EN 14681:2006+A1:2010

Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces

This European Standard specifies the general safety requirements for electric arc furnaces (EAF) to melt steel not containing radioactive material.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events pertinent to EAF, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, but also includes foreseeable faults and malfunctions in case of misuse.
This European Standard specifies also criteria for the plant and equipment integrated in the production process.
This European Standard specifies the requirements to ensure the safety of persons which are to be met during the design, assembly, transport, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of the equipment.
This European Standard assumes that installations are operated and maintained by adequately trained and competent personnel. Manual intervention for setting, adjustment and maintenance is accepted as part of the normal use of the equipment.
This European Standard covers the following equipment (see Annex B):
-   EAF with AC technology (alternating current);
-   EAF with DC technology (direct current);
-   scrap pre-heating technology;
-   associated equipment/devices according Annex B.
The following equipment is not covered by this European Standard:
-   induction furnace;
-   resistance-arc furnace;
-   electron beam furnace;
-   plasma furnace;
-   other electrical furnaces used in secondary steelmaking.
This European Standard does not specify safety requirements for the following equipment, which can be an integral or complementary part of the equipment covered by the Scope:
a)   cranes;
b)   scrap basket;
c)   transport car for scrap basket;
d)   elephant house (furnace encasing for environmental reasons);
e)   separate scrap drying equipment.

Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Anlagen und Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Stahl mittels Elektrolichtbogenofen

Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen Sicherheitsanforderungen für Elektrolichtbogenöfen (ELO) beim Schmelzen von Stahl ohne radioaktives Material fest.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die vorhersehbaren, signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und
ereignisse für einen ELO fest, wenn dieser bestimmungsgemäß und unter vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Zuständen genutzt wird, schließt aber auch vorhersehbare Fehler und Fehlfunktionen im Falle von Fehl-gebrauch ein.
Diese Europäische Norm legt auch Merkmale für Anlagen und Einrichtungen fest, die in den Produktions-prozess integriert sind.
Diese Europäische Norm legt die zu erfüllenden Anforderungen fest, um die Sicherheit von Personen während der Konstruktion, des Baus, des Transports, der Inbetriebnahme, des Betriebs, der Wartung und der Außerbetriebnahme sicherzustellen.
Diese Europäische Norm geht davon aus, dass die Anlagen von entsprechend geschultem und fähigem Personal bedient und gewartet werden. Manuelles Eingreifen zur Einstellung, Anpassung und Wartung wird als Teil des Normalbetriebs der Ausrüstung akzeptiert.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für folgende Ausrüstung (siehe Anhang B):
-   Elektrolichtbogenofen mit AC Technologie (Wechselstrom);
-   Elektrolichtbogenofen mit DC Technologie (Gleichstrom);
-   Schrottvorwärmungs Technologie;
-   zugehörige Ausrüstung/Geräte, entsprechend Anhang B.
Die nachfolgende Ausrüstung wird nicht durch diese Europäische Norm abgedeckt:
-   Induktionsofen;
-   Lichtbogen Widerstandsofen;
-   Elektrostrahlofen;
-   Plasmaofen;
-   andere Elektroöfen, die in der Sekundärmetallurgie verwendet werden.
Diese Europäische Norm legt keine Sicherheitsanforderungen an die folgende Ausrüstung fest, die ein integraler oder ergänzender Teil der Ausrüstung sein kann, die durch den Geltungsbereich abgedeckt ist:
a)   Krane;
b)   Schrottkorb;
c)   Transportwagen für Schrottkörbe;
d)   Ofen Einhausung/"Elephant house" (Ofenumhüllung aus Umweltschutzgründen);
(...)

Sécurité des machines - Exigences de sécurité pour les machines et les équipements pour la production d'acier par four à arc électrique

