CEN/TR 17311:2019

Public transport - Interoperable fare management system - Bluetooth low energy ticketing use cases and guidelines

The intention of this document is to review what was done to envision the limits of the proposed technique and related schemes which will be described and to define what could be submitted to standards. Concepts which are to be used for BLE in IFM are based on a highly spread technology which is BLE. This is not limited to any trademark or proprietary scheme. Therefore any person having a smartphone can use this technology with prerequisite to have a Bluetooth version greater than 4.0 and a dedicated application on board the smartphone.
The background of this document is related to usage in Account Based Ticketing frame (see related document made in ISO/TC 204/WG 8). There is no information related to the IFM itself.

Öffentlicher Verkehr - Interoperables Fahrgeldmanagement System - Niedrigenergie-Bluetooth Anwendungen und Vorgaben für den Fahrkartenverkauf

Transport public - Système de gestion tarifaire interopérable - Cas d'utilisation et lignes directrices pour l’usage du Bluetooth faible énergie dans les applications de billetterie

Javni prevoz - Medobratovalni sistem upravljanja voznin - Primeri in smernice za uporabo vozovnic, ki temeljijo na tehnologiji BLE (bluetooth low energy)

Namen tega dokumenta je pregled opravljenega, predvidevanje omejitev predlagane tehnike in sorodnih shem, ki bodo opisane, ter določanje tega, kaj bi lahko bilo predloženo v standardizacijo. Pojmi, ki bodo uporabljeni za tehnologijo BLE v IFM, temeljijo na zelo razširjeni tehnologiji BLE. To ni omejeno na nobeno blagovno znamko ali lastniško shemo. Zato lahko vsaka oseba, ki ima pametni telefon, uporablja to tehnologijo pod pogojem, da v pametnem telefonu uporablja Bluetooth različice, novejše od 4.0, in namensko aplikacijo.
Ozadje tega dokumenta se nanaša na uporabo v okviru izdaje vozovnic na podlagi računa (glej sorodni dokument v TC204 WG8). Informacij, ki se nanašajo na sam IFM, ni.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Jan-2019
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 278 - Road transport and traffic telematics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 278/WG 3 - Public transport (PT)
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 30-Jan-2019
• Due Date: 29-Oct-2018
• Completion Date: 30-Jan-2019
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 17311:2019 - Public transport - Interoperable fare management system - Bluetooth low energy ticketing use cases and guidelines

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2019
Javni prevoz - Medobratovalni sistem upravljanja voznin - Primeri in smernice za
uporabo vozovnic, ki temeljijo na tehnologiji BLE (bluetooth low energy)
Public transport - Interoperable fare management system - Bluetooth low energy
ticketing use cases and guidelines
Öffentlicher Verkehr - Interoperables Fahrgeldmanagement System - Niedrigenergie-
Bluetooth Anwendungen und Vorgaben für den Fahrkartenverkauf
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17311:2019
ICS:
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
prometu
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 17311
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
January 2019
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 35.240.60
English Version
Public transport - Interoperable fare management system -
Bluetooth low energy ticketing use cases and guidelines
Transport public - Système de gestion tarifaire Öffentlicher Verkehr - Interoperables
interopérable - Cas d'utilisation et lignes directrices Fahrgeldmanagement System - Niedrigenergie-
pour l'usage du Bluetooth faible énergie dans les Bluetooth Anwendungen und Vorgaben für den
applications de billetterie Fahrkartenverkauf

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 30 December 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
278.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17311:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 5
5 Introduction to BLE . 5
5.1 What is BLE . 5
5.2 BLE ecosystem analysis . 7
5.2.1 Introduction . 7
5.2.2 Key Features of the Bluetooth Low Energy . 7
5.2.3 Bluetooth single mode and Bluetooth dual mode . 7
5.3 Bluetooth Low Energy Architecture . 8
5.3.1 General . 8
5.3.2 The controller . 9
5.3.3 Physical layer . 9
5.3.4 Link Layer . 10
5.3.5 Host Controller interface . 11
5.3.6 Host . 11
5.3.7 Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol . 11
5.3.8 Security manager protocol . 11
5.3.9 Attribute protocol . 11
5.3.10 Attribute database, server and client . 13
5.3.11 Generic attribute Profile. 13
5.3.12 Generic Access Profile . 14
6 BLE usage in IFM systems: concept description . 15
6.1 Introduction . 15
6.2 Overview: building blocks and network topology . 16
6.2.1 Building blocks of BLE . 16
6.2.2 Network topology . 17
6.3 How BLE can work: description of the different approaches . 18
6.3.1 Introduction . 18
6.3.2 Walk-In/ Walk-Out and Be-In/Be-Out . 18
6.4 Technical features according on usage concepts . 20
6.4.1 Validation by Embedded in frame location — Location Management . 20
6.4.2 Validation by URL - Repository location . 20
6.5 Advantages and drawbacks . 21
6.5.1 Introduction . 21
6.5.2 Main advantages . 22
6.5.3 Main drawbacks . 23
6.6 BLE vs competitive technologies . 24
7 How to ensure co-existence and migrations from or to other IFMS technologies . 26
8 Use cases description . 26
8.1 Norway use case: Oslo Ruter operator . 26
8.2 ACTV-Venezia use case . 27
8.3 Usage of BLE in bus system . 28
8.4 Use Case EILO – Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund, Germany . 30
Bibliography . 31

