Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Part 14: Requirements for flue gas DENOX-systems using liquefied pressurized ammonia and ammonia water solution
Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Part 14: Requirements for flue gas DENOX-systems using liquefied pressurized ammonia and ammonia water solution
This draft European Standard covers the safety requirements regarding the storage and use of:
- liquefied pressurized ammonia for steam boiler plants;
- liquid ammonia water solution for the reduction of NOx in the flue gas from boiler plants.
Annex A summarizes the operational aspects.
Wasserrohrkessel und Anlagenkomponenten - Teil 14: Anforderungen an Rauchgas-DENOX-Anlagen die flüssiges Ammoniak und Ammoniakwasserlösung einsetzen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen fest für die Lagerung und den Einsatz von:
- druckverflüssigtem Ammoniak für Dampfkesselanlagen;
- Ammoniakwasserlösungen zur Reduktion von NOx in Rauchgas aus Kesselanlagen.
Anhang A enthält eine Zusammenfassung der betrieblichen Anforderungen.
Chaudières à tubes d'eau et installations auxilaires - Partie 14: Exigences pour les sytèmes de dénitrification (DENOX) des fumées utilisant l'ammoniac liquéfié sous pression et l'ammoniaque liquide
La présente Norme européenne couvre les exigences de sécurité relatives au stockage et à l’utilisation :
d'ammoniac liquéfié sous pression pour installations de chaudières à vapeur ;
d'ammoniaque liquide pour le réduction des NOx dans les fumées provenant des installations de chaudières à vapeur .
L’Annexe A résume les aspects liés à l’exploitation.
Vodocevni kotli in pomožne napeljave - 14. del: Zahteve za naprave dimnih plinov DENOX na tekoči amoniak in vodno raztopino amoniaka
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Wasserrohrkessel und Anlagenkomponenten - Teil 14: Anforderungen an Rauchgas-DENOX-Anlagen die flüssiges Ammoniak und Ammoniakwasserlösung einsetzenChaudieres a tubes d'eau et installations auxilaires - Partie 14: Exigences pour les sytemes de dénitrification (DENOX) des fumées utilisant l'ammoniac liquéfié sous pression et l'ammoniaque liquideWater-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Part 14: Requirements for flue gas DENOX-systems using liquefied pressurized ammonia and ammonia water solution27.060.30Grelniki vode in prenosniki toploteBoilers and heat exchangersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12952-14:2004SIST EN 12952-14:2004en01-september-2004SIST EN 12952-14:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12952-14June 2004ICS 27.040; 27.060.30English versionWater-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Part 14:Requirements for flue gas DENOX-systems using liquifiedpressurized ammonia and ammonia water solutionChaudières à tubes d'eau et installations auxilaires - Partie14: Exigences pour les sytèmes de dénitrification (DENOX)des fumées utilisant l'ammoniac liquéfié sous pression etl'ammoniaque liquideWasserrohrkessel und Anlagenkomponenten - Teil 14:Anforderungen an Rauchgas-DENOX-Anlagen die flüssigesAmmoniak und Ammoniakwasserlösung einsetzenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 March 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12952-14:2004: ESIST EN 12952-14:2004
Contents page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Installations for the storage of liquefied pressurized ammonia.6 4.1 Plant design.6 4.2 Materials.6 4.3 Design of storage vessel.9 4.4 Manufacture.10 4.5 Tests and inspections prior to commissioning.12 4.6 Piping systems for ammonia.13 4.7 Electrical equipment.14 4.8 Equipment of storage vessels.14 4.9 Evaporator station.15 5 Installations for the storage of liquid ammonia.16 5.1 Plant design.16 5.2 Materials.16 5.3 Design of storage vessel.18 5.4 Manufacture.18 5.5 Testing and inspection prior to commissioning.19 5.6 Pipe systems for ammonia.19 5.7 Electrical equipment.20 5.8 Equipment.20 5.9 Production of ammonia vapour.21 Annex A (informative)
Operational aspects.23 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive for Pressure Equipment.24 Bibliography.25
3 Foreword This document (EN 12952-14:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 269 “Shell and water-tube boilers”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2004. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. The European Standard EN 12952 concerning water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations consists of the following parts: Part
1: General Part
2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories Part
3: Design and calculation for pressure parts Part
4: In-service boiler life expectancy calculations Part
5: Workmanship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler Part
6: Inspection during construction; documentation and marking of pressure parts of the boiler Part
7: Requirements for equipment for the boiler Part
8: Requirements for firing systems for liquid and gaseous fuels for the boiler Part
