prEN ISO 10360-11
(Main)Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) - Part 11: Computed tomography
Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) - Part 11: Computed tomography
The intention is to achieve comparability with the characteristics of coordinate measuring devices with tactile and with optical sensors. The characteristics described in this part serve for the specification of coordinate measuring devices with CT sensors and for a comparison between various measurement systems.
Geometrische Produktspezifikation und -prüfung (GPS) - Annahmeprüfung und Bestätigungsprüfung für Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 11: Computertomografie (ISO/CD 10360-11:2012)
Der Zweck dieses Dokuments ist es, messtechnische Merkmale und Verfahren für die Prüfung von KMS festzulegen, die als Einzelsensoren nach dem CT-Prinzip (basierend auf dem Röntgenstrahlen-Schwächungs-kontrast) arbeiten und für dimensionelle Messungen an technischen Werkstücken vorgesehen sind. Die medizinische Bildgebung, medizinische dimensionelle Messungen und native, zerstörungsfreie (Material-)Prüfanwendungen der CT (z. B. Fehleranalysen) sind somit ausgeschlossen. Die mit diesem Dokument verbundene Absicht ist — soweit möglich — für Vergleichbarkeit mit den messtechnischen Merkmalen von KMS zu sorgen, die Tastnadeln und/oder optische Sensoren verwenden.
KMS, die mit anderen Sensoren als CT arbeiten, sind von diesem Dokument abgedeckt, sofern diese Sensoren nur für den Aufbau der Messeinrichtung und die Vorbereitung der Messungen, bei denen CT zum Einsatz kommt, verwendet werden.
ANMERKUNG KMS, die in Verbindung mit der CT weitere Sensoren zur Durchführung von Messungen nutzen, können nach ISO 10360-9 spezifiziert und geprüft werden.
Dieses Dokument deckt KMS ab, die CT als Messtechnik einsetzt und die verschiedene Hardware-Konfigurationen (Anhang A) und unterschiedliche Abtastmodi (Anhang B) anwenden. Dieses Dokument legt messtechnische Merkmale und Verfahren zur Prüfung von speziell für nicht gradientenbehaftete, homogene Monomaterialien vorgesehenen höchstzulässigen Abweichungen (en: maximum permissible errors, MPEs) fest, d. h. für Messungen anhand von Bezugsnormalen, die aus nur einem (maßgebenden) Material bestehen, das in Bezug auf die Schwächung von Röntgenstrahlen keinen maßgebenden lateralen oder räumlichen Gradienten aufweist.
Dieses Dokument legt keine messtechnischen Merkmale oder damit verbundenen Prüfverfahren fest, die für die Messung des Einflusses der Oberflächenrauheit auf CT-basierte KMS-Messungen oder umgekehrt (Messung der Rauheit mit CT-basierten KMS) vorgesehen sind.
Für die Messung der Grenzen von lateralen Strukturen unterhalb einer bestimmten Auflösungsgrenze werden in Anhang E zwei vom Hersteller als optionale messtechnische Merkmale bereitgestellte Arten von Auflösungsangaben genannt.
Dieses Dokument legt die folgenden bei der Anwendung von CT notwendigen Aspekte fest:
- Bezugsnormale, die als Alternative zu Parallelendmaßen verwendet werden können (Anhang C);
- Festlegung der messtechnischen Merkmale für verschiedene Betriebsbedingungen;
- Hinweise zum Einfluss von z. B. Umgebungsbedingungen, mathematischen Datenfiltern und der Beschaffenheit der Oberfläche der Maßverkörperung auf die Messung.
