EN 14390:2007
(Main)Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface products
Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface products
This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of building products. A fire is simulated which under well-ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single open doorway.
The method is intended to evaluate the contribution of a surface product to fire growth in a room configuration, using a specified ignition source. It constitutes a reference test for this type of product within the European classification system for reaction to fire performance of construction products.
The method is particularly suitable for construction products which cannot be tested in their end use application in a small or intermediate laboratory scale. The method can also be used to assess the effect of an insulating substrate on the product performance.
A test performed in accordance with the method specified in this European Standard provides data for the early stages of a fire from ignition up to flashover.
The method is not intended to evaluate floor coverings. It may not be suitable for some free-standing products because their integrity, when exposed to fire, could have a decisive influence on their behaviour.
NOTE The term “surface product” as used in the title and scope of this European Standard specifically relates to internal surface linings, assemblies, pipes and pipe insulation products used in buildings.
Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch im Realmaßstab an Oberflächenprodukten in einem Raum
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren fest, um das Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten zu beurteilen. Es wird eine Situation simuliert, bei der sich in einem gut belüfteten kleinen Raum mit einer Durchgangs¬öffnung in einer Ecke ein Feuer entwickelt.
Die Aufgabe dieses Prüfverfahrens besteht darin, den Beitrag zur Brandentwicklung eines Oberflächen¬pro¬duktes in einer Raumkonstellation bei Einwirkung einer festgelegten Zündquelle zu beurteilen. Das Verfahren bildet eine Referenzprüfung für diese Produktart innerhalb des europäischen Klassifizierungssystems für das Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten.
Dieses Prüfverfahren ist besonders für Bauprodukte geeignet, die nicht in ihrer praktischen Anwendung in einem klein- oder mittelskaligen Versuch geprüft werden können. Mit dem Prüfverfahren kann außerdem der Einfluss einer wärmedämmenden Hinterlegung auf das Brandverhalten eines Bauproduktes beurteilt werden.
Das Prüfverfahren dieser Europäischen Norm gibt Messwerte vom Beginn eines Brandes durch eine Zünd¬quelle bis hin zum Feuerübersprung.
Das Prüfverfahren dient nicht der Beurteilung von Bodenbelägen. Es kann für einige freistehende Produkte ungeeignet sein, da deren Zusammenhalt im Brandfall einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf ihr Verhalten haben könnte.
ANMERKUNG Der im Titel sowie im Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäische Norm benutzte Begriff Ober¬flächenprodukt bezieht sich auf in Gebäuden benutzte Innenbekleidungen, zusammengefügte Bauteile, Rohre und Rohrdämmstoffe.
Essais au feu - Essai de référence dans une pièce à grande échelle pour les produits de surface
La présente Norme européenne prescrit une méthode d’essai permettant d’évaluer la réaction au feu de matériaux de construction. Un feu qui, dans de bonnes conditions de ventilation, se déclare dans le coin d’une petite pièce avec une seule porte ouverte, est simulé.
La méthode est censée évaluer la contribution à l’extension du feu d’un produit de surface, dans le cas de l’utilisation d’une source d’allumage spécifiée. Elle représente un essai de référence pour ce type de produits au sein du système de classification européen pour la réaction au feu des produits de construction.
La méthode est particulièrement appropriée pour les produits de construction qui ne peuvent pas être essayés dans des conditions de mise en oeuvre finale lors d’un essai de laboratoire à petite échelle où à échelle intermédiaire. La méthode permet également d’évaluer l’effet d’un substrat isolant sur la performance d’un produit.
Un essai effectué selon la méthode spécifiée dans la présente Norme européenne fournit des données pour les premiers stades d’un feu allant de l’allumage à l’embrasement total.
La méthode n’est pas censée évaluer les revêtements de sols. La méthode peut ne pas être adaptée à certains produits auto-porteurs étant donné que leur intégrité, lorsqu’ils sont exposés au feu, peut avoir une influence décisive sur leur comportement.
NOTE Le terme « produit de surface », tel qu’utilisé dans le titre et l’avant-propos de la présente Norme européenne, fait particulièrement référence aux revêtements de surface internes, assemblages, tuyaux et produits d’isolation de tuyaux utilisés dans les bâtiments.