9: Requirements for firing systems for pulverized solid fuels for the boiler Part 10: Requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure Part 11: Requirements for limiting devices of the boiler and accessories Part 12: Requirements for boiler feedwater and boiler water quality Part 13: Requirements for flue gas cleaning systems Part 14: Requirements for flue gas DENOX-systems using liquified pressurized ammonia and ammonia water
solution Part 15: Acceptance tests Part 16: Requirements for grate and fluidized-bed firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler
CR 12952-17: Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations – Part 17: Guideline for the involvement of an inspec-tion body independent of the manufacturer
Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that the parts are interdependent. As such, the design and manufacture of boilers requires the application of more than one Part in order for the require-ments of the standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled. NOTE Part 4 and 15 are not applicable during the design, construction and installation stages. The annex A of this European Standard is informative. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto-nia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 12952-14:2004
1 Scope This draft European Standard covers the safety requirements regarding the storage and use of: liquefied pressurized ammonia for steam boiler plants; liquid ammonia water solution for the reduction of NOx in the flue gas from boiler plants. Annex A summarizes the operational aspects. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 287-1, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels. EN 764:1994, Pressure equipment — Terminology and symbols — Pressure, temperature, volume. EN 764-7, Pressure equipment —Part 7:
Safety systems for unfired pressure equipment. EN 1011-1, Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 1: General guidance for arc welding. EN 1011-2, Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels. EN 1011-3, Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels. EN 1043-1, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Hardness test on arc welded joints. EN 1043-2, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 2: Micro hardness testing on welded joints. EN 1563, Founding — Spheroidal graphite cast irons. EN 1712, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints — Acceptance levels. EN 1713, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination — Characterization of indications in welds. EN 1714, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints. EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature. EN 10025, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions
EN 10028-3, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized. EN 10028-7, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 7: Stainless steels. EN 10204:1991, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents. EN 10213-2, Technical delivery conditions for steel castings for pressure purposes — Part 2: Steel grades for use at room temperature and elevated temperatures. SIST EN 12952-14:2004
5 EN 10216-1, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. EN 10216-2, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties. EN 10216-3, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes. EN 10217-1, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. EN 10222-4, Steel forgings for pressure purposes — Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof strength. EN 10228-3, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel for-gings. EN 12266-1:2003, Industrial valves — Testing of valves — Part 1: Pressure tests, test procedures and acceptance criteria — Mandatory requirements. EN 12952-2, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories. EN 12952-3:2001, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts. EN 12952-5, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 5: Workmanship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler. EN 13445-1:2002, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General. EN 13445-2, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials. EN 13445-3, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design. EN 13445-4, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication. EN 13445-5, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing. EN 13480-3, Metallic industrial piping — Part 3: Design and calculation. EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992). prEN 50156-1, Electrical equipment for furnaces and ancillary equipment — Part 1: Requirements for application design and installation. EN 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas (IEC 60079-10:2002). EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999). EN ISO 5817, Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003). SIST EN 12952-14:2004
3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 764:1994 and EN 13445-1:2002 and the following apply. 3.1 liquefied pressurized ammonia ammonia under a pressure of 10 bar to 15 bar, waterfree, flammable and with a boiling point of – 33°C 3.2 liquid ammonia solution of water, with more the 10 % up to a maximum of 33 % ammonia (used between 15 % and 25 %), flam-mable, boiling point 37 °C 4 Installations for the storage of liquefied pressurized ammonia 4.1 Plant design
