EN 13001-3-2:2014
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001 1 and EN 13001 2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wire ropes of cranes by design and theoretical verification.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 5 to 6 of this standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazard:
− exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue).
This European Standard is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex C).
EN 13001 3 2 deals only with the limit state method in accordance with EN 13001 1.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-2: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Drahtseilen in Seiltrieben
Diese Europäische Norm ist zusammen mit EN 13001-1 und EN 13001-2 anzuwenden und spezifiziert allgemeine Bedingungen, Anforderungen und Methoden zur Vermeidung von mechanischen Gefährdungen bei Drahtseilen von Kranen durch die Konstruktion und theoretische Überprüfung.
ANMERKUNG 1 Besondere Anforderungen für spezielle Krantypen sind in der zugehörigen Europäischen Norm für den speziellen Krantyp angegeben.
Im Folgenden ist eine Liste der signifikanten Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse angegeben, die zu gefährlichen Situationen für Personen während des bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauchs und vorher¬sehbaren Missbrauchs (des Krans) führen können. Abschnitte 5 und 6 dieser Norm sind erforderlich, um die Risiken in Verbindung mit den folgenden Gefährdungen zu reduzieren oder zu eliminieren:
Überschreiten der Festigkeitsgrenzen (Betriebsfestigkeit).
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Genehmigung dieser Technischen Spezi¬fikation durch CEN hergestellt werden, und dient als Referenzgrundlage für die Technischen Spezifikationen für spezielle Krantypen.
ANMERKUNG 2 EN 13001-3-2 berücksichtigt nur die Methode der Grenzzustände nach EN 13001-1.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-2 : Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des câbles en acier mouflés
La présente Norme européenne est à utiliser conjointement avec l’EN 13001-1 et l’EN 13001-2 pour spécifier les conditions, prescriptions et méthodes générales permettant, par la conception et la vérification théorique, d’éviter les risques mécaniques dus aux câbles en acier d’appareils de levage à charge suspendue.
NOTE Les prescriptions spécifiques relatives aux types particuliers d’appareils de levage à charge suspendue sont données dans la Norme européenne appropriée au type particulier d’appareil de levage à charge suspendue.
Ce qui suit est une liste de situations et d’événements dangereux significatifs susceptibles d'entraîner des risques pour les personnes lors d'une utilisation prévue ou d'une mauvaise utilisation prévisible. Les Articles 5 à 6 de la présente norme sont nécessaires pour réduire ou éliminer les risques associés au phénomène dangereux suivant :
- dépassement des limites de résistance (élasticité, rupture, fatigue) ;
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue construits après sa publication en norme EN, et sert de référence pour Normes européennes de types particuliers d’appareils de levage à charge suspendue (voir Annexe C).
L'EN 13001-3-2 traite uniquement de la méthode des états limites selon l’EN 13001-1.
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-2. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti jeklenih vrvi pri vrvnih pogonih
Standard EN 13001-3-2 je namenjen uporabi s standardoma EN 13001-1 in EN 13001-2. Ti standardi skupaj določajo splošne pogoje, zahteve in metode za preprečevanje mehanskih nevarnosti jeklenih vrvi za žerjave s preverjanjem konstrukcije in teoretičnih predpostavk. OPOMBA Posebne zahteve za posamezne vrste žerjavov so navedene v ustreznem evropskem standardu za posamezne vrste žerjavov. Spodaj je naveden seznam pomembnih nevarnih razmer in dogodkov, zaradi katerih bi lahko prišlo do ogroženosti oseb med nameravano uporabo in razumno predvideno nepravilno uporabo. Točki 5 in 6 v tem standardu sta potrebni za omejitev ali odpravo tveganj, povezanih z naslednjo nevarnostjo: - prekoračitev mej trdnosti (meja prožnosti, končna meja, meja utrujanja). Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za žerjave, ki so bili izdelani pred datumom objave te publikacije kot standard EN in se uporablja kot referenčna osnova evropskim standardom za posamezne vrste žerjavov (glejte dodatek C). Standard EN 13001-3-2 v skladu s standardom EN 13001-1 obravnava le metodo mejnega stanja.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 05-Aug-2014
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 147 - Cranes - Safety
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 147/WG 2 - Design - General
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 15-Jan-2021
- Completion Date
- 23-Sep-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 13-Aug-2014
- Effective Date
- 15-Feb-2017
Overview
EN 13001-3-2:2014 - "Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems" (CEN) specifies how to prevent mechanical hazards of crane wire ropes by design and theoretical verification. Intended to be used together with EN 13001‑1 (general principles) and EN 13001‑2 (load actions), this Part deals specifically with the limit state method for running and stationary ropes in reeving systems and addresses hazards from exceeding strength limits (yield, ultimate, fatigue). It is a harmonized standard supporting essential requirements of the EU Machinery Directive.