Požarni preskus - Referenčni preskus v naravnem merilu za obložne materiale
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface productsEssais au feu - Essai de référence dans une piece a grande échelle pour les produits de surfaceBrandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch im Realmaßstab an Oberflächenprodukten in einem RaumTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14390:2007SIST EN 14390:2007en;fr;de13.220.50Požarna odpornost gradbenih materialov in elementovFire-resistance of building materials and elementsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14390:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14390January 2007ICS 13.220.50 English VersionFire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface productsEssais au feu - Essai dans une pièce en vraie grandeurpour les produits de surfaceBrandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch imRealmaßstab an Oberflächenprodukten in einem RaumThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14390:2007: E
Ignition source.19 Annex B (informative)
Design of exhaust system.20 B.1 General.20 B.2 Hood.20 B.3 Duct.20 B.4 Capacity.20 B.5 Alternative systems.20 Annex C (informative)
Instrumentation in exhaust duct.23 C.1 Volume flow.23 C.1.1 Bi-directional probe.23 C.1.2 Pressure transducer.23 C.1.3 Thermocouple.23 C.2 Sampling line.23 C.2.1 Sampling probe.23 C.2.2 Sampling line.23 C.2.3 Pump.24 C.2.4 Sampling line end.24 C.2.5 Specifications.24 C.3 Combustion gas analysis.24 C.3.1 General.24 C.3.2 Oxygen concentration.24 C.3.3 Carbon dioxide concentration.24 C.4 Optical density.25 C.4.1 General.25 C.4.2 Calibration.25 Annex D (normative)
Calculation.30 D.1 Volume flow.30 D.2 Generated heat effect, calibration and tests process.31 D.2.1 Heat release rate from the ignition source.31 D.2.2 Heat release rate from the product.31 D.2.3 Calculation of total heat release.32 D.2.4 Limitations.33 D.3 Combustion gases.33 D.4 Light obscuration.34 D.4.1 General.34 D.4.2 Calculation of SPRsmooth.35 D.4.3 Calculation of TSP.35
Calculation examples.38 E.1 General.38 E.2 Example number 1.38 E.3 Example number 2.38 Bibliography.43
3.3 product material, composite or assembly about which information is required 3.4 test specimen representative piece of the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment NOTE The test specimen may include an air gap. 3.5 surface product any part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on the interior walls and/or the ceiling 3.6 flashover point in the fire history when the sum of the rate of heat release from the ignition source and the product reaches 1 000 kW 3.7 FIGRARC FIre Growth RAte growth rate of the fire during a specified time period 3.8 SMOGRARC SMOke Growth RAte growth rate of the production of smoke during a specified time period 3.9 burning droplets continuous occurrence of flaming droplets/particles from the test specimen for at least 10 s or a pool fire formed on the floor 4 Principle The hazard of fire growth is evaluated in a fire test room by the measurement of the rate of heat release of the fire based on calculation of oxygen consumption. See also Annex B. The hazard of reduced visibility is estimated by the measurement of the production of light-obscuring smoke. Phenomena attributed to the fire growth, for example flame spread and emission of burning droplets, are visually documented by photographic and/or video recording. NOTE If further information is required, measurements for example of heat flux to the floor, toxic gas species, the gas temperature in the room and the mass flow in and out the doorway may be performed, see also ISO/TR 9705-2:2001 (Bibliography [2]). 5 Fire test room 5.1 Dimensions The room (see Figure 1) shall consist of four walls at right angles, a floor and a ceiling and shall have the following inner dimensions:
Key 1 front view 2 top view Figure 1 — Fire test room
The room shall be placed indoors in an essentially draught free, heated space, large enough to ensure that there is no influence on the test fire. In order to facilitate the mounting of the instruments and of the ignition source, the test room may be placed so that the floor can be accessed from beneath. 5.2 Doorway There shall be a doorway in the centre of one of the 2,4 m × 2,4 m walls and no other wall, floor or ceiling shall have any openings that allow ventilation. The doorway shall have the following dimensions: a) width: 0,8 m ± 0,02 m; b) height: 2,0 m ± 0,02 m. The distance between the top of the doorway and the ceiling shall be (0,4 ± 0,02) m.
