CEN/TS 15087:2005
(Main)Determination of the uplift resistance of installed clay and concrete interlocking tiles for roofing - Test method for mechanical fasteners
Determination of the uplift resistance of installed clay and concrete interlocking tiles for roofing - Test method for mechanical fasteners
This Technical Specification specifies a test method for determining the strength and uplift resistance of fasteners for clay and concrete interlocking tiles for roofing.
NOTE 1 The results of this test may be used to determine the uplift force which can be withstood by the fastener; e.g. to withstand wind force.
NOTE 2 When the results of the test method for mechanical fasteners have a correlation to the results of the roof system test method [EN 14437] they can be used to establish the uplift resistance of installed clay and concrete tiles for roofing.
The test method is applicable to mechanical fasteners such as clips, hooks, screws and nails. It is not applicable to fasteners which hold down more than one tile.
Bestimmung des Abhebewiderstandes von verlegten Dachziegeln und Betondachsteinen - Prüfverfahren für mechanische Verbindungselemente
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Festigkeit und des Abhebewiderstandes von Verbindungselementen für Dachziegel und Betondachsteine fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Die Ergebnisse dieser Prüfung dürfen zur Bestimmung der Auftriebskraft, z. B. der Windkraft, verwendet werden, der das Verbindungselement widerstehen kann.
ANMERKUNG 2 Falls die Ergebnisse des Prüfverfahrens für mechanische Verbindungselemente mit den Ergebnissen des Prüfverfahrens für Dachsysteme [EN 14437] korrelieren, können sie zur Bestimmung des Abhebewiderstandes von verlegten Dachziegeln und Betondachsteinen verwendet werden.
Dieses Prüfverfahren ist auf mechanische Verbindungselemente wie Klemmen, Haken, Schrauben und Nägel anwendbar. Es ist nicht auf Verbindungselemente anwendbar, die zur Befestigung von mehr als einem Ziegel
Détermination de la résistance au soulèvement des tuiles à emboîtement en terre cuite ou en béton mises en oeuvre sur la toiture - Méthode d'essai des fixations mécaniques
La présente Spécification technique spécifie une méthode d’essai permettant de déterminer la résistance et la
résistance au soulèvement des fixations pour des tuiles à emboîtement en terre cuite ou en béton.
NOTE 1 Les résultats obtenus par le présent essai pourront être utilisés pour déterminer la force de soulèvement à
laquelle peut résister la fixation, par exemple résistance aux forces du vent.
NOTE 2 Lorsque les résultats de la méthode d’essai relative aux fixations mécaniques sont en corrélation avec les
résultats de la méthode d’essai par système de toiture [EN 14437], ils peuvent être utilisés pour établir les résistance au
soulèvement des tuiles en terre cuite ou en béton mises en oeuvre sur la toiture.
La méthode d’essai s’applique aux fixations mécaniques telles que clips, crochets, vis et pointes. Elle ne
s’applique pas aux fixations prévues pour maintenir plus d’une tuile.