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais de réception et de vérification périodique des machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles (MMT) - Partie 11: Tomographie informatisée
Specifikacija geometrijskih veličin izdelka (GPS) - Preskusi za sprejemljivost in ponovno overjanje koordinatnih merilnih strojev (KMS) - 11. del: KMS, ki uporabljajo princip rentgenske računalniške tomografije (CT) (ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
01-junij-2021
Specifikacija geometrijskih veličin izdelka (GPS) - Preskusi za sprejemljivost in
ponovno overjanje koordinatnih merilnih strojev (KMS) - 11. del: KMS, ki
uporabljajo princip rentgenske računalniške tomografije (CT) (ISO/DIS 10360-
11:2021)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for
coordinate measuring systems (CMS) - Part 11: CMSs using the principle of X-ray
computed tomography (CT) (ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021)
Geometrische Produktspezifikation und -prüfung (GPS) - Annahmeprüfung und
Bestätigungsprüfung für Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) - Teil 11: Computertomografie
(ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Essais de réception et de vérification
périodique des machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles (MMTs) - Partie 11: MMTs
utilisant le principe de la tomographie informatisée (CT) (ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 10360-11
ICS:
17.040.30 Merila Measuring instruments
17.040.40 Specifikacija geometrijskih Geometrical Product
veličin izdelka (GPS) Specification (GPS)
oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 10360-11
ISO/TC 213 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-03-30 2021-06-22
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance
and reverification tests for coordinate measuring
systems (CMS) —
Part 11:
CMSs using the principle of X-ray computed tomography
(CT)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Essais de réception et de vérification périodique des
machines à mesurer tridimensionnelles (MMTs) —
Partie 11: MMTs utilisant le principe de la tomographie informatisée (CT)
ICS: 17.040.30; 17.040.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 Requirements for metrological characteristics . 7
5.1 Specification requirements . 7
5.2 Environmental conditions . 9
5.3 Operating conditions . 9
5.4 Workpiece loading effects .10
5.5 Measurement time .10
5.6 Criteria for material choice and material properties of reference standards and
obstructive bodies .11
5.6.1 Material class concept .11
5.6.2 Requirements for material classes .12
5.6.3 Homogeneity of materials and consequences for testing.13
5.6.4 Thermal expansion of reference standards .14
5.7 Criteria for roughness and form errors of reference standards .15
5.8 Metrological characteristics assessed with explicit use of pre-knowledge .16
6 Acceptance and reverification tests .18
6.1 General testing principles .18
6.1.1 Overview .18
6.1.2 Common testing criteria .21
6.2 Probing errors .23
6.2.1 Principle .23
6.2.2 Measuring equipment .24
6.2.3 Procedure .25
6.2.4 Derivation of test results .26
6.3 Volumetric length measurement error .26
6.3.1 Principle .26
6.3.2 Measuring equipment .27
6.3.3 Procedure .28
6.3.4 Derivation of test results .30
7 C onformity with the specifications .31
7.1 Acceptance tests .31
7.2 Reverification tests .31
7.3 Interim checks .31
7.3.1 Reference standards .32
7.3.2 Procedure .32
7.3.3 Analysis and conformity with specifications .32
8 Application .32
8.1 Acceptance test .32
8.2 Reverification test .32
8.3 Interim check .32
9 Indication in product documentation and data sheets .32
Annex A (informative) Hardware configurations of CT-based CMSs .34
Annex B (informative) Description of CT scanning modes and guidance for testing .35
Annex C (informative) Reference standards for length error measurements .39
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Annex D (informative) Optional metrological characteristics .43
Annex E (informative) Resolution statements for dimensional measurements .53
Annex F (normative) Procedure and mathematical adjustments for metrological
characteristics assessed with non-normal CTE material reference standards .55
Annex G (normative) Guideline for evaluation of the test value uncertainty .58
Annex H (informative) Template for acceptance test or reverification test reporting .65
Annex I (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model .69
Bibliography .70
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see https:// www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10360 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
Introduction
This document is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general
GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences link 5 of the chains of standards on size, distance,
radius, angle, form, orientation, location, run-out and datums.
For more detailed information of the relation of this document to other standards and the GPS matrix
model see Annex I.
In close reliance on ISO 10360-2 and ISO 10360-5 for coordinate measuring systems (CMSs) equipped
with contact probing systems as well as ISO 10360-8 for CMSs with optical distance sensors, this
document specifies the acceptance and reverification tests for verifying the performance of CMSs
that use the principle of X-ray computed tomography (CT). Where technically possible, the testing
methodology of these parts of ISO 10360 is intended to be similar.
The metrological characteristics described in this document serve both for the specification of CMSs
that use the principle of CT and for comparison between various coordinate measurement systems.
This document is intentionally dedicated to CMSs that use CT where measurements are predominantly
based on the attenuation contrast visible when penetrating physical matter. This document may also be
applied to CMSs which use other tomographic measurement principles based on a mutual agreement.