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences de sécurité générales pour les fours à arc électrique (FAE) utilisés pour la fusion de l’acier ne contenant pas de matériau radioactif.
La présente Norme européenne traite tous les phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs pertinents pour les FAE, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés comme prévu et dans des conditions prévues par le fabricant, mais inclut aussi des défauts et défaillances prévisibles en cas de mauvais usage.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie aussi des critères pour l'usine et l'équipement intégré dans le processus de production.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie également les exigences pour assurer la sécurité des personnes devant être impliquées lors de la conception, de l’assemblage, du transport, de la mise en service, du fonctionnement, de la maintenance et de la mise hors service des équipements.
La présente Norme européenne suppose que les installations sont utilisées et entretenues par du personnel compétent ayant reçu une formation appropriée. Une intervention manuelle pour le réglage, l’ajustage et la maintenance est acceptée comme partie intégrante de l’utilisation normale des équipements.
La présente Norme européenne couvre les équipements suivants (voir Annexe B) :
-   fours à arc électrique avec technologie du CA (courant alternatif) ;
-   fours à arc électrique avec technologie du CC (courant continu) ;
-   technique de préchauffage des déchets ;
-   équipements/dispositifs associés selon l’Annexe B.
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas les équipements suivants :
-   four à induction ;
-   four à résistance ;
-   four à bombardement électronique ;
-   four à plasma ;
-   autres fours électriques utilisés en métallurgie secondaire.

Varnost strojev - Varnostne zahteve za stroje in opremo za proizvodnjo jekla z električnimi obločnimi pečmi

Ta evropski standard določa splošne varnostne zahteve za električne obločne peči (EAF) za taljenje jekla, ki ne vsebuje radioaktivnih materialov. Ta evropski standard obravnava vse bistvene nevarnosti, nevarne situacije in dogodke, pomembne za električne obločne peči, ko se uporabljajo kot predvideno in pod pogoji, ki jih predvidi proizvajalec, vključuje pa tudi predvidljive napake in okvare v primeru napačne uporabe. Ta evropski standard tudi določa merila za obrat in opremo, vključeno v proizvodni proces. Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za zagotavljanje varnosti oseb, ki so vključene v načrtovanje, sestavljanje, prevoz, usposobitev za zagon, delovanje, vzdrževanje in izločitev opreme iz uporabe. Ta evropski standard predvideva, da inštalacije upravlja in vzdržuje primerno usposobljeno in  pristojno osebje. Ročni posegi v nastavitve, prilagoditve in vzdrževanje so sprejemljivi kot del normalne uporabe te opreme.
Ta evropski standard zajema naslednjo opremo (glej Dodatek B):
- električne obločne peči s tehnologijo izmeničnega toka;
- električne obločne peči s tehnologijo enosmernega toka;
- tehnologijo predogrevanja sekundarnih surovin;
- povezano opremo/naprave v skladu z Dodatkom B.
Ta evropski standard ne zajema naslednje opreme:
- indukcijskih peči;
- uporovnih obločnih peči;
- peči z elektronskim žarkom;
- plazemskih peči;
- drugih električnih peči, ki se uporabljajo v sekundarni proizvodnji jekla.
Ta evropski standard ne določa varnostnih zahtev za naslednjo opremo, ki je lahko vgrajeni ali dodatni del opreme, ki jo zajema področje uporabe standarda:
a) za žerjave;
b) za koš za sekundarne surovine;
c) za vozilo, ki prevaža koš za sekundarne surovine;
d) za slonje ohišje (ohišje peči zaradi varovanja okolja);
e) za ločeno opremo za sušenje sekundarnih surovin.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Apr-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Oct-2010
• ICS: 25.180.10 - Electric furnaces
• ICS: 77.180 - Equipment for the metallurgical industry
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 322 - Equipments for making and shaping of metals - Safety requirements
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 322/WG 1 - Iron and steel production
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 07-Apr-2010
• Completion Date: 07-Apr-2010
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 2014/34/EU - Directive 2014/34/EU Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (recast)
• Directive: 94/9/EC - Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 March 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/92/46 - Standardization mandate assigned to CEN/CENELEC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
• Ref Project: SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces

Relations

• Merged From: EN 14681:2006/FprA1 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Merged From: EN 14681:2006 - Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces
• Effective Date: 06-Feb-2010
• Revised: prEN ISO 13578 - Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces (ISO/DIS 13578:2016)
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Overview - EN 14681:2006+A1:2010 (EAF safety)

EN 14681:2006+A1:2010 is a CEN type‑C standard that defines safety requirements for electric arc furnaces (EAF) used to melt steel (non‑radioactive). It covers the full equipment lifecycle - design, assembly, transport, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning - and addresses significant hazards, foreseeable faults and misuse. The standard applies to AC and DC EAFs, scrap pre‑heating systems and associated plant specified in Annex B, while explicitly excluding other furnace types (e.g., induction, plasma) and some ancillary items (cranes, scrap baskets, separate scrap driers, elephant houses).