Stress corrosion is a hazard associated with the storage of liquid ammonia. lf required, protection against external mechanical and thermal effects shall be provided which shall be suitable for the required installation site. NOTE This may include requirements for irrigation and fire protection systems, see relevant national law in the country of installation. 4.2 Materials 4.2.1 Liquefied pressurized ammonia storage vessel 4.2.1.1 The requirements for materials give in EN 13445-2 shall apply. 4.2.1.2 Plates shall be of fine-grained steels of the basic series or low temperature series in accordance with EN 10028-3 up to a minimum value of yield stress at room temperature of 355 N/mm2. Limit values for chemical composition and for the measured yield stress at room temperature shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.1.7. 4.2.1.3 Seamless tubes shall be of either: a) fine-grained steels of the basic series or low temperature series in accordance with EN 10216-3 up to a mini-mum value of yield stress at room temperature of 355 N/mm2. Limit values for chemical composition and for the measured yield stress at room temperature shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.1.7 or; b) P195 test category 2 and P235 test category 2 in accordance with EN 10216-2. 4.2.1.4 Flanges shall be made from S235JRG2 or S235J2G3 in accordance with EN 10025. Austenitic steel flanges shall be in accordance with EN 10028-7. 4.2.1.5 Forgings (rings, hollow parts, bars) shall be of either: a) fine-grained steels of the basic series in accordance with EN 10222-4 up to a minimum value of yield stress at room temperature of 355 N/mm2. Limit values for chemical composition and the measured yield stress at room temperature in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.1.7 or; b) S235JRG2 and S235J2G3 in accordance with EN 10025. 4.2.1.6 Welded attachments shall be made from either of the following steel grades: a) fine-grained steels in accordance with 4.2.1.2 or; SIST EN 12952-14:2004
7 b) S35JRG2 and S235J2G3 in accordance with EN 10025. 4.2.1.7 Additional requirements for fine-grained steels in accordance with EN 10028-3, EN 10222-4 and EN 10216-3: a) in the ladle analysis the percent by mass of molybdenum shall not exceed 0,04 % and of vanadium shall not exceed 0,02 %; b) for the steel types with a minimum yield stress of 355 N/mm2 the chemical composition shall be such that in the normalized condition the measured yield stress at room temperature shall not exceed the value of 440 N/mm2; c) for hot formed ends made from plates, which meet the requirements of b) a measured yield stress at room temperature of up to 470 N/mm2 shall be permitted. Values exceeding 470 N/mm2 shall be permitted if it is proved by means of an additional normalized specimen taken from the end, that the requirements of b) regarding the yield stress are met. 4.2.1.8 The suitability for the intended purpose and the quality characteristics for other normalised carbon steels which are not listed in 4.2.1.2 to 4.2.1.6 shall be proven. In which case the following general requirements shall be met for ferritic steels: a) the minimum value of the elongation (A) characterizing the grade of steel shall not be less than 22 % on trans-verse specimen; b) the minimum value of impact energy obtained on a transverse specimen (mean value obtained from three Charpy-V-notch impact test specimens), characterizing the grade of steel, shall not be less than 21 J at – 20 °C for fine-grained steels, and shall not be less than 27 J at 20 °C for other steel grades; c) the weldability shall be proved by the material manufacturer. Preheating, welding heat input and type of heat treatment shall be stated by the material manufacturer. In cases where steel impact properties are limited to 27 J at + 20 °C, the design values stated in this standard take account of the risk of brittle fracture by reducing the maximum permissible load in line with the published literature ([2] to [6]). Alternatively, the design must limit the lowest scheduled operating temperature of the plant to +20 °C and preclude loadings likely to lead to brittle fracture, not limited to operating instructions to that effect. 4.2.1.9 Weld filler metals and welding consumables shall be to the requirements in accordance with 4.4.1.5. 4.2.1.10 Stabilized austenitic stainless steels and stainless steels with a carbon content ≤ 0,03 % in accordance with EN 10028-7 may also be used as cladding material for roll claddings. 4.2.1.11 Copper, copper alloys and nickel alloys which contain copper shall not be used. 4.2.1.12 The steels covered by 4.2.1.2 to 4.2.1.6 shall be tested in accordance with the relevant European Standards. a) in the case of fine-grained steels in accordance with EN 10028-3, EN 10222-4 and EN 10216-3, the impact energy shall be tested; b) the plates shall be subjected to ultrasonic testing in accordance with EN 1712, EN 1713 and EN 1714 as follows; test grid ≤ 200 mm or in lines with a distance of ≤ 100 mm. Zones for longitudinal, circumferential and nozzle welds and for connection of support brackets and lifting lugs, on a width equal to plate thickness, but at least 50 mm; plates for ends (heads) shall be subject to ultrasonic surface area testing, and the ends shall be subjected to ultrasonic edge zone testing; c) forgings in accordance with 4.2.1.5 greater than DN 100 shall be subjected to ultrasonic testing in accordance with EN 10228-3; SIST EN 12952-14:2004
