EN 50059:2018
(Main)Electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety requirements - Hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials
Electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety requirements - Hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials
1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements for hand-held or hand-operated electrostatic spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials which — do not generate an explosive atmosphere inside the spraying area; — are used to process materials with a conductivity of less than 2 000 µS/cm; — operate with direct current having a sinusoidal ripple of not more than 10 % of the rms value. This European Standard deals with all electrical hazards significant for the electrostatic spraying of non-ignitable liquid coating materials, which could also contain small quantities of added metal particles, if the work is carried out under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. This European Standard specifies the design-related and test requirements for electrostatic spraying equipment of type A-NL according to Table 1 of EN 50348:2010. 1.2 With regard to all other significant hazards relevant for applicators (e.g. ejection of fluids, mechanical strength, electrical - apart from electrostatic - hazards, noise, contact with or inhalation of dangerous substances, ergonomics) the requirements of EN 1953 apply. 1.3 This European Standard also gives details regarding quality assurance systems for electrostatic spraying equipment, see Annex D. 1.4 For electrostatic spraying equipment used in food and pharmaceutical industry, additional requirements may apply. 1.5 This document is not applicable to — electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN, — cleaning of spraying areas, see instruction manual of the spraying booth, — fire prevention and protection [for instance fire hazards due to other sources; see EN 12215, EN 12981], — requirements for machinery for the supply and recirculation of coating material under pressure [see EN 12621]. The requirements of EN 12621 apply for specific requirements for machinery for the supply and recirculation of coating materials under pressure.
Elektrostatische Handsprüheinrichtungen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Handsprüheinrichtungen für nichtentzündbare Beschichtungsstoffe
Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen für in der Hand gehaltene oder von Hand geführte elektrostatische Sprüheinrichtungen für nichtentzündbare flüssige Beschichtungsstoffe, die: – keine explosionsfähige Atmosphäre innerhalb des Sprühbereiches erzeugen; – zur Verarbeitung von Stoffen mit einer Leitfähigkeit von weniger als 2 000 S/cm verwendet werden; – mit Gleichstrom mit einer sinusförmigen Welligkeit von höchstens 10 % des Effektivwertes betrieben werden. Diese Europäische Norm behandelt alle elektrischen Gefährdungen, die für den elektrostatischen Sprühauf-trag von nichtentzündbaren Beschichtungsstoffen, die auch geringe Mengen an zugesetzten Metallpartikel enthalten können, von Bedeutung sind, wenn unter Bedingungen, die der Hersteller empfiehlt, gearbeitet wird. Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen für Konstruktion und Prüfung von elektrostatischen Sprüh-einrichtungen des Typ A-NL nach EN 50348:2010, Tabelle 1 fest. 1.2 Bezüglich aller anderen für Auftragseinrichtungen signifikanten Gefährdungen (z. B. Herausspritzen von Flüssigkeiten, mechanische Festigkeit, elektrische – ausgenommen elektrostatische – Gefährdungen, Lärm, Kontakt mit oder Einatmen von schädlichen Stoffen, Ergonomie) gelten die Anforderungen von EN 1953. 1.3 Diese Europäische Norm enthält auch Einzelheiten zu Qualitätssicherungssystemen für elektro-statische Sprüheinrichtungen, siehe Anhang D. 1.4 Für elektrostatische Sprüheinrichtungen, die in der Lebensmittel- und Pharmaindustrie eingesetzt werden, können zusätzliche Anforderungen gelten. 1.5 Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf: – elektrostatische Handsprüheinrichtungen für nichtentzündbare Beschichtungsstoffe, die vor dem Erscheinen dieses Dokuments als Europäische Norm, hergestellt wurden; – die Reinigung von Sprühbereichen, siehe Betriebsanleitung der Lackierkabine; – den Brandschutz [z. B. Brandgefahren durch andere Quellen, siehe EN 12215, EN 12981]; – Anforderungen an Förder und Umlaufanlagen für Beschichtungsstoffe unter Druck [siehe EN 12621]. Für Förder- und Umlaufanlagen für Beschichtungsstoffe unter Druck gelten die spezifischen Anforderungen von EN 12621.
Équipement manuel de projection électrostatique - Exigences de sécurité - Équipement manuel de projection de revêtement ininflammable
1.1 La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives aux équipements portatifs ou manuels de projection électrostatique de produits liquides de revêtement ininflammables qui - ne génèrent pas d'atmosphère explosive au sein de l'emplacement de projection; - sont utilisés pour traiter les matériaux ayant une conductivité inférieure à 2 000 µS/cm; - fonctionnent en courant continu avec une ondulation sinusoïdale inférieure ou égale à 10 % de la valeur efficace. La présente Norme européenne traite de tous les dangers électriques importants concernant la projection électrostatique de produits liquides de revêtement ininflammables pouvant également comporter de petites quantités de particules de métal supplémentaires, si la tâche est réalisée dans les conditions recommandées par le constructeur. La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la conception et les exigences d'essai des équipements de projection électrostatique de type A-NL, conformément au Tableau 1 de l'EN 50348:2010. 1.2 Les exigences de l'EN 1953 s'appliquent pour tous les autres dangers significatifs concernant les applicateurs (par exemple, éjection de fluides, résistance mécanique, dangers électriques (à l’exception des dangers électrostatiques), bruit, contact avec ou inhalation des substances dangereuses, ergonomie). 1.3 La présente Norme européenne fournit également des informations détaillées concernant les systèmes d'assurance qualité des équipements de projection électrostatique, voir l'Annexe D. 1.4 Pour les équipements de projection électrostatique utilisés dans l'industrie alimentaire et dans l'industrie pharmaceutique, des exigences supplémentaires peuvent s'appliquer. 1.5 Le présent document ne s'applique pas - aux équipements portatifs de projection électrostatique de revêtement ininflammable fabriqués avant sa date de publication comme EN, - au nettoyage des emplacements de projection, voir le manuel d'instructions de la cabine de projection, - à la prévention et la protection contre le feu [par exemple dangers d'incendie dus à d’autres sources; voir l'EN 12215 et l'EN 12981], - aux exigences relatives aux machines d'alimentation et de circulation de produits de revêtement sous pression [voir l'EN 12621]. Les exigences de l'EN 12621 s'appliquent aux exigences spécifiques applicables aux machines d'alimentation et de circulation de produits de revêtement sous pression.