European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17311:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 278
“Intelligent transport systems”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
1 Scope
The intention of this document is to review what was done to envision the limits of the proposed
technique and related schemes which will be described and to define what could be submitted to
standards. Concepts which are to be used for BLE in IFM are based on a highly spread technology which
is BLE. This is not limited to any trademark or proprietary scheme. Therefore any person having a
smartphone can use this technology with prerequisite to have a Bluetooth version greater than 4.0 and a
dedicated application on board the smartphone.
The background of this document is related to usage in Account Based Ticketing frame (see related
document made in ISO/TC 204/WG 8). There is no information related to the IFM itself.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviations
TR Technical Report
EN European Standard
5 Introduction to BLE
5.1 What is BLE
Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed and marketed by
the Bluetooth Special Interest Group aimed at novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons,
security, and home entertainment industries. Compared to Classic Bluetooth, BLE is intended to provide
considerably reduced power consumption and cost while maintaining a similar communication range.
The Bluetooth Low Energy identifies a number of markets for low energy technology, particularly in the
smart home, health, sport and fitness sectors. Cited advantages include: low power requirements,
operating for “months or years” on a small size button cell and low cost compatibility with a large
installed base of mobile phones, tablets and computers.
Compared to classic Bluetooth technology, BLE has the characteristics as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Comparison between classic Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy
Technical specification Classic Bluetooth technology Bluetooth Low Energy
Distance/range (theoretical
100 m > 100 m
max.)
Over the air data rate 1 Mbit/s to 3 Mbit/s 125 kbit/s – 1 Mbit/s – 2 Mbit/s
Application throughput 0,7 Mbit/s to 2,1 Mbit/s 0,27 Mbit/s
Active slaves 7 Not defined; implementation dependent
56/128-bit and application layer 128-bit AES with Counter Mode CBC-
Security
user defined MAC and application layer user defined
Adaptive frequency hopping, Lazy
Adaptive fast frequency hopping,
Robustness Acknowledgement, 24-bit CRC, 32-bit
FEC, fast ACK
Message Integrity Check
Latency (from a non-
Typically 100 ms 6 ms
connected state)
Minimum total time to send
100 ms 3 ms
data (det. battery life)
Voice capable Yes No
Network topology Scatternet Scatternet
0,01 W to 0,50 W (depending on use
Power consumption 1 W as the reference
case)
Peak current consumption < 30 mA < 15 mA
Service discovery Yes Yes
Profile concept Yes Yes
Mobile phones, gaming, headsets,
Mobile phones, gaming, smart homes,
stereo audio streaming, smart
wearable, automotive, PCs, security,
Primary use cases homes, wearable, automotive, PCs,
proximity, healthcare, sports and fitness,
security, proximity, healthcare,
Industrial, etc.
sports and fitness, etc.
BLE uses the same frequency band as Bluetooth (2,4 GHz to 2,5 GHz) and shares this frequency band with
other uses (notably WiFi which uses the frequency band 2,4 GHz to 2,6 GHz). To allow for less sensitivity
to disturbances, BLE implements a frequency hopping mechanism, thus ensuring clear data
transmissions even in rich media of radio links.
Moreover, BLE allows a varied use in terms of implementation since this protocol can be used:
— In connected mode: 2 interlocutors dialogue once paired;
— In network mode: 1 master allows the establishment of a communication with several slaves in a
pico-network;
— In beacon mode: 1 element transmits information that anyone who wants to hear can hear.
Last mode looks to be the most popular to applications used in IFM systems even if some implementations
in connected mode have been tested.
SIST-TP
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