d) products made from steels in accordance with 4.2.1.10 shall be tested in accordance with the requirements in accordance with EN 10028-7. 4.2.1.13 Material certificates for pressure bearing parts shall be in accordance with inspection certificate 3.1.B in accordance with EN 10204:1991. For materials in accordance with EN 10025 test report 2.2 in accordance with EN 10204:1991 shall be sufficient. 4.2.2 Plant components 4.2.2.1 The requirements given in EN 13445-2 shall apply. 4.2.2.2 Copper, copper alloys and nickel alloys which contain copper, shall not be used for ammonia-containing plant parts. This shall also apply to pressure parts which may come into contact with ammonia due to
leakage or diffusion, e.g. stem nuts, control air lines. Lammellar-graphite cast iron shall not be used. 4.2.2.3 The following materials shall be used for ammonia-containing components: a) for piping, seamless pipes made from P195GH, P235GH or P265GH in accordance with EN 10216-2; Piping components which are part of pressure vessels (ammonia storage vessels or evaporators) shall comply with test category 2 in accordance with EN 10216-2. b) for flanges, S235JRG2 and S235J2G3 in accordance with EN 10025. Austenitic steel flanges shall be in ac-cordance with EN 10028-7; c) for forgings, S235JRG2 and S235J2G3 in accordance with EN 10025; d) for welded attachments, S235JRG2 and S235J2G3 in accordance with EN 10025; e) for bolts and nuts shall be in accordance with EN ISO 898-1 and EN 20898-2; f) for casings of pumps and compressors, spheroidal graphite cast iron JS1024, 1025, 1014, 1015 in accordance with EN 1563 or cast steel GP240GH/GR in accordance with EN 10213-2; g) for valves, unalloyed forging steels to c). For special valves not made from forged steels, cast steel may be used in accordance with f). 4.2.2.4 The suitability for the intended purpose and the quality characteristics for other normalized carbon steels which are not listed in 4.2.2.3 shall be proven in which case the following general requirements shall be met for ferritic steels: a) the minimum value of the elongation (A) characterizing the grade of steel shall not be less than 22 % on trans-verse specimen; b) the minimum value of the impact energy (means value obtained on three Charpy-V-notch specimens in trans-verse direction) characterising the grade of steel shall not be less than 27 J for steels at 20 °C; c) the weldability shall be proved by the manufacturer. Preheating, welding heat input and type of heat treatment shall be stated by the manufacturer. In cases where steel impact properties are limited to 27 J at + 20 °C, the design values stated in this standard take account of the risk of brittle fracture by reducing the maximum permissible load in line with the published literature ([2] to [6]). Alternatively, the design must limit the lowest scheduled operating temperature of the plant to +20 °C and preclude loadings likely to lead to brittle fracture, not limited to operating instructions to that effect. 4.2.2.5 Stabilized austenitic stainless steels and stainless steels with a carbon content ≤ 0,03 % to EN 10028-7 may also be used as cladding material for roll cladding. 4.2.2.6 For evaporators and other pressure vessels with volumes > 100 l, the requirements of 4.2.1 shall
apply. SIST EN 12952-14:2004
9 4.2.2.7 The suitability for the intended use and the quality characteristics for other materials not covered by 4.2.2.1 to 4.2.2.5 shall be proved. 4.2.2.8 The following testing of materials shall be done: a) the steels to 4.2.2.3 shall be tested in accordance with the relevant European Standards mentioned there; b) forgings in accordance with 4.2.2.3 c) and 4.2.2.3 g) greater than DN 100 shall be subjected to ultrasonic test-ing in accordance with EN 10228-3; c) products made from steels to 4.2.2.5 shall be tested in accordance with EN 10028-7. 4.2.2.9 Material certificates for pressure bearing parts shall be in accordance with inspection certificate 3.1.B in accordance with EN 10204:1991. For materials in accordance with EN 10025 test report 2.2 in accordance with EN 10204:1991 shall be sufficient. 4.3 Design of storage vessel 4.3.1 When designing the vessels local material and filler metal accumulations as well as abrupt wall thickness transitions, i.e. local changes in stiffness, shall be avoided. If practicable, the welds shall be positioned in zones subject to lower stresses, i.e. neither in the direct vicinity of transitions due to change in dimension or cross-section nor at points of load application. Irrespective of the design requirements to contain the internal pressure the vessel dimensions shall be selected so that no welded-on reinforcing rings are required for the purpose of vessel stability. 