Oprema za ročno elektrostatično brizganje - Varnostne zahteve - Ročna oprema za brizganje nevnetljivih premazov
1.1 Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za ročno opremo za elektrostatično brizganje nevnetljivih premazov, ki
– ne ustvarjajo eksplozivne atmosfere na območju brizganja;
– se uporabljajo za obdelavo materialov s prevodnostjo manj kot 2000 μS/cm;
– delujejo z enosmernim tokom s sinusoidnim valovanjem, ki ne presega 10 % efektivne vrednosti.
Ta evropski standard zajema vse električne nevarnosti, ki se pojavijo pri elektrostatičnem brizganju nevnetljivih tekočih materialov, ki lahko vsebujejo tudi manjše količine dodanih kovinskih delcev, če se delo izvaja pod pogoji, ki jih priporoča proizvajalec.
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve, povezane z zasnovo in preskušanjem, za elektrostatično opremo za brizganje vrste A–NL v skladu s tabelo 1 standarda EN 50348:2010.
1.2. Vse ostale večje nevarnosti, povezane z opremo za nanašanje (npr. nanašanje tekočin, mehanska trdnost, nevarnosti zaradi elektrike (razen elektrostatičnih nevarnosti), hrup, stik z nevarnimi snovmi ali njihovo vdihavanje, ergonomika), so zajete v standardu EN 1953.
1.3 Ta evropski standard navaja tudi podrobnosti glede sistemov zagotavljanja kakovosti za opremo za elektrostatično brizganje.
1.4 Za opremo za elektrostatično brizganje, ki se uporablja v živilski in farmacevtski industriji, lahko veljajo dodatne zahteve.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Elektrostatische Handsprüheinrichtungen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Handsprüheinrichtungen für nichtentzündbare BeschichtungsstoffeEquipement manuel de projection électrostatique - Exigences de sécurité - Equipement manuel de projection de revêtement ininflammableElectrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety requirements - Hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials87.100Oprema za nanašanje premazovPaint coating equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 50059:2018SIST EN 50059:2018en01-oktober-2018SIST EN 50059:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 50059:20011DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 50059:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 50059
July 2018 ICS 87.100
Supersedes
EN 50059:1990
English Version
Electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety requirements - Hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials
Équipement manuel de projection électrostatique - Exigences de sécurité - Équipement manuel de projection de revêtement ininflammable
Elektrostatische Handsprüheinrichtungen - Sicherheitsanforderungen - Handsprüheinrichtungen für nichtentzündbare Beschichtungsstoffe This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-01-02. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels © 2018 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 50059:2018 E SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 0 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9 3.1 Terms and definitions . 9 3.2 Symbols . 11 4 Requirements for hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials . 12 4.1 General requirements . 12 4.2 Requirements for the accessories . 14 5 Tests . 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 General tests . 15 5.2.1 Test of earth connections . 15 5.2.2 Resistance test . 15 5.2.3 Test of contact surface area . 15 5.2.4 Test of OFF-position . 15 5.3 Conditioning test. 15 5.3.1 Cable pull test and hose pull test . 15 5.3.2 Impact test . 15 5.3.3 Drop test . 16 5.4 Tests for electrical safety . 16 5.4.1 Measurement of the parameters high voltage and short-circuit current . 16 5.4.2 Voltage test . 16 5.4.3 Test of the degree of protection of applicators . 16 5.5 Test of the peak current values of discharges IC (p) with their associated pulse durations ti . 16 5.6 Tests of the accessories . 17 5.6.1 Test of the degree of protection . 17 5.6.2 Test of the coating material supply system . 17 6 Information for use . 17 6.1 General . 17 6.2 Instruction manual. 17 6.2.1 General . 17 6.2.2 Cleaning, maintenance and repair . 18 6.2.3 Test intervals of repeated tests . 18 6.2.4 Additional information . 18 6.3 Marking of electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment and associated control devices . 19 SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 3 6.3.1 Marking of applicators . 19 6.3.2 Marking of the associated control devices . 19 6.3.3 Reduced marking . 20 Annex A (normative)
Test of a discharge with the peak current value IC (p) and the pulse duration ti (type test) . 21 Annex B (informative)
Example for discharge test . 24 Annex C (informative)
Ignitability of water-based paints . 26 Annex D (informative)
Quality assurance systems for electrostatic spraying equipment . 28 Annex ZZ (informative)
Relationship between this European standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 30 Bibliography . 31
Tables Table 1 — Test intervals . 18 Table ZZ.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive 2006/42/EC . 30
Figures Figure 1 — Pulse duration - body current, ventricular fibrillation risk . 12 Figure A.1 — Equivalent circuit diagram . 22 Figure A.2 — Schematic discharge curve . 23 Figure B.1 — Discharge plot . 24
SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E)
4 European foreword This document (EN 50059:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN-CENELEC/TC 204 “pafety of electrostatic painting and finishing equipment”. The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement bdop) 2M19-M1-2q • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn bdow) 2M21-Mq-2q qhis document supersedes bN oMMo9:199M. bN oMMo9:2M18 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to bN oMMo9:199M: — modification of the title of the standard; — extension of introduction; — extension of normative references; — extension of terms and definitions; — new arrangement, amendment and complement of the requirements for hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials; — definition of requirements for safety functions; — new arrangement, amendment and complement of tests for hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials; — new arrangement and extension of the information for use; — definition of requirements for repeated tests; — introduction of the normative Annex A "Test of a discharge with the peak current value IC (p) and the pulse duration ti (type test)"; — introduction of the informative Annex B “bxample for discharge test”; — introduction of the informative Annex C “fgnitability of water-based paints”; — introduction of the informative Annex D “nuality assurance systems for electrostatic spraying equipment”; — introduction of the informative Annex ZZ “oelationship between this European standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered". Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 5 This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this document. SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E)
