EN IEC 60728-106:2023
(Main)Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 106: Optical equipment for systems loaded with digital channels only
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 106: Optical equipment for systems loaded with digital channels only
IEC 60728-106:2023 lays down the measuring methods, performance requirements and data publication requirements of optical equipment of cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services loaded with digital channels only. This document • applies to all optical transmitters, receivers, amplifiers, directional couplers, isolators, multiplexing devices, connectors and splices used in cable networks; • covers the frequency range 5 MHz to 3 300 MHz; • identifies guaranteed performance requirements for certain parameters; • lays down data publication requirements with guaranteed performance; • describes methods of measurement for compliance testing. All requirements and published data relate to minimum performance levels within the specified frequency range and in well-matched conditions as might be applicable to cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services.
Kabelnetze für Fernsehsignale, Tonsignale und interaktive Dienste - Teil 106: Optische Geräte für Systeme bei Vollbelegung mit digitalen Kanälen
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs - Partie 106: Matériel optique pour systèmes soumis à une charge de porteuses exclusivement numériques
L'IEC 60728-106:2023 définit les méthodes de mesurage, les exigences de performance et les exigences de publication des données des matériels optiques des réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs soumis à une charge de porteuses exclusivement numériques. Le présent document: - s'applique à l'ensemble des émetteurs, récepteurs, amplificateurs, coupleurs directifs, isolateurs, multiplexeurs, connecteurs et épissures optiques, utilisés dans les réseaux de distribution par câbles; - couvre la plage de fréquences de 5 MHz à 3 300 MHz; - identifie les exigences de performances assurées pour certains paramètres; - établit les exigences de publication des données avec les performances assurées; - décrit les méthodes de mesurage pour les essais de conformité. Toutes les exigences et données publiées se rapportent aux niveaux de performance minimale dans la plage de fréquences spécifiée et dans des conditions bien adaptées qui peuvent s'appliquer aux réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs.
Kabelska omrežja za televizijske in zvokovne signale ter interaktivne storitve - 106. del: Optična oprema za sisteme z obremenitvami izključno digitaliziranih kanalov (IEC 60728-106:2023)
Standard IEC 60728-106:2023 določa merilne metode, zahteve glede učinkovitosti in zahteve glede objave podatkov za optično opremo kabelskih omrežij za televizijske in zvokovne signale ter interaktivne storitve, ki uporabljajo samo digitalne kanale.
Ta dokument
• se uporablja za vse optične sprejemnike, oddajnike, ojačevalnike, smerne povezovalnike, izolatorje, naprave za multipleksiranje, konektorje in spojnice, ki se uporabljajo v kabelskih omrežjih;
• zajema frekvenčno območje od 5 MHz do 3300 MHz;
• opredeljuje zahteve glede učinkovitosti za določene parametre;
• določa zahteve za objavo podatkov za določene parametre;
• opisuje metode merjenja za preskušanje skladnosti.
Vse zahteve in objavljeni podatki se nanašajo na minimalne stopnje delovanja v določenem frekvenčnem razponu in dobro usklajenih pogojih, ki lahko veljajo za kabelska omrežja za televizijske in zvokovne signale ter interaktivne storitve.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2024
Kabelska omrežja za televizijske in zvokovne signale ter interaktivne storitve - 106.
