EN 50400:2006
(Main)Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz - 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service
Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz - 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service
This basic standard applies to Base Stations as defined in Clause 4, operating in the frequency range 110 MHz to 40 GHz. The objective of this basic standard is to specify, for such equipment and when it is put into service in its operational environment, the methods to assess the value of the Total Exposure Ratio or to establish whether the Total Exposure Ratio is less than or equal to one in relevent areas where the general public has access.
Grundnorm zum Nachweis der Übereinstimmung von stationären Einrichtungen für Funkübertragungen (110 MHz bis 40 GHz), die zur Verwendung in schnurlosen Telekommunikationsnetzen vorgesehen sind, bei ihrer Inbetriebnahme mit den Basisgrenzwerten oder den Referenzwerten bezüglich der Exposition der Allgemeinbevölkerung gegenüber hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern
Diese Grundnorm gilt für Basisstationen entsprechend der Definition in Abschnitt 4, die im Frequenzbereich 110 MHz bis 40 GHz betrieben werden. Zweck dieser Grundnorm ist, für die Inbetriebnahme dieser Geräte und Einrichtungen in ihrer Betriebsumgebung das Verfahren festzulegen, nach dem der Wert des Gesamtexpositionsverhältnisses bewertet wird oder nach dem ermittelt wird, ob das Gesamtexpositionsverhältnis in zu berücksichtigenden Bereichen, zu denen die Algemeinbevölkerung Zugang hat, kleiner oder gleich 1 ist.
Norme de base pour démontrer la conformité des équipements fixes de transmission radio (110 MHz - 40 GHz) destinés à une utilisation dans les réseaux de communication sans fil, aux restrictions de base ou aux niveaux de référence relatives à l'exposition des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques de fréquence radio, lors de leur mise en service
La présente norme de base s’applique aux stations de base radio telles que définies dans l’Article 4, opérant dans la gamme de fréquence de 110 MHz à 40 GHz. L’objectif de cette norme est de spécifier pour de tels équipements et lors de leur mise en service dans leur environnement opérationnel, les méthodes pour évaluer la valeur du ratio d’exposition totale (TER) ou pour établir si le ratio d’exposition totale est inférieur ou égal à un dans les zones pertinentes auxquelles le public a accès.
Osnovni standard za prikaz skladnosti stacionarne opreme za radijski prenos (110 MHz–40 GHz), namenjene za uporabo v brezžičnih telekomunikacijskih omrežjih z osnovnimi ali izvedenimi mejnimi vrednostmi v povezavi z izpostavljenostjo prebivalstva elektromagnetnim sevanjem
Ta osnovni standard velja za bazne postaje, kot je določeno v točki 4, ki delujejo v frekvenčnem razponu od 110 MHz do 40 GHz. Cilj tega osnovnega standarda je za tako opremo, kadar je dana v uporabo v svojem delovnem okolju, določiti metode za ocenitev vrednosti celotnega razmerja izpostavljenosti ali ugotoviti, ali je celotno razmerje izpostavljenosti manjše ali enako tistemu v ustreznih področjih, kamor ima dostop širša javnost.
General Information
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 50400
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.220.20; 33.070.01
English version
Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment
for radio transmission (110 MHz - 40 GHz)
intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks
with the basic restrictions or the reference levels
related to general public exposure to radio frequency
electromagnetic fields, when put into service
Norme de base pour démontrer la Grundnorm zum Nachweis der
conformité des équipements fixes de Übereinstimmung von stationären
transmission radio (110 MHz - 40 GHz), Einrichtungen für Funkübertragungen
destinés à une utilisation dans les réseaux (110 MHz bis 40 GHz), die zur Verwendung
de communication sans fil, aux restrictions in schnurlosen Telekommunikationsnetzen
de base ou aux niveaux de référence vorgesehen sind, bei ihrer Inbetriebnahme
relatives à l'exposition des personnes mit den Basisgrenzwerten oder den
aux champs électromagnétiques Referenzwerten bezüglich der Exposition
de fréquence radio, lors de leur der Allgemeinbevölkerung gegenüber
mise en service hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen
Feldern
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-12-06. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 50400:2006 E
Foreword
This European Standard was prepared by Technical Committee CENELEC TC 106X,
Electromagnetic fields in the human environment.