6 0 Introduction 0.1 Process During the electrostatic coating process the non-ignitable liquid coating material is transported from a reservoir to an applicator where it is atomised by mechanical forces and by the influence of an electric field. The coating material is charged by high voltage of some 10 kV and a spray cloud is generated. The charged droplets of the coating materials are attracted by and applied to the earthed workpiece. Droplets of the coating material, which are not applied to the workpiece (overspray) are removed by a suction device or by other means. After the coating process the coated workpieces are introduced into a dryer or oven where a dry film of coating material is generated. 0.2 Fire hazards 0.2.1 Fire hazards can be caused by deposits of coating materials inside the spray booth, exhaust air ducts, the recovery system for coating materials, and filters. During operation, malfunctions or electrical faults may cause ignition of these residues. The propagation of the fire leads to hazards also in adjacent areas. 0.2.2 Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of electrostatic charges on different surfaces, which are in the vicinity of the spray cloud. This could apply both to workpieces during the coating process or the reciprocating devices and the mounting parts of the spraying system, etc. 0.2.3 When spraying non-ignitable coating material, the formation of an explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur. Electrostatic application equipment for ignitable coating materials are covered by EN 50050-1, EN 50050-2 and EN 50050-3. 0.3 Electric hazards 0.3.1 Electric shock (by direct or indirect contact) can be generated, for instance, by contact with — live parts, which are not insulated for operational reasons, — conductive parts, which are not connected to dangerous voltage during normal operation, but only in case of failure, — insulated live parts with insufficient or damaged insulation due to external impact, — charged passive parts with inadequate earthing. 0.3.2 Inadequate earthing may occur, for instance, due to — faulty connections to the protective earthing system, — a too high resistance to earth (e.g. contamination by coating materials). 0.3.3 Hazards could occur, for instance, if hazardous malfunctions (e.g. shortcut of electronic safety circuits) occur due to interferences of the electrostatic high voltage equipment and the components of the control and safety systems. 0.3.4 Hazardous electrostatic discharges could be generated, for instance, by non-earthed conductive components or by large insulating surfaces, especially if they are backed with conductive material. SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 7 0.3.5 Ventricular fibrillation is the primary risk of electric shock. The undercut of the current/time limit and the fibrillation limit are proven by current and time measurement. In this standard, I(t) is used as a measure for falling below the current/time limit and the fibrillation limit. It is comparable to the amount of current
or the specific fibrillation energy in accordance with IEC/TS 60479-1 and IEC TS 60479-2. A power limit as given in the standards EN 50176, EN 50177, EN 50223 and EN 50348 is not applicable in this standard due to the characteristics of the equipment and the resulting hazard of electric current. SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E)
8 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements for hand-held or hand-operated electrostatic spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials which — do not generate an explosive atmosphere inside the spraying area; — are used to process materials with a conductivity of less than 2 000 µS/cm; — operate with direct current having a sinusoidal ripple of not more than 10 % of the rms value. This European Standard deals with all electrical hazards significant for the electrostatic spraying of non-ignitable liquid coating materials, which could also contain small quantities of added metal particles, if the work is carried out under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. This European Standard specifies the design-related and test requirements for electrostatic spraying equipment of type A-NL according to Table 1 of EN 50348:2010. 1.2 With regard to all other significant hazards relevant for applicators (e.g. ejection of fluids, mechanical strength, electrical - apart from electrostatic - hazards, noise, contact with or inhalation of dangerous substances, ergonomics) the requirements of EN 1953 apply. 1.3 This European Standard also gives details regarding quality assurance systems for electrostatic spraying equipment, see Annex D. 1.4 For electrostatic spraying equipment used in food and pharmaceutical industry, additional requirements may apply. 1.5 This document is not applicable to — electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN, — cleaning of spraying areas, see instruction manual of the spraying booth, — fire prevention and protection [for instance fire hazards due to other sources; see EN 12215, EN 12981], — requirements for machinery for the supply and recirculation of coating material under pressure [see EN 12621]. The requirements of EN 12621 apply for specific requirements for machinery for the supply and recirculation of coating materials under pressure. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1149-5, Protective clothing - Electrostatic properties - Part 5: Material performance and design requirements EN 1953, Atomising and spraying equipment for coating materials - Safety requirements EN 12215, Coating plants - Spray booths for application of organic liquid coating materials - Safety requirements SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 9 EN 12621, Machinery for the supply and circulation of coating materials under pressure - Safety requirements EN 50348:2010, Stationary electrostatic application equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating material - Safety requirements EN 60079-7:2007, Explosive atmospheres - Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety "e" (IEC 60079-7:2006) EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1) EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529) EN 62061, Safety of machinery - Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems (IEC 62061) EN ISO 12100, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100) EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1) EN ISO 20344, Personal protective equipment - Test methods for footwear (ISO 20344) 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 hand-held spraying equipment hand-held or hand-operated equipment for electrostatic coating using non-ignitable liquid coating materials, generally comprising the following parts: — applicator; — coating material supply system; — control device; — high voltage supply system; — connecting cable 3.1.2 connecting cable electric cable to the applicator or charging device for liquid coating material 3.1.3 earthing device device for earthing the electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment permanently 3.1.4 spraying device outlet opening for the coating material of the applicator Note 1 to entry: Spraying devices may be constructed as nozzle or bell type. SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E)
10 3.1.5 high voltage electrode conductive part, which is at high voltage and serves to directly or indirectly charging of the coating material 3.1.6 control device device generally having the following functions: — control of, for instance, the coating material supply system and the control air Note 1 to entry: A combination of the control device and the high voltage supply according to 3.1.8 is possible. 3.1.7 applicator equipment for application of coating material that comprises the following parts in general: — if applicable, high voltage electrode; — high voltage supply (as far as integrated into the applicator); — housing; — spraying device; — exchangeable attachment parts (e.g. nozzles, extensions, angular pieces, etc.); — if applicable, battery unit (integrated fixedly, or attached) 3.1.8 high voltage supply for applicators high voltage supply comprising the following parts in general: — low voltage section with devices for switching on and off the hand-held spraying equipment and for adjustment, control, regulation, limitation and monitoring of current and voltage, as well as the required connecting cables; — high voltage generator 3.1.9 spraying area area, closed or not, in which the coating material is applied to the workpiece by the hand-held spraying equipment 3.1.10 dangerous discharge discharge which generates a hazard of electric shock 3.1.11 coating material supply system coating material supply system that comprises the following in general: — reservoir for coating materials; — dosing and mixing devices for coating materials; — supply lines for coating materials; — devices for drive, control and monitoring supply of coating materials; — charging device for liquid coating material SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 11 3.1.12 workpiece article to which the coating material is applied 3.1.13 non-ignitable liquid coating materials (coating material) liquids and varnishes which cannot be ignited by an effective ignition source during spraying Note 1 to entry: A formula for the estimation of ignitability on the basis of the composition of the liquid coating material is given in Annex C. 3.1.14 antistatic footwear footwear that has a resistance to earth via its sole, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic charges capable to produce a dangerous discharge Note 1 to entry: See EN ISO 20344. Note 2 to entry: A required electric insulating resistance to prevent electric shocks is not contradictory to this definition. 3.1.15 antistatic clothes clothes that have a resistance to earth, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic charges capable of a dangerous discharge Note 1 to entry: See EN 1149–5. Note 2 to entry: A required electric insulating resistance to prevent electric shocks is not contradictory to this definition. 3.1.16 antistatic floor floor that has a resistance to earth, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic charges capable to produce a dangerous discharge 3.1.17 accessories accessories are all devices, components and other equipment, except for 3.1.7 of this standard 3.1.18 repeated test test of the hand-held spraying equipment, including all accessories, to be carried out at regular intervals 3.2 Symbols Umax maximum outlet voltage of the high-voltage generator Imax maximum outlet current of the high-voltage generator IB rms body current (RMS) flowing from the hand to both feet IC (p) peak current value of a discharge caused by the hand-held spraying equipment ti time period, in which the peak current value IC (p) is dropped to 5 % of its value, but not less than 500 mA T time constant of a discharge SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E)
12 4 Requirements for hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 Hand-held spraying equipment shall be designed and constructed that both — in case of long-time contact (> 1 s) of live parts and charged passive parts, the short-circuit current flowing through the user does not exceed the maximum of 30 mA DC (see 5.4.1.2), and — in case of discharge times of less than 10 ms from live parts and charged passive parts the body current with the value IB rms of a discharge does not exceed the boundary line C1 of Figure 1 (see 5.5, 5.6.2 and Annex A and Annex B). NOTE 1 A discharge in the timeframe between 10 ms and 1 s does not occur in this type of equipment.