Key topics
- Scope and purpose
- Design and theoretical verification of wire ropes in reeving systems to avoid mechanical failures.
- Not applicable to cranes manufactured before the EN publication date; used as a reference base for specific crane-type standards (Annex C).
- Proof of static strength (Clause 5)
- Definition and calculation of design rope force for vertical and non‑vertical drives, including inertial and gravitational effects.
- Factors such as rope reeving efficiency, non‑parallel falls, and horizontal forces on the hoist load.
- Proof of fatigue strength (Clause 6)
- Methods to derive limit design rope force for fatigue, including rope force history, spectrum factors, and number of relevant bendings.
- Influence of drum and sheave diameters, tensile strength of wires, fleet angle, lubrication, groove geometry, rope type and multilayer drums.
- Stationary ropes (Clause 7)
- Separate verification rules for static and fatigue strength where ropes are not running.
- Rope components and documentation
- Guidance on rope terminations, discard criteria and required documentation for design life assessment and inspections.
- Symbols and parameters
- Standardized terms like FRd,s, FRd,f, Fequ, fs factors and lr (number of ropes used during design life).
Applications - who uses it and why
- Crane designers and structural engineers - for safe reeving system design and verification using the limit state approach.
- Manufacturers and component suppliers - to specify ropes, drums, sheaves, terminations and acceptance criteria.
- Inspection and maintenance professionals - to derive discard criteria and fatigue life estimates consistent with design assumptions.
- Safety managers and procurers - to select compliant crane systems and demonstrate conformity with the Machinery Directive.
Practical benefits include improved safety by controlling static and fatigue failure modes, clearer interfaces between purchaser, designer and manufacturer, and traceable design parameters for inspection and lifetime planning.
Related standards
- EN 13001-1 (General principles and requirements)
- EN 13001-2 (Load actions)
- EN 12385 series (Steel wire ropes – safety)
- EN 13411 series (Terminations for steel wire ropes)
- ISO 4309 (Wire ropes - care, inspection and discard)
Keywords: EN 13001-3-2:2014, cranes, wire ropes, reeving systems, limit states, proof of competence, design rope force, fatigue strength, static strength, crane safety.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13001-3-2:2014 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems". This standard covers: This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001 1 and EN 13001 2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wire ropes of cranes by design and theoretical verification. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 5 to 6 of this standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazard: − exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue). This European Standard is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex C). EN 13001 3 2 deals only with the limit state method in accordance with EN 13001 1.
This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001 1 and EN 13001 2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wire ropes of cranes by design and theoretical verification. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 5 to 6 of this standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazard: − exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue). This European Standard is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex C). EN 13001 3 2 deals only with the limit state method in accordance with EN 13001 1.
