EN 13591:2005+A1:2009

Food processing machinery - Fixed deck oven loaders - Safety and hygiene requirements

This European Standard applies to the design and manufacture of fixed deck oven loaders used in the food industry, bakeries, pastry-making, etc. These machines are used to place dough pieces on each deck of fixed deck ovens and to remove the baked products from each deck.
This equipment may be:
-   manual;
-   semi-automatic (some movements powered, some movements requiring manual power).
The European Standard covers technical safety and hygiene requirements for the design, installation, adjustment, operating, cleaning and maintenance of this equipment.
This European Standard deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to fixed oven deck loaders, when used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.
Noise from fixed deck oven loaders is not considered to be a significant hazard. That does not mean that the manufacturer of the machine is absolved from reducing noise and making a noise declaration. Therefore a noise test code is given in Annex A.
The following equipment are excluded:
-   experimental equipment and equipment under development by the manufacturer;
-   loaders for conveyor ovens;
-   loaders integral to the oven;
-   fully automated fixed deck oven loaders.
This European Standard in not applicable to fixed deck oven loaders that are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.

Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Ofenbeschickungseinrichtungen - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen

Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an die Konstruktion und Herstellung von Ofenbeschickungs-einrichtungen fest, die in der Lebensmittelindustrie und in Bäckereien und Patisserien usw. verwendet werden. Diese Maschinen werden benutzt um Teigstücke in die verschiedenen Etagen eines Ofens einzubringen und nach dem Backen aus diesen Ebenen heraus zu entnehmen.
Diese Maschinen können
-   handbetrieben;
-   und halbautomatisch (einige Bewegungen erfordern Handarbeit und andere werden angetrieben) sein.
Diese Europäische Norm befasst sich mit den Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen an die Konstruktion, Herstellung, Installation, Einstellung, den Betrieb, die Reinigung und Wartung dieser Maschinen.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt signifikante Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die auf Ofenbeschickungseinrichtungen zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und unter Bedingungen von durch den Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen verwendet werden (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Lärm von Ofenbeschickungseinrichtungen wird nicht als signifikante Gefährdung angesehen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass der Hersteller dieser Maschine nicht befreit ist Geräuschreduzierungsmaßnahmen durchzuführen und einen Lärmemissionspegel anzugeben. Deshalb enthält Anhang A ein Geräuschmessverfahren.
Folgende Maschinen sind ausgeschlossen:
-   Versuchsmaschinen und in der Entwicklung befindliche Maschinen beim Hersteller;
-   Belader für Bandöfen;
-   im Ofen integrierte Beschickungseinrichtungen;
-   vollautomatische Beschickungseinrichtungen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Maschinen, die vor dem Ausgabedatum dieser Europäischen Norm durch CEN hergestellt wurden.

Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Elévateurs-enfourneurs - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiène

La présente Norme européenne s’applique à la conception et à la fabrication des élévateurs-enfourneurs utilisés dans l’industrie alimentaire, les boulangeries, les pâtisseries, etc. Ces machines sont utilisées pour déposer les pâtons dans chacun des étages des fours à soles et les retirer après cuisson.
Ces appareils peuvent être :
-   manuels ;
-   semi-automatiques (certains mouvements sont automatiques et d'autres manuels).
La présente Norme européenne couvre les prescriptions techniques de sécurité et d’hygiène pour la conception, l’installation, le réglage, le fonctionnement, le nettoyage et la maintenance de ces appareils.
!La présente Norme européenne traite des phénomènes dangereux, situations et événements dangereux significatifs spécifiques engendrés par les élévateurs-enfourneurs, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés normalement et dans les conditions de mauvaises utilisation raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant (voir Article 4)."
Le risque dû au bruit émis par les élévateurs-enfourneurs n'est pas considéré comme étant un phénomène dangereux. Cela ne signifie pas que le fabricant de la machine est dispensé de l'obligation de réduire le bruit et de faire une déclaration de bruit. Par conséquent, l'Annexe A présente un code d’essai acoustique.
Les appareils suivants sont exclus :
-   les appareils expérimentaux et ceux en phase de développement par le fabricant ;
-   les élévateurs-enfourneurs de fours tunnels ;
-   les élévateurs intégrés au four ;
-   les élévateurs-enfourneurs entièrement automatisés.
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux élévateurs-enfourneurs fabriqués avant la date de publication de la présente Norme européenne par le CEN.