Figure 1 — Pulse duration - body current, ventricular fibrillation risk SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E) 13 The curves indicate the probability of ventricular fibrillation risk for current flowing through the body from the left hand to both feet. Below C1: no ventricular fibrillation (safety limit) Above C1 up to C2: low risk of ventricular fibrillation (up to 5 % of probability); Above C2 up to C3: average risk of ventricular fibrillation (up to 50 % of probability); Above C3: high risk of ventricular fibrillation (more than 50 % probability). NOTE 2 Findings from electrical accidents lead to the conclusion that the risk of ventricular fibrillation generally exists particularly with long-time longitudinal flow (hand to feet). When using electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment, it can be assumed a less dangerous cross flow (hand to hand). This is considered in the calculation of the effective body current value. 4.1.2 All conductive parts of the hand-held spraying equipment which are not at high voltage potential shall be earthed. Earthing of conductive parts inside the hand-held spraying equipment can be neglected if hazardous discharges have been prevented by design. Conductive parts connected to measuring and control circuits shall be earthed with a resistance of ≤ 100 voltage for operational reasons shall be bonded to each other in a conductive way. 4.1.3 Applicators shall meet the applicable requirements of EN 1953. 4.1.4 Electrical connecting cables shall be connected to the applicator or associated equipment in a secured way. Requirements of 5.3.1 shall be fulfilled. 4.1.5 The handle of the applicator shall have a contact surface area of conductive material of at least 20 cm2. This contact surface area shall be earthed, and the resistance to earth shall not exceed 1
4.1.6 Operating triggers of the applicators shall be biased to the OFF-position. In this position, the coating material supply system shall be cut-off immediately, and the high voltage supply shall be cut-off. For high voltage supplies having several outlets, the cut-off function shall be ensured for each outlet/applicator individually. 4.1.7 Applicators shall have an earth connection. The resistance to earth shall not exceed 1 The connection shall be designed in accordance with 4.2.1 of EN 60079-7:2007. 4.1.8 All components shall be designed, arranged and built in to not impair the safety of the electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment. Examples are spray nozzles, material supply hoses, cables of the earthing system, resistances, mechanical and other electrical or electronic components. Insulating materials of parts under high voltage shall be constructed according to the operation, transport and storage conditions. 4.1.9 The electric equipment not connected to the high voltage system shall comply with EN 60204-1. 4.1.10 If electric limiting components (e.g. resistances) and mechanical limiting components (e.g. material supply hoses) are used, they shall be designed in such a way that they are protected from damage. This can be fulfilled for electric limiting components by switching off the applicator automatically. As an alternative all electric limiting components shall withstand a short-circuit between the high voltage electrode and earth for 5 min. Furthermore, the degree of protection shall remain unchanged. For mechanical limiting components this can be fulfilled e.g. by appropriate construction of hose connections, which prevents the use of non-original spare parts. SIST EN 50059:2018
EN 50059:2018 (E)
14 4.1.11 All electrical components of the applicator, other than the spraying device shall be constructed at least equivalent with IP54 of EN 60529.
4.1.12 Electrical cables connected to the applicator shall have an earthed shielding. 4.1.13 High voltage cable shall pass the tests of 5.3.1 and 5.4.2.1. 4.1.14 Material supply hose under high voltage connected to the applicator shall have an earthed shielding. See also EN 12621. 4.1.15 Material supply hose under high voltage shall pass the tests of 5.3.1 and 5.4.2.2. 4.1.16 It shall be ensured that parameters specified in 4.1.1 are observed under any operating conditions. Faults of the high voltage supply for applicators shall be considered. Safety functions (monitoring functions) shall meet the requirements of SIL 2 (e.g. according to EN 62061) or PL d (e.g. according to EN ISO 13849-1). Alternatively, this safety level will be reached if — the parameters specified in 4.1.1 will be limited by the diameter and the length of the material supply hose under high voltage and be limited by the maximum design short-circuit current; — the values for the outlet high voltage according to 5.4.1.1 will be limited by two Zener diodes or equivalent parts (e.g. power semiconductors) loaded up to two-thirds of the maximum rated current in the case of failure. In general, the fail-safe principle shall be applied. In case of failure of the safety functions the hand-held spraying equipment shall be led in a safe state. 4.1.17 Hand-held spraying equipment shall be equipped with a
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 50059:2016
01-julij-2016
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Electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety requirements - Hand-held spraying
equipment for non-ignitable coating materials
Elektrostatische Handsprüheinrichtungen - Sicherheitsanforderungen -
Handsprüheinrichtungen für nichtentzündbare Beschichtungsstoffe
Equipement manuel de projection électrostatique - Exigences de sécurité - Equipement
manuel de projection de revêtement ininflammable
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 50059
ICS:
87.100 Oprema za nanašanje Paint coating equipment
premazov
oSIST prEN 50059:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 50059:2016
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oSIST prEN 50059:2016
EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
prEN 50059
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2016
ICS 87.100 Will supersede EN 50059:1990
English Version
Electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment - Safety
requirements - Hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable
coating materials
Equipement manuel de projection électrostatique - Elektrostatische Handsprüheinrichtungen -
Exigences de sécurité - Equipement manuel de projection Sicherheitsanforderungen - Handsprüheinrichtungen für
de revêtement ininflammable nichtentzündbare Beschichtungsstoffe
This draft European Standard is submitted to CENELEC members for enquiry.
Deadline for CENELEC: 2016-08-05.