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance
and reverification tests for coordinate measuring
systems (CMS) —
Part 11:
CMSs using the principle of X-ray computed tomography
(CT)
1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to define metrological characteristics and methods for testing CMSs
that use the principle of CT (based on X-ray attenuation contrast) as a single sensor and which are
dedicated to dimensional measurements of technical workpieces. This excludes medical imaging,
medical dimensional measurements and native non-destructive (material) testing applications of CT
(e.g. defect analyses). The intention of this document is to achieve – where possible – comparability
with the metrological characteristics of CMSs employing tactile probes and/or optical sensors.
CMSs which use sensors other than CT are covered by this document if such sensors are used for setting
up and preparing measurements for which CT is used, only.
NOTE CMSs which use other sensors together with CT to perform measurements can be specified and tested
using ISO 10360-9.
This document covers CMSs which use CT as a measurement technology and which employ various
hardware configurations (Annex A) and different scanning modes (Annex B). This document defines
metrological characteristics and methods for testing maximum permissible errors (MPEs) that are
intended specifically for non-gradient, homogeneous mono-materials, i.e. measurements of reference
standards that consist of only one (relevant) material that has no relevant lateral or spatial gradient in
the attenuation of X-rays.
This document does not define metrological characteristics or related testing methods that are
dedicated to measuring the influence of surface roughness on CT-based CMS measurements or vice-
versa (measuring roughness with CT-based CMSs).
For measuring limits of lateral structures below a certain resolution limit, Annex E mentions two types
of resolution statements which the manufacturer provided as optional metrological characteristics.
This document establishes the following aspects necessary when using CT:
— Reference standards usable as alternatives to gauge blocks (Annex C)
— Definition of metrological characteristics for various operating conditions
— Notes on the impact on the measurement of, for example, environmental conditions, mathematical
data filters and the nature of the measurement standard’s surface
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes the requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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oSIST prEN ISO 10360-11:2021
ISO/DIS 10360-11:2021(E)
ISO 1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Standard reference temperature for the specification of
geometrical and dimensional properties
ISO 3650, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Length standards — Gauge blocks
ISO 10360-1, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate
measuring machines (CMM) — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 10360-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate
measuring machines (CMM) — Part 2: CMMs used for measuring linear dimensions
ISO 10360-5, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate
measuring systems (CMS) — Part 5: Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) using single and multiple
stylus contacting probing systems using discrete point and/or scanning measuring mode
ISO 10360-8, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate
measuring systems (CMS) — Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors
ISO 10360-9, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate
measuring systems (CMS) — Part 9: CMMs with multiple probing systems
ISO 14253-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces and
measuring equipment — Part 1: Decision rules for verifying conformity or nonconformity with specifications
ISO 14253-5, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces and
measuring equipment — Part 5: Uncertainty in verification testing of indicating measuring instruments
ISO/TS 17865, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Guidelines for the evaluation of coordinate
measuring machine (CMM) test uncertainty for CMMs using single and multiple stylus contacting
probing systems
ISO/TS 23165, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Guidelines for the evaluation of coordinate
measuring machine (CMM) test uncertainty
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated
terms (VIM)
ISO/TR XXXXX, Resolution statements for dimensional measurements of CMSs using the principle of X-ray
computed tomography (CT) (see Annex E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in VIM and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
This document describes physical material measures used for the measurement of the metrological
characteristics. In this document, the physical material measures are denoted as “reference
measurement standards” or “reference standards” for short (see VIM). This document uses – in
contrast to other standards and guidelines – the expression “artefact” only for imaging errors of the
CMSs, as this meaning and expression is common in the field of CT. For probing error assessment, a
calibrated sphere is used; this reference standard will be denoted as the “test sphere”. For assessing
length measurement errors, various types, different reference standards may be used (Annex C). When
referring to a single length assessed with a standard, the expression “test length” is used. For the
readability of this document, the term “Gaussian” refers to an unweighted least-squares fit without any
constraint (position or diameter, if applicable).
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3.1
material class
j
Designation of material class j. The metrological characteristic associated with material class j shall be
measured with a reference standard and an obstructive body – if applicable – both made from a material
within the respective material class definition, j (j = Pl for class “plastic”, j = Al for class “aluminium”, j =
Fe for class “steel”; see 5.6)
Note 1 to entry: An obstructive body is an uncalibrated, separate piece of material placed next to a reference
standard to adjust the penetration length (see Table 2) of the material seen by X-rays in individual projections of
a CT scan. 5.6 describes criteria for the material of the obstructive body and, if required, the mounting material
(5.6.3).
Note 2 to entry: Occasionally, the acquisition of a complete set of X-ray projections of a single CT measurement is
called a CT scan.
