FprEN IEC 61512-1:2025
(Main)Batch control - Part 1: Models and terminology
Batch control - Part 1: Models and terminology
Chargenorientierte Fahrweise - Teil 1: Modelle und Terminologie
Contrôle-commande des processus de fabrication par lots (batch) - Partie 1: Modèles et terminologie
Nadzor šarže - 1. del: Modeli in terminologija
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 61512-1:2024
01-april-2024
Nadzor šarže - 1. del: Modeli in terminologija
Batch control - Part 1: Models and terminology
Chargenorientierte Fahrweise - Teil 1: Modelle und Terminologie
Contrôle-commande des processus de fabrication par lots - Partie 1: Modèles et
terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 61512-1:2024
ICS:
01.040.25 Izdelavna tehnika (Slovarji) Manufacturing engineering
(Vocabularies)
25.040.40 Merjenje in krmiljenje Industrial process
industrijskih postopkov measurement and control
35.240.50 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in industry
industriji
oSIST prEN IEC 61512-1:2024 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN IEC 61512-1:2024
oSIST prEN IEC 61512-1:2024
65A/1108/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 61512-1 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2024-02-09 2024-05-03
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65A/1045/CD, 65A/1066B/CC
IEC SC 65A : SYSTEM ASPECTS
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United Kingdom Ms Stephanie Lavy
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TITLE:
Batch control - Part 1: Models and terminology
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2025
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NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
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61512-1 IEC:2022 – 3 –
8 IEC 61512-1 Ed 2.0
10 Batch Control –
12 Part 1:
13 Models and Terminology
nd
15 2 October 2023
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18 CONTENTS
19 FOREWORD . 8
20 INTRODUCTION . 11
21 1 Scope . 14
22 2 Normative references . 14
23 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 15
24 3.1 Terms and definitions. 15
25 3.2 Abbreviations . 23
26 4 Batch processes and equipment . 24
27 4.1 General . 24
28 4.2 Types of manufacturing . 24
29 4.3 Process model . 25
30 4.4 Equipment and equipment control . 28
31 4.5 Process cell classification . 38
32 5 Structure for batch control . 42
33 5.1 General . 42
34 5.2 Basic control . 42
35 5.3 Procedural control . 43
36 5.4 Coordination control . 50
37 6 Recipes and procedural elements . 53
38 6.1 General . 53
39 6.2 Recipe types . 53
40 6.3 Recipe contents . 56
41 6.4 Recipe components . 57
42 6.5 Recipe procedures by type of recipe . 58
43 6.6 Control recipe procedure/equipment control relationship . 63
44 7 Batch control considerations . 72
45 7.1 General . 72
46 7.2 Process and control engineering tasks . 72
47 7.3 Modes and states. 73
48 7.4 Exception handling . 76
49 7.5 Example procedural state model . 77
50 7.6 Batch schedules . 81
51 7.7 Production information . 83
52 8 Activities and functions in batch control . 85
53 8.1 General . 86
54 8.2 Control activity model . 86
55 8.3 Recipe Management . 89
56 8.4 Production Planning and Scheduling . 92
57 8.5 Production Information Management . 93
58 8.6 Process Cell Management . 98
59 8.7 Unit Supervision . 102
60 8.8 Process Control . 105
61 8.9 Personnel and Environmental Protection . 107
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62 9 Completeness, compliance, and conformance . 109
63 9.1 Completeness . 109
64 9.2 Compliance . 109
65 9.3 Conformance . 109
66 Annex A (informative) Model philosophy . 111
67 Annex B (informative) Reference Procedural State Model . 112
68 B.1 General . 112
69 B.2 Procedural states . 116
70 B.3 Procedural commands . 118
71 B.4 Using collapsed or expanded versions of the Reference Procedural State
72 Model . 118
73 Annex C (informative) Frequently asked questions. 120
74 C.1 Conformance and compliance . 120
75 C.2 Batch manufacturing roles . 120
76 C.3 Exception handling details . 121
77 C.4 Further description of basic control . 122
78 C.5 Further description of equipment modules . 123
79 C.6 Recipe building blocks . 123
80 C.7 Processing a recipe . 124
81 C.8 Multiple batches through units . 125
82 Annex D (informative) Software entities explanation . 126
83 D.1 General . 126
84 D.2 Enhanced PID configurations . 126
85 D.3 Advanced process control . 126
86 D.4 Virtual (soft) sensors based on a single measurement . 126
87 D.5 Virtual (soft) sensors based on multiple measurements . 126
88 D.6 Permanent software interlocks . 127
89 D.7 Data validity checking, data reduction, etc. algorithms . 127
90 Annex E (informative) Overview of IEC 61512-1 Ed 2.0 Changes . 128
91 E.1 General . 128
92 E.2 Key clarifications. 128
93 E.3 Changes in definitions. 129
94 E.4 Changes in structure . 130
95 E.5 Changes in models . 134
96 E.6 Other changes . 143
97 E.7 Summary . 143
98 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 144
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101 Figures
102 Figure 1 — Process model (instance diagram) when not collapsed or expanded . 26
103 Figure 2 — Example of Role Based Equipment model . 29
104 Figure 3 — Equipment entity model . 31
105 Figure 4 — Equipment entity model example 1 . 37
106 Figure 5 — Equipment entity model example 2 . 38
107 Figure 6 — Single-path structure . 39
108 Figure 7 — Multiple-path structure . 40
109 Figure 8 — Network structure . 41
110 Figure 9 — Procedural control model (instance diagram) when not collapsed or
111 expanded . 45
112 Figure 10 — Typical process/procedure/equipment mapping to achieve process
113 functionality . 48
114 Figure 11 — Recipe types model . 53
115 Figure 12 — Master recipe component encapsulation . 58
116 Figure 13 — General recipe procedure model . 60
117 Figure 14 — Master recipe procedure model . 61
118 Figure 15 — Information flow from general recipe to equipment entity . 64
119 Figure 16 — Control recipe procedure referencing equipment procedural elements at
120 the phase level . 65
121 Figure 17 — Control recipe referencing equipment procedural elements at the
122 operation level; equipment procedural control structure undefined . 67
123 Figure 18 — Control recipe referencing equipment procedural elements at the
124 operation level; combination implements the full procedural control model . 67
125 Figure 19 — Control recipe referencing equipment procedural elements at the unit