It has been drawn up by CLC/TC 204.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to
the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Project: 58819 Ref. No. prEN 50059 E
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1 Contents
2 European foreword . 4
3 0 Introduction . 5
4 0.1 Process . 5
5 0.2 Fire hazards . 5
6 0.3 Electric hazards . 5
7 1 Scope . 7
8 2 Normative references . 7
9 3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 8
10 3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
11 3.2 Symbols . 10
12 4 Requirements for hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials . 11
13 4.1 General requirements . 11
14 4.2 Requirements for the accessories . 13
15 5 Tests . 13
16 5.1 General . 13
17 5.2 General tests . 14
18 5.2.1 Test of earth connections . 14
19 5.2.2 Resistance test . 14
20 5.2.3 Test of contact surface area . 14
21 5.2.4 Test of OFF-position. 14
22 5.3 Conditioning test . 14
23 5.3.1 Cable pull test and hose pull test . 14
24 5.3.2 Impact test . 14
25 5.3.3 Drop test . 14
26 5.4 Tests for electrical safety . 15
27 5.4.1 Measurement of the parameters high voltage and short-circuit current . 15
28 5.4.2 Voltage test . 15
29 5.4.3 Test of the degree of protection of applicators . 15
30 5.5 Test of the peak current values of discharges I with their associated pulse durations
C (p)
31 t . 15
i
32 5.6 Tests of the accessories . 15
33 5.6.1 Test of the degree of protection . 15
34 5.6.2 Test of the coating material supply system . 16
35 6 Information for use . 16
36 6.1 General . 16
37 6.2 Instruction manual. 16
38 6.2.1 General . 16
39 6.2.2 Cleaning, maintenance and repair . 16
40 6.2.3 Test intervals of repeated tests . 17
41 6.2.4 Additional information . 17
42 6.3 Marking of electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment and associated control devices . 18
43 6.3.1 Marking of applicators . 18
44 6.3.2 Marking of the associated control devices . 18
45 Annex A (normative) Test of a discharge with the peak current value I and the pulse duration
C(p)
46 t (type test) . 19
i
47 Annex B (informative) Example for discharge test . 22
48 Annex C (informative) Ignitability of water-based paints . 23
49 C.1 General . 23
50 C.2 Non-ignitable . 23
51 C.3 Hard to ignite . 23
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52 C.4 Ignitable . 23
53 Annex D (informative) Quality assurance systems for electrostatic spraying equipment . 25
54 D.1 General . 25
55 D.2 Electrical assembly . 25
56 D.3 Mechanical assembly . 26
57 D.4 Tests . 26
58 Annex ZZ (informative) Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives . 27
59 Bibliography . 28
60
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61 European foreword
62 This document (prEN 50059:2016) has been prepared by CLC/TC 204 “Safety of electrostatic painting and
63 finishing equipment”.
64 This document is currently submitted to the Enquiry.
65 The following dates are proposed:
• latest date by which the existence of (doa) dor + 6 months
this document has to be announced
at national level
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) dor + 12 months
implemented at national level by publication of
an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) dor + 36 months
conflicting with this document have to (to be confirmed or
be withdrawn modified when voting)
66 This document will supersede EN 50059:1990.
67 The significant changes with respect to EN 50059:1990 are as listed below:
68 — modification of the title of the standard;
69 — extension of introduction;
70 — extension of normative references;
71 — extension of terms and definitions;
72 — new arrangement, amendment and complement of the requirements for hand-held spraying equipment
73 for non-ignitable liquid coating materials;
74 — definition of requirements for safety functions;
75 — new arrangement amendment and complement of tests for hand-held spraying equipment for non-
76 ignitable liquid coating materials;
77 — new arrangement and extension of the information for use;
78 — definition of requirements for repeated tests;
79 — introduction of the normative Annex A ” Test of a discharge with the peak current value I and the
C(p)
80 pulse duration t (type test) “;
i
81 — introduction of the informative Annex B “Example for discharge test”;
82 — introduction of the informative Annex C “Ignitability of water-based paints”;
83 — introduction of the informative Annex D “Quality assurance systems for electrostatic spraying
84 equipment”;
85 — introduction of the informative Annex ZZ “Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC directives.
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86 0 Introduction
87 0.1 Process
88 During the electrostatic coating process the non-ignitable coating material is transported from a reservoir to
89 an applicator where it is atomised by mechanical forces and by the influence of an electric field. The coating
90 material is charged by high voltage of some 10 kV and a spray cloud is generated. The charged
91 parts/droplets of the coating materials are attracted by and applied to the earthed workpiece.
92 Parts/droplets of the coating material, which are not applied to the workpiece (overspray) are removed by a
93 suction device or by other means.
94 After the coating process the coated workpieces are introduced into a dryer or oven where a dry film of
95 coating material is generated.
96 0.2 Fire hazards
97 0.2.1 Fire hazards can be caused by deposits of coating materials inside the spray booth, exhaust air
98 ducts, the recovery system for coating materials, and filters. During operation, malfunctions or electrical
99 faults may cause ignition of these residues. This is especially true for spray booths where electrostatic
100 coating takes place. The fast propagation of the fire leads to hazards also in adjacent areas.
101 0.2.2 Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of electrostatic charges on different surfaces,
102 which are in the vicinity of the spray cloud. This could apply to workpieces during the coating process or the
103 reciprocating devices and the mounting parts of the spraying system, etc.