del: Optična oprema za sisteme z obremenitvami izključno digitaliziranih kanalov
(IEC 60728-106:2023)
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 106:
Optical equipment for systems loaded with digital channels only (IEC 60728-106:2023)
Kabelnetze für Fernsehsignale, Tonsignale und interaktive Dienste - Teil 106: Optische
Geräte für Systeme bei Vollbelegung mit digitalen Kanälen (IEC 60728-106:2023)
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion
sonore et services interactifs - Partie 106: Matériel optique pour systèmes soumis à une
charge de porteuses exclusivement numériques (IEC 60728-106:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60728-106:2023
ICS:
33.060.40 Kabelski razdelilni sistemi Cabled distribution systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60728-106
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2023
ICS 33.060.40
English Version
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and
interactive services - Part 106: Optical equipment for systems
loaded with digital channels only
(IEC 60728-106:2023)
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de Kabelnetze für Fernsehsignale, Tonsignale und interaktive
télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et services Dienste - Teil 106: Optische Geräte für Systeme bei
interactifs - Partie 106: Matériel optique pour systèmes Vollbelegung mit digitalen Kanälen
soumis à une charge de porteuses exclusivement (IEC 60728-106:2023)
numériques
(IEC 60728-106:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2023-07-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60728-106:2023 E
European foreword
The text of document 100/3899/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60728-106, prepared by IEC/TC 100
"Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 60728-106:2023.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2024-07-04
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2026-07-04
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60728-106:2023 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60068-1 NOTE Approved as EN 60068-1
IEC 60728-1:2014 NOTE Approved as EN 60728-1:2014 (not modified)
IEC 60728-113 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60728-113
IEC 60728-6:2011 NOTE Approved as EN 60728-6:2011 (not modified)
IEC 60825-2 NOTE Approved as EN 60825-2
IEC 61280-4-2 NOTE Approved as EN 61280-4-2
IEC 61281-1:2017 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61281-1:2018 (not modified)
IEC 61291-1:2018 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61291-1:2018 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-2 series Environmental testing EN 60068-2 series
IEC 60529 - Degrees of protection provided by EN 60529 -
enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60728-3 2017 Cable networks for television signals, EN IEC 60728-3 2018
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 3: Active wideband equipment for
cable networks
IEC 60728-11 - Cable networks for television signals, EN IEC 60728-11 -
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 11: Safety
IEC 60728-101 - Cable networks for television signals, EN 60728-101 -
sound signals and interactive services -
Part 101: System performance of forward
paths loaded with digital channels only
IEC 60793-2-50 - Optical fibres - Part 2-50: Product EN IEC 60793-2-50 -
specifications - Sectional specification for
class B single-mode fibres
IEC 60825-1 - Safety of laser products - Part 1: EN 60825-1 -
Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61280-1-1 - Fibre optic communication subsystem EN 61280-1-1 -
basic test procedures - Part 1-1: Test
procedures for general communication
subsystems - Transmitter output optical
power measurement for single-mode
optical fibre cable
IEC 61280-1-3 - Fibre optic communication subsystem test EN IEC 61280-1-3 -
procedures - Part 1-3: General
communication subsystems -
Measurement of central wavelength,
spectral width and additional spectral
characteristics
IEC 61290-1 series Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 1- EN IEC 61290-1 series
1: Power and gain parameters
IEC 61290-3-2 2008 Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 3- EN 61290-3-2 2008
2: Noise figure parameters - Electrical
spectrum analyser method
IEC 61290-5 series Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 5: EN 61290-5 series
Reflectance parameters
IEC 61290-6-1 - Optical fibre amplifiers - Basic specification EN 61290-6-1 -
- Part 6-1: Test methods for pump leakage
parameters - Optical demultiplexer
IEC 61290-11 series Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 11: EN 61290-11 series
Polarization mode dispersion parameter
IEC 61300-3-6 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and EN 61300-3-6 -
passive components - Basic test and
measurement procedures - Part 3-6:
Examinations and measurements - Return
loss
IEC 60728-106 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 106: Optical equipment for systems loaded with digital channels only
Réseaux de distribution par câbles pour signaux de télévision, signaux de
radiodiffusion sonore et services interactifs –
Partie 106: Matériel optique pour systèmes soumis à une charge de porteuses
exclusivement numériques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.060.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-7053-0
– 2 – IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbols and abbreviated terms. 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Graphical symbols . 16
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 18
4 Methods of measurement . 19
4.1 Measurement requirements . 19
4.1.1 General . 19
4.1.2 Input specification . 19
4.1.3 Measurement conditions . 19
4.2 Optical power . 19
4.3 Loss, isolation, directivity and coupling ratio . 19
4.3.1 General . 19
4.3.2 Measurement requirements . 19
4.3.3 Measurement procedure . 20
4.4 Return loss . 20
4.5 Saturation output power of an optical amplifier . 20
4.5.1 Purpose . 20
4.5.2 Measurement procedure . 21
4.6 Centroidal wavelength and spectral width under modulation. 21