Key topics and technical requirements

EN 14681 sets out practical safety measures and verification steps, including:

• General design requirements and ergonomic principles for operator interaction.
• Electrical requirements for melting power supplies and low‑voltage systems, plus grounding of mechanical furnace parts.
• Fluid systems safety and leakage control (hydraulics, transformers).
• Safety control systems and prevention of unexpected start‑up.
• Access, guarding and harmful areas - protection against contact with hot or moving parts.
• Mechanical safety features such as blocking devices for tilting platforms, gantry movement controls and electrode clamp safety.
• Human factors: pulpit layout, displays/controls, PPE, training and minimum marking.
• Environmental and workplace hazards: surface temperatures, heat radiation, noise and vibration reduction measures.
• Explosion prevention and protection (special requirements and relationship to explosive atmosphere directives).
• Verification, testing and information for use - noise test code, instruction handbooks, commissioning and maintenance documentation, and machine declarations.

Applications and who uses it

EN 14681 is used by:

• EAF manufacturers and machine designers to design compliant furnaces and integrated plant.
• Plant engineers and safety managers for risk assessment, layout and safe operation procedures.
• Commissioning teams, maintenance staff and operators to meet safety, training and documentation requirements.
• Compliance officers, notified bodies and auditors for conformity assessment and CE marking against Directive 2006/42/EC and ATEX considerations (Directive 94/9/EC where applicable).

Practical uses include specifying guarding and control systems, selecting grounding and hydraulic safeguards, implementing noise‑reduction measures, preparing instruction manuals and training programs, and integrating EAF safety into overall steel production plant safety management.

Related standards and references

EN 14681 cross‑references several normative standards for ergonomics, explosion protection and machine safety, for example:

• EN ISO 12100 (general machine risk assessment principles)
• EN 614‑1 / EN 614‑2 (ergonomic design principles)
• EN 1127‑1 (explosive atmospheres)
• EN 13463 series (non‑electrical equipment in explosive atmospheres)

Keywords: EN 14681, electric arc furnace, EAF safety, safety of machinery, steel production, CEN, explosion prevention, noise reduction, ergonomic design, machine safety.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Anlagen und Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Stahl mittels ElektrolichtbogenofenSécurité des machines - Exigences de sécurité pour les machines et les équipements pour la production d'acier par four à arc électriqueSafety of machinery - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces77.180Oprema za metalurško industrijoEquipment for the metallurgical industry25.180.10Electric furnaces13.110Varnost strojevSafety of machineryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14681:2006+A1:2010SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010en,fr01-junij-2010SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14681:2006+A1
April 2010 ICS 25.180.10; 77.180 Supersedes EN 14681:2006English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces
Sécurité des machines - Exigences de sécurité pour les machines et les équipements pour la production d'acier par four à arc électrique
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Anlagen und Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Stahl mittels Elektrolichtbogenofen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 28 February 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14681:2006+A1:2010: ESIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010

Noise test code . 29Annex B (normative)
Equipment covered by this European Standard . 33Annex C (informative)
Examples of electric arc furnaces . 35Annex ZA (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC" . 37Annex ZB (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC . 38Bibliography . 39 Figures Figure B.1 — Specification of equipment covered by this standard (solid line) and take over points of linked equipment (dashed line) . 34 Figure C.1 — Example of an EAF . 35 Figure C.2 — Example of an EAF: Single shaft furnace with scrap preheating system . 36
Tables Table 1 — Significant hazards, hazardous situations, safety requirements and/or measures . 18 Table A.1 — Example of declared dual-number noise emission values . 32 Table B.1 — EAF with AC technology . 33 Table B.2 — EAF with DC technology . 33 Table B.3 — Auxiliaries . 33
(ISO 7731:2003) EN ISO 11064-1, Ergonomic design of control centres — Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres (ISO 11064-1:2000) EN ISO 11202:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Survey method in situ
(ISO 11202:1995) EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) EN ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006) EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006) EN ISO 13850:2008, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006) EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010