104 0.2.3 When spraying non-ignitable coating material, the formation of an explosive atmosphere is not likely
105 to occur. Electrostatic application equipment for ignitable coating materials are covered by EN 50050-1,
106 EN 50050-2 and EN 50050-3.
107 0.3 Electric hazards
108 0.3.1 Electric shock (by direct or indirect contact) can be generated, for instance, by contact with
109 – live parts, which are not insulated for operational reasons,
110 – conductive parts, which are not connected to dangerous voltage during normal operation, but only in
111 case of failure,
112 – insulated live parts with insufficient or damaged insulation due to external impact.
113 0.3.2 Inadequate earthing may occur, for instance, due to
114 – faulty connections to the protective earthing system,
115 – a too high resistance to earth (e.g. contamination by coating materials).
116 0.3.3 Hazards could occur, for instance, if hazardous malfunctions (e.g. shortcut of electronic safety
117 circuits) occur due to interferences of the electrostatic high voltage equipment and the components of the
118 control and safety systems.
119 0.3.4 Hazardous electrostatic discharges could be generated, for instance, by non-earthed conductive
120 components or by large insulating surfaces, especially if they are backed with conductive material.
121 0.3.5 Ventricular fibrillation is the primary risk of electric shock. The undercut of the current limit and the
122 fibrillation limits are proven by current and time measurement. In this standard, I is used as a measure for
(t)
123 falling below the current limit and the fibrillation limits. It is comparable to the amount of current 𝐼𝐼 𝑡 or the
2
124 specific fibrillation energy 𝐼 𝐼 𝑡 in accordance with IEC/TS 60479-1 and IEC/TS 60479-2. A power limit as
125 given in the standards EN 50176, EN 50177, EN 50223 and EN 50348 is not applicable in this standard due
126 to the characteristics of the equipment and the resulting hazard of electric current.
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127 0.3.6 Permanent flow through the body with direct current may lead to warming of body parts (reversible
128 burns?). Beginning and interruption of current flow can be harmful and cause crampy muscle contractions.
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129 1 Scope
130 1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements for hand-held or hand-operated electrostatic
131 spraying equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating materials which
132 — do not generate an explosive atmosphere inside the spraying area;
133 — are used to process materials with a conductivity of less than 2000 µS/cm;
134 — operate with direct current having a sinusoidal ripple of not more than 10 % of the rms value.
135 This European Standard deals with all electrical hazards significant for the electrostatic spraying of non-
136 ignitable liquid coating materials, which could also contain small quantities of added metal particles, if
137 the work is carried out under conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
138 This European Standard specifies the design-related and test requirements for electrostatic spraying
139 equipment of type A-NL according to Table 1 of EN 50348:2010.
140 1.2 With regard to all other significant hazards relevant for applicators (e.g. ejection of fluids, mechanical
141 strength, electrical (apart from electrostatic) hazards, noise, contract with or inhalation of dangerous
142 substances, ergonomics) the requirements of EN 1953 applies.
143 1.3 This European Standard also gives details regarding quality assurance systems for electrostatic
144 spraying equipment, see Annex D.
145 1.4 For electrostatic spraying equipment used in food and pharmaceutical industry, additional
146 requirements may apply.
147 1.5 This European Standard does not apply to
148 — electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating materials which are placed on the
149 market before the date of publication of this European Standard
150 — cleaning of spraying areas, see instruction manual of the spraying booth,
151 — fire prevention and protection [for instance fire hazards due to other sources; see EN 12215, EN 12981],
152 — requirements for machinery for the supply and recirculation of coating material under pressure
153 [see EN 12621].
154 The requirements of EN 12621 apply for specific requirements for machinery for the supply and recirculation
155 of coating materials under pressure.
156 2 Normative references
157 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
158 indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
159 the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
160 EN 1149-5, Protective clothing – Electrostatic properties – Part 5: Material performance and design
161 requirements
162 EN 1953, Atomising and spraying equipment for coating materials – Safety requirements
163 EN 12215, Coating plants – Spray booths for application of organic liquid coating materials – Safety
164 requirements
165 EN 50348:2010, Stationary electrostatic application equipment for non-ignitable liquid coating material –
166 Safety requirements
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167 EN 60079-7:2007, Explosive atmospheres – Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety “e” (IEC
168 60079-7:2006)
169 EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements (IEC
170 60204-1)
171 EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529)
172 EN 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable
173 electronic control systems (IEC 62061)
174 EN ISO 12100, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
175 (ISO 12100)
176 EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles
177 for design (ISO 13849-1)
178 EN ISO 20344, Personal protective equipment – Test methods for footwear (ISO 20344)
179 3 Terms, definitions and symbols
180 3.1 Terms and definitions
181 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
182 3.1.1
183 hand-held spraying equipment
184 hand-held or hand-operated equipment for electrostatic coating using non-ignitable liquid coating materials,
185 generally comprising the following parts:
186 — applicator;
187 — coating material supply system;
188 — control device;
189 — high voltage supply system;
190 — connecting cable
191 3.1.2
192 connecting cable
193 electric cable to the applicator or charging device for liquid coating material
194 3.1.3
195 earthing device
196 device for earthing the electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment permanently
197 3.1.4
198 spraying device
199 outlet opening for the coating materials
200 3.1.5
201 high voltage electrode
202 conductive part, which is at high voltage and serves to directly or indirectly charging of the coating material
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203 3.1.6
204 control device
205 device generally having the following functions:
206 — control of, for instance, the coating material supply system and the control air