Note 3 to entry: j = Fe is deduced from chemical symbol Fe for iron, the major component of steel.
3.2
probing form dispersion error
P
Form.Sph.D95%.j::CT
smallest possible width of a spherical shell which contains 95 % of all data points measured on a test
sphere of material class j (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The “D” inside ‘D95%’ indicated that the characteristic feature of this metrological characteristic
is the “dispersion” of the population, while the “95%” inside ‘D95%’ refers to the coverage of 95 % of all points.
3.3
probing form error All
P
Form.Sph.All.j::CT
smallest possible width of a spherical shell which contains all data points measured on a test sphere of
material class j (3.1)
3.4
probing size error All
P
Size.Sph.All.j::CT
error of indication of the (signed) difference between the diameter of a least-squares fit of all points
measured on a test sphere of material class j (3.1)and its calibrated diameter
3.5
volumetric length measurement error
E
Vol.j::CT
error of indication when measuring a calibrated test length where the error is deduced from the
distance between two points each determined from multiple measurement points of two respective
geometrical elements on a reference standard of material class j (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The absolute value of the volumetric length measurement error is in nearly all cases smaller than
the bidirectional length measurement error.
3.6
maximum permissible probing form dispersion error
P
Form.Sph.D95%.j::CT,MPE
MPE of P
Form.Sph.D95%.j::CT
3.7
maximum permissible probing form error All
P
Form.Sph.All.j::CT,MPE
MPE of P
Form.Sph.All.j::CT
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3.8
maximum permissible probing size error All
P
Size.Sph.All.j::CT,MPE
MPE of P
Size.Sph.All.j::CT
3.9
maximum permissible volumetric length measurement error
E
Vol.j::CT,MPE
MPE of E
Vol.j::CT
3.10
pre-knowledge
prior knowledge according to 5.8 of the reference standard and/or the obstructive body being measured
in acceptance testing that is not directly acquired by the CMS under test but could affect the points
measured of the reference standard
Note 1 to entry: Examples of pre-knowledge include nominal chemical composition and CAD-related information
such as nominal geometry, nominal surface normal vectors, material information and nominal dimensions.
Note 2 to entry: Metrological characteristics and respective MPE values which are assessed or specified with the
use of pre-knowledge receive a test qualifier, ‘PreK’ or ‘CAD’, after the first colon.
Note 3 to entry: In case that there are other test qualifiers to be inserted, the test qualifiers ‘PreK’ or ‘CAD’ shall
be the first after the colon.
Note 4 to entry: The ‘CAD’ test qualifier indicates pre-knowledge restricted to only CAD-related information –
without any specific material designation or chemical composition knowledge. The qualifier PreK allows CAD-
related information and more, making CAD-related information a subset of PreK information.
Note 5 to entry: Examples of metrological characteristics where the explicit use of pre-knowledge is indicated by
a ‘PreK’ test qualifier are P and E , with respective MPE values P
Form.Sph.D95%.j:PreK:CT Bi.j:PreK:CT Form.Sph.D95%.j:PreK:
and E . The use of a ‘CAD’ qualifier is similar.
C T , M P E Bi.j:PreK: CT ,MPE
Note 6 to entry: The auxiliary quantity E may contain also a ‘PreK’ (or similarly ‘CAD’) test qualifier.
Bi.shrt.j:PreK:CT
However, there is no attributed MPE value for this quantity.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of the main part of this document, the symbols in Table 1 and Table 2 apply.
NOTE Table D.1 contains symbols of optional metrological characteristics and auxiliary quantities used in
the Annexes of this document.
Table 1 — Symbols of mandatory metrological characteristics
References in
Symbol Name
this document
P probing form dispersion error 3.2, 3.6, 5.1, 6.2,
Form.Sph.D95%.j::CT
7.1, 7.2, 7.3.3, 9,
Annex D.3.4.4.3,
Annex H
P probing form error All 3.3, 3.7, 5.1,
Form.Sph.All.j::CT
6.2.1, 6.2.3.1,
6.2.3.3, 7.1, 7.2,
7.3.3, Annex
D.3.3.3, Annex H
P probing size error All 3.4, 3.8, 5.1, 6.2,
Size.Sph.All.j::CT
7.1, 7.2, 7.3.3,
Annex D.3.4.4.3,
Annex H
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Table 1 (continued)
References in
Sy
...
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