Stroji za predelavo hrane - Polnilniki večetažnih peči - Varnostne in higienske zahteve

Ta evropski standard določa načrtovanje in izdelavo polnilnikov večetažnih peči, ki so v uporabi v prehrambeni industriji, pekarnah, izdelavi peciv, itd. Ti stroji so uporabljeni za prenos kosov testa na posamezno etažo večetažnih peči in za odstranitev pečenih proizvodov iz posamezne etaže. Ta oprema je lahko: - ročna; - polavtomatska (nekateri pomiki gnani, nekateri pomiki potrebujejo ročno moč). Evropski standard zajema tehnične zahteve za varnost in higieno za načrtovanje, namestitev, nastavitev, delovanje, čiščenje in  vzdrževanje te opreme. Ta evropski standard obravnava velike nevarnosti, nevarne situacije in primere, ki se tičejo polnilnikov večetažnih peči, kadar se uporabljajo, kot predvideno, in pod pogoji napačne uporabe, ki jih razumno predvidi proizvajalec (glej Klavzulo 4). Hrup iz polnilnikov večetažnih peči ne šteje za veliko nevarnost. To ne pomeni, da je proizvajalec stroja oproščen zmanjševanja hrupa in priprave deklaracije o hrupu. Zato je preskusna koda hrupa podana v Dodatku A. Izvzeta je naslednja oprema: - preskusna oprema in oprema, ki jo razvija proizvajalec; - polnilniki za peči s transportnim jermenom; - polnilniki, vgrajeni v peči; - popolnoma samodejni polnilniki večetažnih peči.  Ta evropski standard ne velja za polnilnike večetažnih peči, ki so bili izdelane pred datumom, ko je CEN objavil ta evropski standard.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Dec-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Jun-2010
• ICS: 67.260 - Plants and equipment for the food industry
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 153 - Food processing machinery - Safety and hygiene specifications
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 153/WG 1 - Bakery equipment
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 02-Dec-2017
• Completion Date: 02-Dec-2017
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/079 - Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for standardization in the field of machines
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010 - Food processing machinery - Fixed deck oven loaders - Safety and hygiene requirements

Relations

• Merged From: EN 13591:2005 - Food processing machinery - Fixed deck oven loaders - Safety and hygiene requirements
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Overview

EN 13591:2005+A1:2009 is the CEN European standard that sets safety and hygiene requirements for fixed deck oven loaders used in the food industry (bakeries, pastry-making, etc.). It applies to machines used to place dough on each oven deck and remove baked products. The standard covers design, manufacture, installation, adjustment, operation, cleaning and maintenance of manual and semi‑automatic fixed deck oven loaders. Fully automated loaders, loaders integral to ovens, conveyor‑oven loaders and experimental prototypes are excluded. The standard also clarifies that noise is not treated as a primary hazard but includes a noise test code (Annex A) and hygiene design guidance (Annex B).

Key Topics

• Scope and classification of fixed deck oven loaders, including excluded equipment and date-of-manufacture applicability.
• Hazard identification: mechanical, electrical, hygiene-related, ergonomic, and risks from pneumatic/hydraulic systems.
• Safety measures for specific zones of movement (e.g., lifting parts, drive mechanisms, castors) and for preventing unexpected start-up.
• Electrical safety and protection requirements, including cleaning with water and control‑circuit protection.
• Hygiene requirements: design for cleanability, material and surface considerations, food/splash/non‑food areas - detailed in Annex B (principles of hygienic design).
• Verification and testing procedures, including noise measurement (Annex A) and information to be recorded/reported.
• Documentation: requirements for instruction handbooks, marking and user information to support safe installation and maintenance.

Applications and who uses it

EN 13591 is intended for:

• Manufacturers and OEMs of fixed deck oven loaders to ensure compliant machine design and documentation.
• Product designers and safety engineers implementing protective measures and ergonomic design.
• Quality, HACCP and maintenance teams in bakeries and food plants assessing machine cleanability and maintenance procedures.
• Procurement and compliance officers specifying equipment to meet European safety and hygiene directives.
• Testing and certification bodies verifying conformity, noise declaration and marking.

Practical benefits include reduced contamination risk, clearer machine safety zoning, defined verification steps, and harmonized expectations for installation and use.

Related Standards

EN 13591 references and aligns with broader machinery and food‑machinery standards, for example:

• EN 1672‑2:2005 (Food processing machinery - Hygiene requirements)
• EN ISO 12100 (Safety of machinery - General principles)
• EN 60204‑1 (Electrical equipment of machines)
• EN 1037, EN 574, EN 953, EN 982/983 (safety of machinery-related standards)
• Noise and surface texture standards: EN ISO 4871, EN ISO 11201, EN ISO 4287

Using EN 13591 helps ensure fixed deck oven loaders meet harmonized European expectations for safety, hygiene and usability in bakery and food-processing environments.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.]DKWHYHNahrungsmittelmaschinen - Ofenbeschickungseinrichtungen - Sicherheits- und HygieneanforderungenMachines pour les produits alimentaires - Elévateurs-enfourneurs - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygièneFood processing machinery - Fixed deck oven loaders - Safety and hygiene requirements67.260Tovarne in oprema za živilsko industrijoPlants and equipment for the food industryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13591:2005+A1:2009SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010en01-marec-2010SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13591:2005+A1
December 2009 ICS 67.260 Supersedes EN 13591:2005English Version
Food processing machinery - Fixed deck oven loaders - Safety and hygiene requirements
Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Elévateurs-enfourneurs - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiène
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Ofenbeschickungseinrichtungen - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 1 November 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13591:2005+A1:2009: ESIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010