207 Note 1 to entry: A combination of the control device and the high voltage supply according to 3.1.8 is possible.
208 3.1.7
209 applicator
210 equipment for application of coating materials that comprises the following parts in general:
211 — if applicable, high voltage electrode;
212 — high voltage supply (as far as integrated into the applicator);
213 — housing;
214 — spraying device;
215 — exchangeable attachment parts (e.g. nozzles, extensions, angular pieces, etc.);
216 — if applicable, battery unit (integrated fixedly, or attached)
217 3.1.8
218 high voltage supply for applicators
219 high voltage supply comprising the following parts in general:
220 — low voltage section with devices for switching on and off the hand-held spraying equipment and for
221 adjustment, control, regulation, limitation and monitoring of current and voltage, as well as the required
222 connecting cables;
223 — high voltage generator
224 3.1.9
225 spraying area
226 area, closed or not, in which the coating material is applied to the workpiece by the hand-held spraying
227 equipment
228 3.1.10
229 dangerous discharge
230 discharge which generates a hazard of electric shock
231 3.1.11
232 coating material supply system
233 coating material supply system that comprises the following in general:
234 — reservoir for coating materials;
235 — dosing and mixing devices for coating materials;
236 — supply lines for coating materials;
237 — devices for drive, control and monitoring supply of coating materials;
238 — charging device for liquid coating material
239 3.1.12
240 workpiece
241 article to which the coating material is applied
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242 3.1.13
243 non-ignitable liquid coating materials (coating material)
244 liquids and varnishes which cannot be ignited by an effective ignition source during spraying
245 Note 1 to entry: A formula for the estimation of ignitability on the basis of the composition of the liquid coating
246 material is given in Annex C.
247 3.1.14
248 antistatic footwear
249 footwear that has a resistance to earth via its sole, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of
250 electrostatic charges capable to produce an dangerous discharge
251 Note 1 to entry: See EN ISO 20344.
252 Note 2 to entry: A required electric insulating resistance to prevent electric shocks is not contradictory to this
253 definition.
254 3.1.15
255 antistatic clothes
256 clothes that have a resistance to earth, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic charges
257 capable of an dangerous discharge
258 Note 1 to entry: See EN 1149–5.
259 Note 2 to entry: A required electric insulating resistance to prevent electric shocks is not contradictory to this
260 definition.
261 3.1.16
262 antistatic floor
263 floor that has a resistance to earth, which is low enough to prevent the build-up of electrostatic charges
264 capable to produce an dangerous discharge
265 3.1.17
266 accessories
267 accessories are all devices, components and other equipment, except for 3.1.7 of this standard
268 3.1.18
269 repeated test
270 test of the hand-held spraying equipment, including all accessories, to be carried out at regular intervals
271 3.2 Symbols
U maximum outlet voltage of the high-voltage generator
max
I maximum outlet current of the high-voltage generator
max
I body current (RMS) flowing from the hand to both feet’s
B rms
I peak current value of a discharge caused by the hand-held spraying equipment
C (p)
t time period, in which the peak current value I is dropped to 5% of its value, but not less than 500
i C(p)
mA
T time constant of a discharge
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272 4 Requirements for hand-held spraying equipment for non-ignitable coating
273 materials
274 4.1 General requirements
275 4.1.1 Hand-held spraying equipment shall be designed and constructed that
276 — in case of long-time contact (>1 s) of live parts and passive parts the short-circuit current flowing through
277 the user does not exceed the maximum of 30 mA DC (see 5.4.1.2), and
278 — when approaching live and passive parts the body current, the value I of a discharge does not
B rms
279 exceed the boundary line C of Figure 1 (see 5.5, 5.6.2 and Annex A, B).
1
280
281 Figure 1 — Pulse duration - body current, fibrillation risk
282 The curves indicate the probability of fibrillation risk for current flowing through the body from the left hand to
283 both feet.
Below C : no ventricular fibrillation (safety limit)
1
Above C up to C : low risk of ventricular fibrillation (up to 5 % of probability);
1 2
Above C up to C : average risk of ventricular fibrillation (up to 50 % of probability);
2 3
Above C : high risk of ventricular fibrillation (more than 50 % probability).
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284 NOTE Findings from electrical accidents lead to the conclusion that the risk of ventricular fibrillation generally exists
285 particularly with long-time longitudinal flow (hand to feet). When using electrostatic hand-held spraying equipment it can
286 be assumed a less dangerous cross flow (hand to hand). This is considered in the calculation of the effective current
287 value.
288 4.1.2 All conductive parts of the hand-held spraying equipment which are not at high voltage potential shall
289 be earthed. Earthing of conductive parts inside the hand-held spraying equipment can be neglected if
290 hazardous discharges have been prevented by design. Conductive parts connected to measuring and
291 control circuits shall be earthed with a resistance of ≤ 100 MΩ. Parts which are at high voltage for operational
292 reasons shall be bonded to each other in a conductive way.
293 4.1.3 Applicators shall meet the applicable requirements of EN 1953.
294 4.1.4 Electrical connecting cables shall be connected to the applicator or associated equipment in a
295 secured way. Requireme
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