4.7 Linewidth and chirping of transmitters with single mode lasers . 21
4.7.1 Purpose . 21
4.7.2 Equipment required . 21
4.7.3 General measurement requirements . 22
4.7.4 Measurement procedure . 22
4.7.5 Potential sources of error . 23
4.8 Optical modulation index . 23
4.8.1 Purpose . 23
4.8.2 Equipment required . 23
4.8.3 Measurement procedure . 23
4.8.4 Potential sources of error . 24
4.9 Reference output level of an optical receiver . 24
4.9.1 Purpose . 24
4.9.2 Equipment required . 25
4.9.3 General measurement requirements . 25
4.9.4 Measurement procedure . 25
4.9.5 Potential sources of error . 25
4.10 Slope and flatness . 26
4.10.1 Purpose . 26
4.10.2 Equipment required . 26
4.10.3 Measurement procedure . 26
4.10.4 Potential sources of error . 27
4.11 Transmitter non-linearity . 27
4.11.1 Purpose . 27
IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
4.11.2 Equipment required . 28
4.11.3 Measurement procedure . 28
4.11.4 Potential sources of error . 28
4.12 Receiver intermodulation . 29
4.12.1 Purpose . 29
4.12.2 Equipment required . 29
4.12.3 General measurement requirements . 29
4.12.4 Measurement procedure . 29
4.12.5 Potential sources of error . 31
4.13 Microscopic gain tilt of optical amplifiers . 31
4.13.1 Purpose . 31
4.13.2 Equipment required . 31
4.13.3 Measurement procedure . 31
4.13.4 Potential sources of error . 32
4.14 Noise parameters of optical transmitters and optical receivers . 32
4.14.1 Purpose . 32
4.14.2 Equipment required . 33
4.14.3 General measurement requirements . 34
4.14.4 Measurement procedure . 34
4.14.5 Relative intensity noise . 37
4.14.6 Equivalent input noise current density . 37
4.14.7 Potential sources of error . 38
4.15 Method for combined measurement of relative intensity noise (RIN), optical
modulation index and equivalent input noise current . 38
4.15.1 Purpose . 38
4.15.2 Equipment required . 38
4.15.3 General measurement conditions . 39
4.15.4 Measurement procedure . 39
4.15.5 Potential sources of error . 40
4.16 Noise figure of optical amplifiers . 40
4.17 Influence of fibre . 40
4.17.1 Purpose . 40
4.17.2 Equipment required . 40
4.17.3 Measurement procedure . 40
4.17.4 Potential sources of error . 40
4.18 SBS threshold . 40
4.18.1 Purpose . 40
4.18.2 Equipment required . 41
4.18.3 Measurement procedure . 41
4.18.4 Potential sources of error . 41
4.19 Signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SCR) . 41
4.19.1 Purpose . 41
4.19.2 Equipment required . 42
4.19.3 Measurement procedure . 42
4.19.4 Potential sources of error . 43
5 Universal performance requirements and recommendations . 43
5.1 Safety . 43
5.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 43
5.3 Environmental . 43
– 4 – IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023
5.4 Marking . 43
6 Active equipment . 43
6.1 Optical transmitters . 43
6.1.1 Data publication requirement . 43
6.1.2 Recommendations . 44
6.2 Optical receivers . 44
6.2.1 Data publication requirements . 44
6.2.2 Recommendations . 44
6.3 Optical amplifiers . 45
6.3.1 Data publication requirements . 45
6.3.2 Recommendations for optical amplifiers . 45
7 Passive equipment . 46
Bibliography . 47
Figure 1 – Tilt and microscopic gain tilt of optical amplifiers . 12
Figure 2 – Measurement of optical loss, directivity, isolation and coupling ratio . 20
Figure 3 – Saturation output power of an optical amplifier . 21
Figure 4 – Measurement of the chirping and the linewidth of transmitters. 22
Figure 5 – Measurement of the optical modulation index . 24
Figure 6 – Measurement of the reference output level of an optical receiver . 25
Figure 7 – Measurement of the slope and flatness . 26
Figure 8 – Evaluation of the slope . 27
Figure 9 – Evaluating the flatness . 27
Figure 10 – Equipment under test (EUT) for measuring non-linearity of optical
transmitters . 28
Figure 11 – Arrangement of test equipment for measuring receiver intermodulation . 30
Figure 12 – Arrangement of test equipment for measuring microscopic gain tilt. 31
Figure 13 – System with internal noise sources . 32
Figure 14 – PIN diode receiver. 33
Figure 15 – Optical transmission system under test . 34
Figure 16 – Arrangement of test equipment for RF signal-to-noise ratio measurement . 35
Figure 17 – Measurement set-up for determination of the noise parameters and the
optical modulation index . 39
Figure 18 – Arrangement for measuring the SBS threshold . 41
Figure 19 – Arrangement for measuring the SCR . 42
Table 1 – Noise correction factors C for different noise level differences D . 36
n
Table 2 – Recommendations for optical forward path transmitters . 44
Table 3 – Recommendations for optical return path transmitters . 44
Table 4 – Recommendations for optical receivers . 45
Table 5 – Parameters of optical amplifiers . 45
Table 6 – Recommendations for optical amplifiers . 46
IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 106: Optical equipment for systems loaded with digital channels only
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60728-106 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks for television signals,
sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and
multimedia systems and equipment. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
100/3899/FDIS 100/3923/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
– 6 – IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60728 series, published under the general title Cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
International Standards and other deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks,
including equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend reception,
processing and distribution of television and sound signals and for processing, interfacing and
transmitting all kinds of data signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission
media. These signals are typically transmitted in networks by frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes, for instance:
• regional and local broadband cable networks,
• extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
• individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.