EN 13001-3-2:2014 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 21.220.20 - Cable or rope drives and their components; 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13001-3-2:2014 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to CEN/TS 13001-3-2:2008, EN 13001-3-2:2014/FprA1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 13001-3-2:2014 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 13001-3-2:2014 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-2. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti jeklenih vrvi pri vrvnih pogonihKrane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-2: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Drahtseilen in SeiltriebenAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-2: Etats limites et verification de la sécurité des câbles de systémes de mouflageCranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems53.020.20DvigalaCranes21.220.20Vrvni pogoni in njihovi deliCable or rope drives and their componentsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13001-3-2:2014SIST EN 13001-3-2:2014en,fr,de01-oktober-2014SIST EN 13001-3-2:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 13001-3-2:20081DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13001-3-2
August 2014 ICS 21.220.20; 53.020.20 Supersedes CEN/TS 13001-3-2:2008English Version
Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-2 : Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des câbles en acier mouflés
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-2: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Drahtseilen in Seiltrieben This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 June 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13001-3-2:2014 ESIST EN 13001-3-2:2014
Number of relevant bendings . 29 Annex B (informative)
Guidance for selection of design number of hoist ropes lr used during the design life of crane . 33 Annex C (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 34 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 35 Bibliography . 36
Table 1— Symbols and abbreviations Symbols, abbreviations Description a Acceleration C Total number of working cycles (see EN 13001–1) during design life of crane D Relevant diameter Ddrum Minimum pitch diameter of drum Dsheave Minimum pitch diameter of sheave Dcomp Minimum pitch diameter of compensating sheave d Rope diameter dbearing Diameter of bearing or shaft Fequ Equivalent force Fgd Part of Fequ induced by gravity, exclusive of mass of payload, amplified by γp Fgl Part of Fequ induced by gravity forces of mass of payload, amplified by γp Fo Part of Fequ induced by any other forces, amplified by γp FRd,s Limit design rope force for the proof of static strength FRd,f Limit design rope force for the proof of fatigue strength FSd,s Design rope force for the proof of static strength Fr Part of Fequ induced by resistances, amplified by γp FSd,f Design rope force for the proof of fatigue strength Ft Part of Fequ induced by rope tightening forces, amplified by γp Fu Minimum rope breaking force Fw Part of Fequ induced by wind forces, amplified by γp ff Factor of further influences ff1 Factor of diameter ratio influence ff2 Factor tensile strength of wire influence SIST EN 13001-3-2:2014
Figure 1 — Example for the acting parts of hoist mass 5.2.2 Inertial and gravitational effects 5.2.2.1 Dynamic factors For vertical hoisting the maximum inertial effects from either hoisting an unrestrained grounded load or from acceleration or deceleration shall be taken into account by the dynamic factor Ë, given in 5.2.2.2 to 5.2.2.4. 5.2.2.2 Hoisting an unrestrained grounded load 2φφ= (3) where SIST EN 13001-3-2:2014
Figure 2 — Example for a rope reeving 5.2.4 Non parallel falls When the rope falls are not parallel, the rope force is increased. The rope force increasing factor fS2 shall be determined for the most unfavourable position. For simplification fS2 may be calculated by S2max1cosf= (8) where max is the maximum angle between the falls and the direction of load (see Figure 3).
Figure 3 — Angle max 5.2.5 Horizontal forces on the hoist load The rope force increasing effect of the horizontal forces (e.g. by trolley or crane accelerations, wind) may be neglected in applications with free swinging loads. However in applications with several non-parallel ropes (rope pyramid, see Figure 4) the horizontal forces increase the rope force considerably. This effect shall be taken into account. For simplification the rope force increasing factor fS3 may be calculated by SIST EN 13001-3-2:2014
is the angle between direction of gravity and t
...