4.3.2 All nozzle and other connections shall be arranged in the gas space. All nozzles shall have a minimum nominal diameter of DN 50. Two access openings shall be provided. These openings shall be arranged in the vicinity of the vessel ends, and shall have a minimum nominal diameter of DN 800. Where a manhole ring (dome) is provided for access openings and pipe connections it shall be high enough to en-sure that all flange connections are located beneath its upper edge. The manhole ring need not be connected to the pressure vessel by means of welds. It shall be designed so as to keep constraints at the vessel shell as low as possible. 4.3.3 All nozzles shall be fully welded over their circumference to the vessel wall. Nozzles with a nominal diame-ter of up to and including DN 100 may be set on by welding. Set on nozzles shall have their roots ground. The drilled edges in the vessel shall be rounded. All nozzles with an inside diameter ≤ 120 mm shall be designed so as to make external ultrasonic examination pos-sible if required, to examine for cracking in the nozzle weld on the inside of the vessel. Rings for reinforcement of openings shall not be permitted. The reduced area shall be compensated by adequately dimensioning the wall thickness of the nozzles.
Welded attachments shall be fixed by double-vee butt or double fillet welds. Unwelded residual gaps shall not be permitted. 4.3.4 Welded connections are preferred to flanged connections. When flanged connections are incorporated flanges rated at PN 40 and provided with form-fit gaskets, shall be used. 4.3.5 All welded joints on the vessel shall be capable of being non-destructively examined. Prior to stress-relief heat treatment, the weld surfaces shall be dressed as follows: a) vessel inside (wetted by ammonia): The longitudinal and circumferential welds shall be ground flush to the plate surface to make examinations possible. Inside nozzle welds and welds for attachments shall be ground notch-free to form smooth transitions. b) vessel outside: SIST EN 12952-14:2004
All welded joints shall be so laid as to make examinations possible. 4.3.6 The tensile strength Rm at 20 °C shall not be considered when determining the allowable stress for equa-tion (6.3-1 of EN 12952-3:2001). 4.3.7 The wall thickness shall be designed for 24 bar. This design pressure is composed of the saturated vapour pressure ammonia at 50 °C (highest assumed temperature of fluid, 20 bar) and an allowance of 20 %. This allow-ance shall be omitted for austenitic steels. 4.3.8 Additional loadings on the vessel wall shall be taken into account in the calculation. This means, for hori-zontal ammonia vessels, additional forces arising from cradle supports or saddles, or those arising from the type of foundation1). 4.4 Manufacture 4.4.1 Liquefied pressurized ammonia storage vessels of ferritic steels 4.4.1.1 The general requirements of EN 12952-5 shall apply. 4.4.1.2 During manufacture including welding of normalized fine-grained structural steels with minimum yield stress values < 355 N/mm2 the requirements of EN 1011-2 shall be taken into consideration. 4.4.1.3 Cold-formed ends shall be normalized. 4.4.1.4 The welded joints shall be made using the TIG welding, manual metal arc welding or submerged arc welding processes with a heat input suitable to obtain an as low as possible hardness. The weld-metal hardness in the component on the fluid-wetted side shall not exceed 230 HV 102) after stress relief heat treatment. 4.4.1.5 Only qualified basic filler metals and consumables shall be used. These shall not be alloyed with mo-lybdenum or vanadium. Storage and drying of filler metals and consumables shall follow the requirements of EN 1011-1. The filler metals and consumables shall be so selected and processed during welding that the yield stress at room temperature of the deposited filler metal and the hardness of the welded joint match the properties of the base metal. This shall be proved by mechanical testing on test pieces, see 4.4.1.6. 4.4.1.6 Mechanical testing on test pieces shall be in accordance with EN 13445-5. Additional tests: a) Tensile test in accordance with EN 10002-1 on weld metal specimen (round bar with L0 = 5d) for thicknesses ≤ 10 mm for determining the mechanical properties of the weld metal. The yield stress at room temperature shall not exceed 500 N/mm2. The tensile strength of the base metal in the all-weld metal specimen may be less than the minimum tensile strength by up to 10 % if the minimum tensile strength required in the base metal is obtained in the specimen transverse to the weld. b) Hardness of the welded joint in accordance with EN 1043-1 and EN 1043-2. A weld metal hardness value of 230 HV 10 shall not be exceeded2) on the fluid-wetted side. With regard to the additional tests on any welding procedure used for circumferential or longitudinal welds, all filler metals and consumables used, and each melt of the plate materials used, including those used for ends, shall be recorded.