The extent of this standardization work ranges from antennas and/or special interfaces to
headends, or other interface points on the network up to any terminal interface of the equipment
on the customer's premises.
The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired and
wireless transmission systems.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia terminals)
as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof is excluded.
– 8 – IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 106: Optical equipment for systems loaded with digital channels only
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 lays down the measuring methods, performance requirements and data
publication requirements of optical equipment of cable networks for television signals, sound
signals and interactive services loaded with digital channels only.
This document
• applies to all optical transmitters, receivers, amplifiers, directional couplers, isolators,
multiplexing devices, connectors and splices used in cable networks;
• covers the frequency range 5 MHz to 3 300 MHz;
NOTE The upper limit of 3 300 MHz is an example, but not a strict value.
• identifies guaranteed performance requirements for certain parameters;
• lays down data publication requirements with guaranteed performance;
• describes methods of measurement for compliance testing.
All requirements and published data relate to minimum performance levels within the specified
frequency range and in well-matched conditions as might be applicable to cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2 (all parts), Environmental testing
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60728-101, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 101: System performance of forward paths loaded with digital channels only
IEC 60728-3:2017, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services
– Part 3: Active wideband equipment for cable networks
IEC 60728-11, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 11: Safety
IEC 60793-2-50, Optical fibres – Part 2-50: Product specifications – Sectional specification for
class B single-mode fibres
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
IEC 61280-1-1, Fibre optic communication subsystem basic test procedures – Part 1-1: Test
procedures for general communication subsystems – Transmitter output optical power
measurement for single-mode optical fibre cable
IEC 61280-1-3, Fibre optic communication subsystem test procedures – Part 1-3: General
communication subsystems – Measurement of central wavelength, spectral width and additional
spectral characteristics
IEC 61290-1 (all parts), Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 1: Power and gain parameters
IEC 61290-3-2:2008, Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 3-2: Noise figure parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyser method
IEC 61290-5 (all parts), Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 5: Reflectance parameters
IEC 61290-6-1, Optical fibre amplifiers – Basic specification – Part 6-1: Test methods for pump
leakage parameters – Optical demultiplexer
IEC 61290-11 (all parts), Optical amplifiers – Test methods – Part 11: Polarization mode
dispersion parameter
IEC 61300-3-6, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test and
measurement procedures – Part 3-6: Examinations and measurements – Return loss
3 Terms, definitions, graphical symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
amplified spontaneous emission
ASE
optical power associated to spontaneously emitted photons amplified by an active medium in
an optical amplifier
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.7.87]
3.1.2
stimulated Brillouin scattering
SBS
non-linear scattering of optical radiation characterized by a frequency shift as for the Raman
scattering, but accompanied by a lower frequency (acoustical) vibration of the medium lattice
Note 1 to entry: The light is scattered backward with respect to the incident radiation.
Note 2 to entry: In silica fibres, the frequency shift is typically around 10 GHz.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.1.88, modified – The term and definition have been altered
to comply with the latest version of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.]
– 10 – IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.3
centroidal wavelength
mean or average wavelength of an optical spectrum
Note 1 to entry: Other spectral wavelengths are central wavelengths, half-power wavelengths, and peak
wavelengths
3.1.4
chirping
rapid change of the emission wavelengths of a directly intensity-modulated optical source as a
function of the intensity of the modulating signal
Note 1 to entry: Chirping should not be confused with long-term wavelength drift.
Note 2 to entry: Due to the fibre chromatic dispersion, using a single-mode laser, chirping can cause either
degradation or improvement of the total bandwidth.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.7.44]
3.1.5
chromatic dispersion
DEPRECATED: total dispersion
spreading of a light pulse per unit source spectrum width in an optical fibre caused by different
group velocities of the different wavelengths composing the source spectrum
Note 1 to entry: The chromatic dispersion may be due to the following contributions: material dispersion, waveguide
dispersion, profile dispersion.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.4.54]
3.1.6
cladding mode
mode in which the electromagnetic field is confined in the cladding and the core by virtue of
there being a lower refractive index medium surrounding the outermost cladding
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-731:1991, 731-03-60]
3.1.7
coherence time
time over which a propagating light can be considered to be coherent radiation
Note 1 to entry: The coherence time is equal to coherence length divided by the phase velocity of light in a medium.