Noise test code for fixed deck oven loaders (grade 2) . 25A.1 Terms and definitions . 25A.2 Installation and mounting conditions . 25A.3 Operating conditions . 25A.4 Emission sound pressure level determination . 25A.5 Measurement uncertainties . 26A.6 Information to be recorded . 26A.7 Information to be reported. 26A.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 26Annex B (normative)
Principles of design to ensure the cleanability
of fixed deck oven loaders . 27B.1 Definitions . 27B.2 Materials of construction . 27B.2.1 Type of materials . 27B.2.2 Surface conditions . 27B.3 Design . 29B.3.1 Connections of internal surfaces . 29B.3.2 Connections of internal surfaces . 29B.3.3 Surface assemblies and overlaps . 32B.3.4 Fasteners . 36B.3.5 Feet, support and bases for cleaning the machines underneath . 37B.3.6 Ventilation openings . 40B.3.7 Hinges . 41Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 44Annex ZB (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"""" . 45Bibliography . 46
Key 1 Framework mounted on castors 2 Lifting device 3 Balancing system for the mobile parts in elevation (e.g.: springs, counterweights.) 4 Supporting platform 5 Loading device (frame and movable belt) 6 Transmission elements for carrying out various movements 7 Control devices for operating the 3 functions, (whether they be manually-controlled, semi-automatic or automatic) 8 Dough pieces to be loaded in the oven Figure 1 — General principle of a fixed deck oven loader 3.3 Classification The different fixed deck oven loaders may be divided into 5 types, according to the three functions which they have in common (namely: loading in oven, lifting and shifting) and to whether these three phases are carried out manually or mechanically operated (see Table 1): Table 1 Types Functions Loading in the oven Lifting Shifting Type 1 Manual Manual Manual Type 2 Power operated Manual Manual Type 3 Power operated Power operated Manual Type 4 Manual Power operated Manual Type 5a Power operated Power operated Power operated a Type 5 is excluded from the scope of this document.
a) Danger zones – Scissors system
b) Danger zones – Mast system Figure 2 — Danger zones for scissors and mast systems 4.3 Electrical hazards Hazard of electric shock from direct or indirect contact with live components. Hazard from external influences on electrical equipment (e.g. cleaning with water, dust). During the movements of the equipment, there is a risk due to the damaging of the supply cable (e.g. short circuit). 4.4 Hazard generated by neglecting hygienic design principles The neglect of hygienic principles can create unacceptable modification of foodstuff and therefore a risk to human health, i.e. through physical, chemical or microbial pollution. SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010

Where the means of reducing the risk is by the physical arrangement or positioning of the installed machine, the manufacturer shall include in the information for use a reference to the reduction means to be provided, and to any limiting value of the requirement, and, if appropriate, to the means of verification.
Where the means of reducing the risk is by a safe system of working the machinery, the manufacturer shall include in the information for use details of the system and of the elements of training required by the operating personnel. 5.2 Mechanical hazards 5.2.1 General !The safety related parts of the control systems shall present at least a performance level c defined in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008. Unless otherwise specified, interlocking guards shall be at least interlocking without guard locking as defined in EN 1088:1995, 4.2.1 and they shall comply with EN 1088:1995, Clauses 5 and 6. When fixed guards, or parts of the machine acting as such, are not permanently fixed e. g. by welding, their fixing systems shall remain attached to the guards or to the machinery when the guards are removed." 5.2.2 Zone 1: Range of movement of oven loader and its belt, in relation to its support 5.2.2.1 Type 1 and 4 fixed deck oven loaders: Manual loading in the oven The gap between the oven loader (L2 in Figure 3) handle and any fixed part of the frame shall be greater than or equal to 40 mm. SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010

L1 ≥ 150 mm L2 ≥ 40 mm D ≥ 50 mm Figure 3 — Oven loader handle 5.2.2.2 Type 2 and 3 oven deck loaders: Mechanically operated loading in the oven The oven loading control shall require the use of both hands. This can be achieved by using a two hand control device in accordance with type II of EN 574. It shall not be possible to actuate both push-buttons with one hand. This could be achieved by ensuring that a distance greater than or equal to 260 mm separates the two push-buttons (e.g. see 8.2 or equivalent solutions according to Annex A of EN 574:1996). Figure 4a illustrates this solution. Access to the in-running nip of the loading device shall be prevented, e.g. by a guard such as the one marked (c) in Figure 4b. SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010

a) Safeguarding by distance b)Guard of the in-running nip Key a Input or output devices b Roller c Guard of the in-running nip d ≥ 260 mm
Figure 4 5.2.3 Zone 2: Range of movement of the movable part when lifting 5.2.3.1 Type 1 and 2 fixed deck oven loaders: Manually controlled lifting The operator's distance from the danger zone shall be maintained by a control device which requires the use of both hands e.g. one hand to unlock the oven loader from a level and the other one to initiate and follow through the vertical movement.
Key 1 Unlocking lever 2 Operating lever Figure 5 — Example of control device requiring the use of both hands SIST EN 13591:2006+A1:2010
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