Ugotavljanje dvižne odpornosti vgrajenih opečnih in betonskih strešnikov – Preskusna metoda za mehanske vezi
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2006
8JRWDYOMDQMHGYLåQHRGSRUQRVWLYJUDMHQLKRSHþQLKLQEHWRQVNLKVWUHãQLNRY±
3UHVNXVQDPHWRGD]DPHKDQVNHYH]L
Determination of the uplift resistance of installed clay and concrete interlocking tiles for
roofing - Test method for mechanical fasteners
Bestimmung des Abhebewiderstandes von verlegten Dachziegeln und Betondachsteinen
- Prüfverfahren für mechanische Verbindungselemente
Détermination de la résistance au soulevement des tuiles a emboîtement en terre cuite
ou en béton mises en oeuvre sur la toiture - Méthode d'essai des fixations mécaniques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15087:2005
ICS:
91.060.20 Strehe Roofs
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15087
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
December 2005
ICS 91.060.20; 91.100.30
English Version
Determination of the uplift resistance of installed clay and
concrete interlocking tiles for roofing - Test method for
mechanical fasteners
Détermination de la résistance au soulèvement des tuiles à Bestimmung des Abhebewiderstandes von verlegten
emboîtement en terre cuite ou en béton mises en oeuvre Dachziegeln oder Betondachsteinen - Prüfverfahren für
sur la toiture - Méthode d'essai des fixations mécaniques mechanische Verbindungselemente
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 1 March 2005 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15087:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions.4
4 Symbols and abbreviations.4
5 Sampling.5
6 Test conditions .5
7 Test material.6
8 Apparatus .6
9 Test Procedure.6
10 Evaluation and expression of results.8
11 Test report .9
Annex A (informative) Example of an arrangement of the test apparatus for determination of
fastener strength.10
Annex B (informative) Hinged batten for supporting a test tile .11
Annex C (informative) Calculation of characteristic values .12
Annex D (informative) Maximum design value of the uplift resistance.13
Annex E (informative) Force actions on clip in an assembly of roofing elements .14
Foreword
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15087:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 128
“Roof covering products for discontinuous laying and products for wall cladding”, the secretariat of which is
held by IBN.
This document is applicable where the National application standards, and/or, regulations, specify a
requirement for the uplift resistance of installed clay or concrete tiles for roofing.
No existing European Standard is superseded.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a test method for determining the strength and uplift resistance of
fasteners for clay and concrete interlocking tiles for roofing.
NOTE 1 The results of this test may be used to determine the uplift force which can be withstood by the fastener; e.g.
to withstand wind force.
NOTE 2 When the results of the test method for mechanical fasteners have a correlation to the results of the roof
system test method [EN 14437] they can be used to establish the uplift resistance of installed clay and concrete tiles for
roofing.
The test method is applicable to mechanical fasteners such as clips, hooks, screws and nails. It is not
applicable to fasteners which hold down more than one tile.
2 Normative references
Not applicable.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
characteristic value
value of a material property having a prescribed probability of not being attained in a hypothetical unlimited
test series; this value generally corresponds to a specific fractile of the assumed statistical distribution of the
particular property of the material
3.2
gauge
length of the exposed part of the fixed tile, measured longitudinally; this is the same as the batten gauge
3.3
mechanical fasteners
screws, clips, nails and hooks
4 Symbols and abbreviations
d maximum displacement of tile D (mm);
max
F test load, (N);
F force acting on the mechanical fastener;
c
F test load without a fastener fitted (N);
F maximum test load at failure (N);
i, MAX
k a factor depending on the number of tests n;
n
L hanging length (mm);
h
L distance between the pivot line and the applied uplift force (mm);
F
L distance between the pivot line and the centre of the clip (mm);
C
n number of tests;
R maximum design value;
d
R characteristic fastener uplift resistance (N);
k
R individual fastener uplift resistance (N);
i
R mean fastener uplift resistance (N);
x
s standard deviation of the uplift resistance (N);
x
γ partial safety factor for resistance, which may be defined by a national regulation;
F is the uplift force (N) acting in the centre of the exposed area of each tile or slate;
t
–2;
g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9,81 ms
q is the moment arm (m) shown in Figure E.1;
r is the moment arm (m) shown in Figure E.1;
w is the mass of one tile (kg);
t
p is the moment arm (m) shown in Figure E.1;
α is the angle of the tile or slate to the horizontal (degrees) when laid on the roof.
5 Sampling
The clay and concrete tiles for the roofing selected shall be representative of the tiles specified by the
manufacturer.
The battens selected shall be representative, i.e., in line with the tile product and instructions of the clip
manufacturer.
The fasteners used for the test shall be representative of the manufactured product.
In selecting the number of elements refer to Clauses 7 and 9, taking into consideration that in each case a trial
test and at least 3 tests shall be conducted.
NOTE The specification of the battens may include a reference to a national code of practice.