!EN ISO 14121-1" to identify any other relevant hazard of the machine/equipment and take measures to eliminate or minimize the risk. 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General 5.1.1 General design requirements Electric arc furnace and equipment conforming to this European Standard shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause. This European Standard assumes that:  machinery and equipment are operated and maintained by adequately trained and competent personnel. Manual intervention for setting, adjustment and maintenance is accepted as part of the normal use of the equipment;  machinery is used with adequate workplace lighting conforming to EN 12464-1 or to local regulations. The manufacturer shall undertake and record design calculations of the structural assembly, e.g. steel sections, auxiliaries and service as part of the equipment which shall be stable, suitable for function and intended use. Safety devices shall be protected against damage. In particular, they shall be robust to withstand continuous operation in the respective area. In particular the design shall include requirements and constructional details with respect to, e.g.:  accessibility;  guards and protection;  maintenance openings and clearance gaps for cleaning;  escape routes;  movement of machinery and material;  safety during operation; SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010

!EN ISO 13857" and EN ISO 14122-1 to EN ISO 14122-4. Where required, they shall be protected against heat radiation, splashing material and jets of high pressure fluids. Surfaces for walking or working platforms shall be so designed that the risks of slips, trips and falls caused by scale, oil, emulsion and/or lubricant or fine grained material are avoided or minimized. Access on furnace roof/gantry during power on shall be avoided by activating an interlocking device according 5.3 of EN 1088:1995 which switch-off the power supply by opening the furnace breaker. 5.1.10 Safety control system Each safety control shall be selected in accordance with the severity of the risk as described in
!EN ISO 13849-1". The function of each safety control shall be considered in combination with other elements of the safety control system and shall be selected so as it does not reduce the safety level of any other component of the control system. For the hazards listed in Table 1 where an electrical control system is involved a risk assessment shall be carried out according to !EN ISO 13849-1". 5.1.11 Harmful areas Areas with the risk of ignition, toxic effects, gas/dust accumulation or suffocation, specific action shall be taken (e.g. fresh air exchange, removal of dust). SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010

Significanthazard Hazardous situation Safety requirement and/or measure Reference Verifi-cation !5.2.1 General requirements 5.2.1.1 General  Unauthorized access into hazardous work zones  Restrict access to authorized personnel  5.1.1  5.1.9 V, D  Provide warning signs and visible and/or audible signals.  5.1.18 V, M
 Provide devices to give clear view to areas not visible from pulpit or control stand.  5.1.16 V, D
 Operating/maintenance instruction: advice on the use of safe working procedures, e.g., use of safety locks, access only for authorised persons.  7.3.5 V 5.2.1.2 Slips, trips, falls  On or from stairs, ladders, platforms or walkways  Open sides of platforms and walkways shall be fitted with, e.g. guard-rails and toeboards.  5.1.9 V, D
 Stairways shall be provided with a handrail  5.1.9 V, D
 All treading surfaces of stairs, walk-ways and platforms shall be con-structed to prevent slipping and to be easily cleaned of oil, grease etc.  5.1.9 V, D 5.2.1.3 Ergonomic problems  Pulpit/control stands: Influence on perform-ance of personnel  Ergonomic principles, e.g. visual display of controls, good direct visibility from pulpit to furnace  5.1.7  5.1.16 D, M, T, V5.2.1.4 Noise  Exposure to noise  Noise reduction at workstations  5.1.20  Annex A D, M, T
 Operating/maintenance instructions  7.3.5 D 5.2.1.5 Vibration  Exposure to hand-arm and whole-body vibration  Vibration reduction at workstations  5.1.21 D, M, T  Operating/maintenance instructions  7.3.5 D" SIST EN 14681:2007+A1:2010

Table 1 — (continued)
5.2.2 EAF including scrap pre-heating 5.2.2.1 Mass and stability  Shell tilting position (imposed, not forced) during scrap loading, slagging off and tapping  Blocking devices/valves to avoid uncontrolled shell movements  5.1.12 D, T, V
 Loss of control of shell movement (uncon-trolled mass motion)
 Loss of control may cause loss of liquid steel and damage structures 5.2.2.2 Parts under voltage  Electric shock, caused by approaching live parts, i.e., electrode arms, electrodes during inspection/maintenance of roof and gantry  Interlock device to prevent access on furnace roof/gantry during power on  5.1.9  5.1.10  !5.1.13" D, T, V  Potential difference on furnace, e.g. short circuit to earth  Connection to earth  5.1.4 D, M, T 5.2.2.3 Electro-magnetic fields  Magnetic fields causing interference with, e.g. pacemakers  Warning signs
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