6.4 Heat output The net heat output shall be 100 kW during the first 10 min after ignition and then shall be increased to 300 kW for a further 10 min. The heat output from the burner shall be controlled within ± 5 % of the prescribed value. 7 Hood and exhaust duct The system for collecting the combustion products shall have sufficient capacity and be designed in such a way that all of the combustion products leaving the fire room through the doorway during a test are collected. The system shall not disturb the fire-induced flow in the doorway. The maximum exhaust capacity shall be at least 3,5 m3/s at normal pressure and a temperature of 25 °C. Exhaust systems based on natural convection shall not be used. NOTE An example of one design of hood and an exhaust duct is given in Annex B.
8.4.4 Aperture The aperture shall be placed at the focus of the lens L2 as shown in Figure 2 and it shall have a diameter, d, chosen with regard to the focal length, f, of L2 so that d/f is less than 0,04. Other equivalent solutions to avoid light scattering are allowed. 8.4.5 Detector The detector shall have a spectrally distributed response agreeing with the CIE1), V(λ)-function (the CIE photopic curves) to an accuracy of at least ± 5 %. The detector output shall over an output range of at least 2 decades be linear within 5 % of measured transmission value or 1 % absolute transmission. 8.4.6 Location The light beam shall cross the exhaust duct along its diameter at a position where the smoke is homogenous.
1) Commission internationale d’éclairage.
9.2.2 Delay times The delay time of the oxygen analyser shall be calculated as the time difference between a 3 K change in the duct temperature and a 0,05 % change in the oxygen concentration. The delay time of the carbon dioxide analyser is found as the time difference between a 3 K change in the duct temperature and a 0,02 % change in the carbon dioxide concentration. Neither delay time shall exceed 30 s. The data shall be corrected on the basis of these delay times before calculating the heat release rate. 9.2.3 Response times The response times shall be calculated as the time between a 10 % and 90 % change in the measured oxygen or carbon dioxide level. The response times shall not exceed 12 s.
NOTE The fire from the pool will release about 140 kW. A sample of methanol may be collected from the same stock and stored in a separate container. In case any doubt should arise about the purity of the liquid it can be chemically analysed at a later stage. 9.4.4 Procedure 9.4.4.1 General The calibration procedure is described in the following subclauses. 9.4.4.2 Initial conditions The fuel container shall be placed on a weighing platform consisting of a slab placed on top of a weight measuring device. The slab shall have the dimensions (1,2 ± 0,05) m x (2,4 ± 0,05) m and be of calcium silicate boards according to EN 13238. The container shall not be insulated from below. The weight measuring device, e.g. load cells, shall measure the test specimen mass with an accuracy of at least ± 150 g up to at least 90 kg of test specimen mass. It shall be installed in such a way that the heat from the burning sample and any eccentricity of the load does not affect the accuracy. Care shall be taken to avoid range shifts during measurements. All parts of the weight-measuring device, e.g. load cells, shall be below the top level of the slab. The distance from the upper surface of the slab to floor level shall not exceed 0,5 m. The area between the slab and the floor level shall be shielded in order to avoid lifting forces due to fire induced air flow that could influence the measurement. The container shall be centred under the hood and be horizontal. The temperature of the fuel, the container and the temperature measured by the ambient thermocouple shall be (20 ± 5) °C. The fuel container shall be allowed to cool to within 5°C of ambient temperature between tests. The amount of fuel dispensed into the container shall be weighed with an accuracy of ± 100 g. The horizontal wind draught measured at a distance of 0,5 m from the boundary of the weighing platform level with the slab shall not exceed 0,5 m/s.
Ignition source The burner shall be as shown in Figure A.1 having a top surface layer of sand. The burner shall be filled with gravel of size 4 mm to 8 mm and sand of size 2 mm to 3 mm. The two layers shall be stabilized with two metal gauzes: the upper shall be of mesh size 1,4 mm and the lower of mesh size 2,8 mm. The upper layer of sand shall be level with the upper edge of the burner. Dimensions are nominal. Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 sand
4 brass wire gauze 2 brass wire gauze
5 floor of test room 3 gravel
6 gas inlet X top view
Y side view Figure A.1 — Standard ignition source
Design of exhaust system B.1 General During the fire growth process, the mass flow
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