1) Moreover, additional forces occurring in double-walled vessels by constraints arising from the connection between the
external and internal vessel walls, should be taken into account. 2) Conversion to other values may be made if other hardness test procedures are used. SIST EN 12952-14:2004
11 Prior to cutting out the specimens the test pieces shall be subjected to the production stress-relief heat treatment in accordance with 4.4.1.11. 4.4.1.7 The preheating interpass temperatures for the welding of fine-grained structural steels shall be at least 100 °C. These preheating and interpass temperatures may also apply to other carbon steels. For all welds on the vessel temperatures in the upper range should be used over a large area of the material cross-section. These shall be monitored by a sufficient number of measuring points. 4.4.1.8 The welding conditions (filler metals and consumables, preheating and interpass temperatures, heat input, and stress relief treatment) shall be included in a welding procedure sheet. They shall be in conformance with the conditions laid down by the welding procedure qualification and shall be supervised by the manufacturer`s welding supervisor. 4.4.1.9 The weld shall be in accordance quality group B of EN ISO 5817. Peaking or flattening within the area of longitudinal welds, measured as deviation from normal roundness, shall not exceed 5 mm (template length 500 mm). 4.4.1.10 The surfaces of welded joints shall be ground in accordance with the requirements of 4.3.5 prior to stress relief heat treatment3). Surface damage on the inside of the vessel which is subject to cold or hot forming, shall be removed by grinding. When grinding, care shall be taken to ensure that no grinding cracks or annealing colours are produced by excessive heating4). 4.4.1.11 The following stress relief heat treatment shall be carried out: a) the suitability of the heat treatment facility shall be proved prior to heat treatment with regard to the predeter-mined temperature tolerances; b) upon completion the vessels shall be subjected to a stress relief heat treatment at a temperature of 570 ± 20 °C which shall include all welds and cold-formed base metal areas. The holding time shall be 2 min/mm wall thickness with a minimum of 30 min, but shall not exceed 90 min (with respect to possible re-peated heat treatments). The measuring points shall be distributed in sufficient number over the length and cir-cumference of the vessel and shall be monitored. For heating up the vessel to annealing temperature, a maxi-mum heat-up rate of 50 K/h for the temperature range 300 °C ≤ υ ≤ 570 °C shall apply. Cooling to a tempera-ture below 300 °C will be in still air; c) the whole vessel shall be subjected to stress relieving in the furnace; d) after stress relieving no welding or grinding work or cold forming shall be performed on the vessel which may lead to tensile stresses on the inside of the vessel. Minor grinding work on the vessel outside shall be permit-ted. Deviations herefrom shall be at the responsibility of the manufacturer and shall be documented. 4.4.2 Plant components 4.4.2.1 The general requirements of EN 13445-4 shall apply. 4.4.2.2 The welded joints shall be made using the TIG welding, manual metal arc welding or submerged arc welding processes with a heat input suitable to obtain as low as possible hardness. The hardness of the weld metal and of cold-bent pipes shall not exceed 230 HV 102) and if required, stress relieving shall be performed. Root runs shall be exclusively welded by the TIG welding process. 4.4.2.3 Only qualified basic filler metals and consumables shall be used. These shall not be alloyed with
molybdenum or vanadium. Storage drying of filler metals and consumable shall follow the requirements of EN 1011-1.