Note 2 to entry: The coherence time is given approximately λ /(c⋅∆λ) where λ is the central wavelength, ∆λ is the
0 0
spectral linewidth and c is the velocity of light in vacuum.
3.1.8
directional coupler
directional branching device
device which distributes an optical signal among the output ports in a predetermined fashion
only when light is launched into one preselected input port
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, directional coupler is the preferred term because this is also
the term for its electrical equivalent.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.6.22, modified – "directional coupler" given preferred term
status instead of deprecated status, and Note 1 to entry has been added.]
IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
3.1.9
directivity
the ratio, usually expressed in decibels, of the power output measured at the appropriate port
of one of the transmission lines of a directional coupler, when power is fed into the other
transmission line in the preferred direction, to the power output measured at the same place
when the same power is fed into the same line in the opposite direction, matched terminations
being connected to all ports
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-726:1982, 726-14-03]
3.1.10
equivalent input noise current density
notional input noise current density which, when applied to the input of an ideal noiseless
device, produces an output noise current density equal in value to that observed at the output
of the actual device under consideration
Note 1 to entry: It can be calculated from the RF signal-to-noise ratio (see 4.14).
3.1.11
fibre optic branching device
optical fibre branching device
DEPRECATED: optical fibre coupler
optical fibre device, possessing three or more optical ports, which shares optical power among
its ports in a predetermined fashion, at the same wavelength or wavelengths, without
wavelength conversion
Note 1 to entry: The ports may be connected to fibres, sources, detectors, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.6.21]
3.1.12
flatness
difference between the maximum and the minimum gain or attenuation reduced by the slope
within the specified modulation frequency range of a device or system
3.1.13
optical isolator
isolator
two port non-reciprocal optical device intended to suppress backward reflection, while having
minimum insertion loss in the forward direction, based on the Faraday effect
Note 1 to entry: An isolator is commonly used to prevent return reflections along a transmission path.
Note 2 to entry: An isolator is generally polarization dependent; however, fibre optic polarization-independent
isolators exist.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.6.30]
3.1.14
microscopic gain tilt
slope due to ripples in sub-nanometre intervals in the gain-versus-wavelength characteristic in
the specified wavelength range of optical amplifiers (see Figure 1)
– 12 – IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023
Figure 1 – Tilt and microscopic gain tilt of optical amplifiers
3.1.15
multiplexing device
WDM device
wavelength selective branching device (used in WDM transmission systems) in which optical
signals can be transferred between two predetermined ports, depending on the wavelength of
the signal
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.6.51]
3.1.16
noise figure
NF
decrease of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), at the output of an optical detector with unitary
quantum efficiency and zero excess noise, due to the propagation of a shot noise-limited signal
through the optical amplifier (OA)
Note 1 to entry: The operating conditions at which the noise figure is specified should be stated, especially since it
depends on the optical input power and on the wavelength used.
Note 2 to entry: This property can be described as a discrete wavelength or as a function of wavelength.
Note 3 to entry: The noise degradation due to the OA, is attributable to different factors, for example signal-
spontaneous beat noise, spontaneous-spontaneous beat noise, internal reflections noise, signal shot noise,
spontaneous shot noise. Each of these factors depends on various conditions which should be specified for a correct
evaluation of the noise figure.
Note 4 to entry: By convention, this noise figure is a positive number.
Note 5 to entry: In the case of OAs for analogue applications, the noise figure also represents the ratio between
input and the output RF signal-to-noise ratios.
Note 6 to entry: Noise figure is expressed in dB.
3.1.17
optical amplifier
OA
optical waveguide device containing a suitably pumped, active medium which is able to amplify
an optical signal
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.7.75]
IEC 60728-106:2023 © IEC 2023 – 13 –
3.1.18
optical receiving unit
optical receiver
RX
receive fibre optic terminal device accepting at its input port a modulated optical carrier, and
providing at its output port the corresponding demodulated electrical signal (with the associated
clock, if digital)
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, optical receivers can have more than one output port providing
electrical RF signals.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 61931:1998, 2.9.7, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.19
optical return loss
return loss
ORL
ratio, expressed in dB, of the total reflected power to the incident power from an optical fibre,
optical device, or optical system, and defined as Equation (1):
P
r
−10lg
(1)
P
i
where
P is the reflected power;
r
P is the incident power.
i
Note 1 to entry: When referring to a reflected power from an individual component, "reflectance" is the preferred
term.
Note 2 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the term "reflectance" is used for optical amplifiers only. The
term “optical return
...
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