6 Test conditions
Unless specified otherwise, the roofing tiles, fasteners and test frame shall be stored for at least 24 hours in
an environment of (20 ± 5) °C, and (60 ± 20) % relative humidity, prior to the test. The manner of storage shall
not interfere with the free exchange of moisture from or into the materials. The test shall be conducted in the
same conditions as the storage.
NOTE If in practice, the moisture content of the battens is expected to be different from the standard conditions, and
if it is expected that this may influence the test results, this should be taken into account; e.g. by testing under the
appropriate conditions and recording the moisture content of the battens used.
7 Test material
The test materials shall be randomly chosen from the samples.
8 Apparatus
8.1 Test Rig
An example of the apparatus is shown in Annex A, and consists of:
a) a horizontal rigid base frame onto which is attached counter battens (to simulate rafters at the maximum
intended rafter centres) and tiling battens set at the appropriate gauge. The top tiling batten shall be
attached to the counter battens by hinges (see Annex B);
b) the tiles to be tested are fastened to the battens with tail clips fixed to the tail (lower half of tile) batten
and/or nails/screws /head clips fixed to the head (top part of tile) batten;
c) a means of loading test sample via a load application device, capable of applying a loading rate of not
less than 100 N/min initially in a direction normal to the tile surface at the loading point;
d) a load application device that includes a calibrated force-measuring device e.g. load cell. The load
application device shall be hinged at both ends and the length of the device between the hinges should
exceed the hanging length of the tile;
e) a rigid bar, incorporating an accurate system for locating and supporting a calibrated displacement-
measuring device, the bar shall permit the tail of the fixed tile to be raised by d (see 9.2.3 d).
max
8.2 Force measuring device
A calibrated force-measuring device shall be used to determine the uplift force having a maximum inaccuracy
in combination with the reading equipment of 1 % of the measured value or 10 N, whichever is the larger.
8.3 Measuring device for displacement of the roofing tiles
A calibrated displacement-measuring device shall be used to determine the displacement of the roofing tiles
and shall have a maximum inaccuracy of 0,2 mm. The displacement-measuring device shall not exert forces
larger than 1 % of the uplift force. The measuring device shall be able to measure displacements in excess of
d .
max
NOTE Other apparatus satisfying Clause 8 may also be used.
9 Test Procedure
9.1 Procedure for Setting up the Test
Fix the counter-battens (to simulate the rafters) to the base frame at 600 mm spacing. Fix the battens of
appropriate dimensions to the counter-battens at the specified minimum gauge for the roofing element.
Referring to Figure 1 lay tiles A and B.
Straight bond: Broken (half) bond:
Figure 1: Arrangement of tiles (A, B, B , B , C, D are tiles)
1 2
The load application device shall be attached to tile C at the centre of its exposed area.
Lay tile C then attach and fix the fastener to the test sample in accordance with the relevant specification and
normal standards of workmanship, then lay tile D without fastener.
Securely fix tiles C and D at their heads to the top (hinged) batten (e.g. by nails, screws, bolts or clamps). If
the fixing configuration under test includes head fasteners then the head of tile C shall be fixed with the test
head fasteners and the hinged batten replaced with a fixed batten and arrangements made to have a tile
overlap tile C to allow the measurement of the residual displacement.
Attach the displacement-measuring device to its rigid support such that it measures the displacement of tile D
over the fastener position and in a direction normal to the surface of tile D.
NOTE 1 The lower batten, supporting the tails of tiles A and B, will need to be of greater depth e.g. double batten than
the other battens so that tiles A and B will lay parallel to tiles C and D in the final assembly.
NOTE 2 Care should be taken to ensure that the size and/or positioning of the hinges on the top batten does not
interfere with the seating of the tiles.
NOTE 3 Most interlocking tiles are laid from right to left. If the test tiles are those which are laid from left to right then
the arrangement shown in Annex A and Figure 1 should be treated as a mirror image with tile numbers and instructions
adjusted accordingly.
NOTE 4 Mo
...
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