3) Electrode arc burning beside the weld groove should be avoided. If present, arc burns should be eliminated prior to stress relieving by careful grinding (observing minimum wall thickness) to form smooth transitions. 4) In this respect carborundum or ceramic-bond disks show favourable behaviour. The disk should be continuously moved during grinding; excessive grinding pressure should be avoided. SIST EN 12952-14:2004
The filler metals and consumables shall be so selected and processed during welding that the yield stress at room temperature of the deposited filler metal and the hardness of the welded joint match the properties of the base metal. This shall be proved by mechanical testing on test pieces, see 4.4.1.6. 4.4.2.4 The welding conditions (filler metals and consumables, preheating and interpass temperatures, heat input, and stress relief treatment) shall be included in a welding procedure sheet. They shall be in conformance with the conditions laid down by the welding procedure qualification and shall be supervised by the manufacturer`s welding supervisor. 4.4.2.5 The weld quality shall be to quality group B in accordance with EN ISO 5817. 4.4.2.6 The following stress relieving heat treatment shall be carried out: a) for evaporators and other pressure vessels with volumes > 100 l, stress relieving of the welded joints and cold-bent pipes shall be carried out; b) welded joints and cold-bent pipes between pressure vessels with volumes > 100 l and the first isolating valve, shall be stress relieved; c) welded-joint and cold-bent tubes of the other pipework with hardness values > 230 H 102) shall be stress-relieved; d) the heat treatment facility shall be adequate for the predetermined temperature tolerances. 4.4.2.7 Plant components of stainless austenitic steel shall be welded in accordance with EN 1011-3. 4.5 Tests and inspections prior to commissioning 4.5.1 Liquefied pressurized ammonia storage vessel of ferritic steel 4.5.1.1 Random checks on specified parameters in 4.4.1.1 to 4.4.1.11 shall be performed and recorded. 4.5.1.2 Vessels made from ferritic steel shall be checked after stress relieving in accordance with Table 1. 4.5.1.3 Vessels made from materials in accordance with 4.2.1.10 shall be examined in accordance with the relevant standards. 4.5.1.4 At least 10 % of the length of all welds shall be subjected to ultrasonic testing or radiography and at least 25 % of their length to surface crack detection. Table 4.5-1 — Testing after stress relieving Weld Side Ultrasonic volume testing Magnetic particle testing ammonia-wetted side
100 %a 100 % Longitudinal and circumferential welds vessel outside — all butted joints on a length of approx. 400 mm Nozzle welds both sides
100 % 100 % ammonia-wetted side
100 % 100 % Welded attachments vessel — 100 % a This test is suitably performed on the vessel outside.
4.5.1.5 The test results shall be recorded. 4.5.1.6 The vessel shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test. At the highest point of the vessel the minimum test pressure shall be dtpp×=43,1 (4.5-1) SIST EN 12952-14:2004
13 where the design pressure in accordance with 4.3.7 shall be taken for pd. For the test pressure pt the allowable stress ''SKf= (4.5-2) shall not be exceeded. The hydrostatic test shall be performed after final machining and heat treatment. 4.5.2 Plant equipment 4.5.2.1 Random checks on specified parameters in 4.4.1.1 to 4.4.1.11 shall be performed and recorded. 4.5.2.2 The welded joints between a vessel with a volume > 100 l and the first safety shut-off valve shall be fully tested. On the other ammonia-carrying pipes 25 % of the welded joint shall be radiographed, except for piping systems for ammonia gas mixtures with ammonia proportion ≤ 10 vol. %. By means of this radiography the joints welded by each individual welder shall be examined to a sufficient extent for to validate the welder's qualification. 4.5.2.3 The test results shall be recorded. 4.5.2.4 The pipes shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test in accordance with 4.5.1.6. Where the hydrostatic pressure test is harmful or impractical, special tests shall be performed, to give an equivalent safety level e.g. non-destructive tests of all welds, leakage testing, special consideration of materials ductility and extended final inspection. 4.5.2.5 One leakage test shall suffice for piping systems carrying ammonia gas mixtures with an ammonia proportion ≤ 10 volume % and a working gauge pressure ≤ 1,0 bar. 4.6 Piping systems for ammonia 4.6.1 Piping systems for liquid ammonia shall be designed in accordance with EN 13480-3 for at least a nominal pressure of 25 bar. Pipework downstream of the pressure regulating station shall be designed for and safeguarded against the pressures which may occur. 4.6.2 Piping connections shall preferably be made by welding. Where detachable connections are required, flanged joints with male and female face or tongue and groove shall be provided. Alternatively gaskets that cannot be blown out shall be permissible. 