The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 50400 on 2005-12-06.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-01-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-01-01
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
- 3 - EN 50400:2006
Contents
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Physical quantities, units and constants .6
3.1 Quantities.6
3.2 Constants.7
4 Terms and definitions .7
5 General process .12
5.1 Alternative routes to determine the total exposure ratio where the general public
has access .12
5.2 General method.12
5.2.1 Description of the general method .12
5.2.2 Comprehensive total exposure ratio assessment .14
5.3 Pre-analysis method.15
6 Determination of domains and relevant sources .16
6.1 Principle of relevance.16
6.2 Determination of domains.16
6.2.1 Relevant domain.16
6.2.2 Scatter domain .16
6.2.3 Domain of investigation .17
6.3 Determination of relevant sources .17
7 Calculation specifications .18
7.1 General .18
7.2 Calculation methods .19
7.2.1 Definition of equivalent free space conditions .19
7.2.2 Calculation methods in equivalent free space conditions .19
7.2.3 Calculation methods when equivalent free space conditions do not apply.19
7.3 Summation of exposure ratio estimated using calculation .22
8 Measurement specifications .22
8.1 General requirement .22
8.2 Exposure ratio measurement.23
8.2.1 Basic requirements.23
8.2.2 Conditions for the use of broadband measurements .23
8.2.3 Conditions for the use of frequency selective measurement.24
8.3 Summation of exposure ratios estimated using measurement.24
8.4 Uncertainty.24
9 TER assessment .25
10 Exposure assessment report .26
Annex A (informative) Examples of pre-analysis design guidelines .27
A.1 Purpose .27
A.2 Installations designed inclusive of a specified exposure ratio allowance for other
radio sources .27
A.3 Combined compliance boundaries .28
A.4 Installation designed so that a minimum build height is maintained at all
distances from the antenna less than the compliance boundary distance.33
A.5 Equipment Under Test with less than 10 W average EIRP .34
Annex B (informative) Simplified procedure to determine scatter domain and relevant
domain boundaries .36
B.1 Introduction .36
B.2 Analysis .36
Annex C (informative) Calculations under non-equivalent free space conditions .38
C.1 Introduction .38
C.2 Determination if an object is a significant reflector.39
C.3 Determination of power density multiplication factor in several domains .39
C.3.1 No line of sight from the radio source to the point of investigation .39
C.3.2 Reflecting surface to the side of the direct path from radio source to
point of investigation .40
C.3.3 Reflecting surface below the direct path from source to point of
investigation .40
C.3.4 Point of investigation between the radio source and reflecting surface.41
C.3.5 Radio source between reflecting surface and the point of investigation.42
C.3.6 Power density multiplication factor for use in summing multiple bands.42
C.4 Establishing total exposure ratio from a set of transmissions on different
frequencies .42
Annex D (informative) Selection of points of investigation for distant radio sources.44
D.1 Objective.44
D.2 Principles .44
D.3 Establish δr with respect to distance to radio source .44
D.3.1 Consider change of field strength with distance .44
D.3.2 Consider variation of field strength due to antenna directivity .45
D.3.3 Example 1 .45
D.3.4 Example 2 .46
D.4 Selecting points of investigation .46
Annex E (informative) A-deviations .47
Figures
Figure 1 – Alternative routes to determine the total exposure ratio where the general
public has access .12
Figure 2 – Overview of the general method to estimate the total exposure ratio .13
Figure 3 – Borders of a restricted area located in the domain of investigation .14
Figure 4 – Location of the three assessments for each point of investigation .15
Figure 5 – Representation of the relevant domain, domain of investigation, scatter domain
and the compliance boundary surrounding the antenna.17
Figure 6 – Calculation methodology .18
Figure 7 – Configurations used to identify positions of reflectors.20
Figure 8 – Establishing the PDMF.21
Figure A.1 – Compliance boundary extension due to proximity of other RF sources .29
Figure A.2 – Compliance boundaries merging due to proximity of other RF sources.29
Figure A.3 – Combined compliance boundaries around antennas on a head frame. .30
Figure A.4 – Significant parameters relating to antenna positioning and orientation .33
Figure B.1 – Relative field and exposure ratio relationships near an emitting antenna .36
Figure C.1 – Relative magnitude of reflected ray for polarisation normal and parallel to
reflecting surface .39
- 5 - EN 50400:2006
Figure D.1 - Change of field strength with distance .44
Figure D.2 - Variation of field strength due to antenna directivty .45
Tables
Table 1 – Maximum sampling step versus frequency.14
Table 2 – Uncertainty assessment .25
Table A.1 – Table of figures showing minimum distances separation multipliers .32
Table A.2 – Values for the compliance boundary
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