The standard EN 13001-3-2:2014 provides comprehensive guidelines centered around the limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems for cranes. Its scope establishes a foundational framework to ensure that wire ropes are designed and verified theoretically to minimize mechanical hazards. This is crucial for preventing accidents that can arise from exceeding strength limits, including yield, ultimate, and fatigue failures. One of the notable strengths of this standard is its integration with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2, allowing for a cohesive approach to crane safety and reliability. This interconnected framework ensures that any design and verification of wire ropes are in congruence with broader crane safety protocols, ensuring holistic safety management. Clauses 5 and 6 specifically address key hazardous situations, offering essential conditions to mitigate risks effectively. Moreover, EN 13001-3-2:2014 maintains relevance in its distinction, specifying that it applies solely to cranes manufactured post-publication, which allows for ongoing evolution in compliance with contemporary safety standards. This clearly delineated applicability secures its place as a reference base for other European standards associated with specific crane types, thereby reinforcing the importance of both tailored and general hazard mitigation strategies. In conclusion, the EN 13001-3-2:2014 standard is a vital document for enhancing the safety of crane operations by ensuring that specifications for wire ropes are robust, relevant, and systematically verified against potential mechanical failures. Its methodical approach and clear delineation of responsibilities and requirements make it indispensable for manufacturers and operators focused on maintaining high safety standards in the use of cranes.
표준 EN 13001-3-2:2014는 기계적 위험을 예방하기 위한 원칙과 요구사항을 구체적으로 정의하고 있으며, 특히 리프팅 시스템에서 와이어 로프의 한계 상태와 성능 검증을 다루고 있습니다. 이 표준은 EN 13001-1 및 EN 13001-2와 결합하여 사용되며, 크레인의 설계 및 이론적 검증을 통해 와이어 로프의 안전성을 보장하는 데 중점을 두고 있습니다. 상세히 살펴보면, 이 표준은 강도(항복, 궁극, 피로)를 초과하는 한계 상태와 관련된 위험을 최소화하기 위해 5조와 6조를 통해 필수적인 조건을 제공하고 있습니다. 따라서 이 문서는 와이어 로프의 안전성을 확보하는 데 있어 중요한 역할을 합니다. 다른 특정 유형의 크레인에 대한 요구사항은 해당 크레인 유형을 위한 적절한 유럽 표준에서 제시되고 있습니다. EN 13001-3-2에서 다루는 한계 상태 방법은 사용자에게 명확한 기준을 제공하며, 이는 크레인의 설계를 수행하는 엔지니어와 제조업체에게 실질적인 지침이 됩니다. 이 표준은 사전 출간된 크레인에는 적용되지 않으며, 오히려 해당 크레인 유형의 유럽 표준을 위한 참조 기반으로 기능합니다. 결론적으로 EN 13001-3-2:2014는 크레인의 설계 및 운영에서 안전성을 확보하는 데 필수적인 요소로, 와이어 로프의 안전한 사용을 위한 철저한 기준과 절차를 제공하고 있어 매우 관련성이 높습니다. 이러한 표준은 특히 예상치 못한 오용으로 인한 위험을 줄이고, 변동성 있는 작업 환경에서도 일관된 안전성을 유지하는 데 기여합니다.
SIST EN 13001-3-2:2014は、クレーンの一般設計に関する欧州標準の一部であり、特にレーヴィングシステムにおけるワイヤーロープの限界状態と能力の証明を扱っています。この標準は、EN 13001-1およびEN 13001-2と組み合わせて使用され、ワイヤーロープに関する機械的危険を防止するための一般的な条件、要求事項および理論的検証の方法を規定しています。 この標準の強みは、ワイヤーロープの強度に関連するリスクを軽減または排除するために必要な条項が含まれており、特に限界の強度（降伏、最終、疲労）を超える危険な状況に対処している点にあります。具体的には、条項5および6において、想定される使用や合理的に予見可能な誤用に伴う人へのリスクを評価し、適切な対策を講じることが求められています。 さらに、この標準は特定のクレーンタイプに対する具体的な要求事項を、該当する欧州標準に委ねることにより、より適用性が高く、柔軟性をもたらしています。その結果、様々なクレーンにおけるワイヤーロープの安全性と性能を確保するための基盤を提供します。 また、EN 13001-3-2:2014は、クレーンが製造された日以降の適用となるため、新しい設計基準に基づく製品開発を促進し、安全な使用を確保する手助けをします。このように、ワイヤーロープの限界状態手法に特化していることで、他の標準との整合性を持たせつつ、効率的かつ安全な設計を支援しています。
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