4.6.3 Piping runs for ammonia in its liquid phase, which can be isolated, shall be safeguarded by relief or safety valves unless an inadmissible pressure rise due to fluid thermal expansion is prevented by other means. The safety valve shall relieve the pressure into a relief system or via an escape pipe to atmosphere set at a sufficient height to prevent danger. 4.6.4 The outdoor installation of pipes or installation on pipes racks shall be done in such a way that the pipes cannot be endangered by impinging vehicles or construction equipment. 4.6.5 Welded pipe connections shall be accessible for the first and periodic inspections to enable testing and inspection to be carried out. For pipes installed in protective jackets an examination of the intermediate space shall be possible to check for leaks. 4.6.6 The pipes shall be protected against external corrosion. Special attention shall be paid to corrosion protection between pipe supports (pipe clamps) and pipes. Supporting structures shall be protected against corrosion e.g. by the hot-dip galvanised type. When austenitic steels are used, contacts between ferritic and austenitic steels shall be avoided. 4.6.7 Valves for liquid ammonia shall be so designed that no inadmissible thermally induced fluid pressure is built up. For this purpose of safety, the position of the valves shall be clearly recognizable. SIST EN 12952-14:2004
4.6.8 lf practicable, valves shall be grouped together for emergency reasons. 4.6.9 Nozzles with sizes < DN 25 shall be protected against damage by external influences (e.g. by increasing the wall thickness). 4.6.10 The valves shall be subjected to strength and leakage testing in accordance with EN 12266-1 in the manu-facturer's works. a) strength testing of the body shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12266-1; b) leakage testing of the seat shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12266-3:2003, A.4; In both cases a) and b) the leakage rate shall be leakage rate A in accordance with EN 12266-1:2003, Table A.5. c) Strengths and leakage tests shall be certified by acceptance test certificate 3.1.B to EN 10204:1991. 4.6.11 Monitoring and control devices shall be fitted to automatic switch off conveying devices (e.g. pumps, com-pressors) when the allowable filling height is reached or at the latest, if a pressure 10 % less than the allowable working gauge pressure of the vessel is achieved.
4.6.12 For piping systems containing ammonia gas mixtures with an ammonia proportion ≤ 10 volume %, the
requirements in 4.4.2.2, 2nd sentence shall be omitted. 4.7 Electrical equipment
4.7.1 All safety circuits shall be designed in accordance with prEN 50156-1. Because the vapour of ammonia is flammable the electrical installation in this area shall be in accordance with EN 60079-10. 4.7.2 An emergency shutdown system shall be installed to act upon the respective drives and actuators. For the electrical components of the emergency shutdown system the requirements shall be met, e.g. if prEN 50156-1 has been taken into consideration. The fault assessment chart of prEN 50156-1 shall also be applied for faults in
hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical components. For the manual actuation of the emergency shutdown system, emergency switches shall be installed at several readily accessible locations in the ammonia storage plant and the filling installations, and in addition to at a perma-nently manned position. 4.7.3 All safety-related electric control and monitoring devices shall be connected to the emergency power
supply system or a safeguarded main. These safety-related devices include especially gas warning systems, emergency shutdown system, filling level and pressure measuring devices of the ammonia vessel, sprinkling
systems, lighting and drives. 4.8 Equipment of storage vessels 4.8.1 Marking The marking of storage vessels shall be in accordance with EN 13445-5. 4.8.2 lndication and relief of pressure
4.8.2.1 The devices for indicating and relieving the pressure shall be in accordance with EN 764-7. 4.8.2.2 The storage vessel shall be equipped with a continuously operating remote pressure indicator. The alarm signal released in the case of excess of pressure shall be transferred to a permanently manned location. 4.8.2.3 The storage vessel shall be equipped with two safety valves only one of which shall be permanently ready for operation. The change-over system shall ensure the required discharge area is maintained at all times. The system shall consist of one of the following: - a two-way cock; SIST EN 12952-14:2004
15 - a change-over valve; or - an interlocking system. Where one of the safety devices is disassembled, the two-way cock, the change-over valve or the interlocking sys-tem shall be safeguar
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