126 procedure level; equipment procedural control structure undefined . 68
127 Figure 20 — Control recipe referencing equipment procedural elements at the unit
128 procedure level; combination implements the full procedural control model . 68
129 Figure 21 — Control recipe referencing equipment procedural elements at the
130 procedure level; equipment procedural control structure undefined . 69
131 Figure 22 — Control recipe referencing equipment procedural elements at the
132 procedure level; combination implements the full procedural control model . 69
133 Figure 23 — Referencing equipment procedural elements at different levels within the
134 same recipe procedure . 70
135 Figure 24 — Control recipe procedure/equipment procedure collapsibility examples . 71
136 Figure 25 — Simultaneous definition/selection of procedural elements and equipment
137 entities . 73
138 Figure 26 — State transition diagram for example states for procedural elements . 78
139 Figure 27 — Control activity model . 87
140 Figure 28 — Recipe Management . 90
141 Figure 29 — Process Cell Management . 99
142 Figure 30 — Unit Supervision . 103
143 Figure 31 — Process Control . 106
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144 Figure B.1 — State transition diagram for the reference procedural state model . 114
145 Figure E.1 – Changes in structure (1 of 4) . 130
146 Figure E.2 – Changes in structure (2 of 4) . 131
147 Figure E.3 – Changes in structure (3 of 4) . 132
148 Figure E.4 – Changes in structure (4 of 4) . 133
149 Figure E.5 – Updated: Process model . 134
150 Figure E.6 – Updated: Role-based Equipment role-based equipment role-based
151 equipment model . 135
152 Figure E.7 – Updated: Process cell path structures . 136
153 Figure E.8 – Updated: Process/procedure/equipment mapping to achieve process
154 functionality . 137
155 Figure E.9 – Updated: Recipe types model . 137
156 Figure E.10 – Updated: Control recipe procedure linking examples . 138
157 Figure E.11 – Updated: Procedure/equipment procedure collapsibility examples . 139
158 Figure E.12 – Updated: Example state model . 139
159 Figure E.13 – Removed: Procedural element relationships in the site recipe and master
160 recipe . 141
161 Figure E.14 – Removed: Control recipe procedure/equipment control separation . 142
163 Tables
164 Table 1 — Example modes . 75
165 Table 2 — State transition matrix for example states for procedural elements . 79
166 Table 3 — State descriptions in the example procedural state model . 80
167 Table B.1 — State transition matrix for the reference procedural state model . 115
168 Table B.2 — State descriptions in the reference procedural state model . 116
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170 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
171 ____________
173 BATCH CONTROL –
175 Part 1: Models and Terminology
177 FOREWORD
178 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
179 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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190 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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200 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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204 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
205 Publications.
206 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
207 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
208 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
209 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
210 International Standard IEC 61512-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 65A: System aspects,
211 of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement and control.
212 The text of this part of IEC 61512 is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
65A/XX/FDIS 65A/XX/RVD
214 Full information on the voting for the approval of this part of IEC 61512 can be found in the
215 report on voting indicated in the above table.
216 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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217 This version of IEC 61512-1 replaces IEC 61512-1 Ed1.0:1997. The following major changes
218 were made to this part of IEC 61512 from the previous version (Annex E for further details).
219 a) Models and text are modified to provide more detail and clarity. Key clarifications are:
220 1) Two types of equipment modules are defined: generic and recipe-aware. All recipe-
221 aware equipment modules contain procedural control and can be used as phases in the
222 recipe.
223 2) Execution of all procedural control contained directly in units is part of the Unit
224 Supervision activity.
225 3) The relationships between types of recipes, recipe components, and equipment control
226 are more fully described and illustrated.
227 4) Entity relationship diagrams have been replaced with more intuitive UML instance
228 diagrams, except for the equipment entity model.
229 5) The transition diagram for the procedural states example has been updated with a more
230 intuitive and complete UML state diagram.
231 6) References to other standards in the series and to IEC 62264 are included to provide
232 direction for further clarification of selected topics.
233 7) Defined terms are italicised in the body of this document to avoid misinterpretation based
234 on meanings outside of IEC 61512.
235 8) Activity names are capitalised to help prevent confusion with similar terms, such as their
236 underlying functions.
237 b) Previous Clauses 4 through 6 (now 4 through 8) were rearranged to provide a clearer top-
238 down organisation of the document. Key changes are:
239 1) Removing the lower levels of the physical (role-based equipment) model (see subclause
240 4.4.2) to eliminate redundancy because their groupings are defined by the associated
241 functionality in the equipment entity model and are not meaningful for batch control
242 without those associations.
243 2) Describing equipment control and the equipment entity model immediately after the
244 physical (role-based equipment) model and describing each level as completely as
245 possible without excessive use of forward references (see subclause 4.4.3).
246 3) Combining the descriptions of basic, procedural, and coordination control with their
247 usage in each type of equipment entity, providing a single consolidated discussion of
248 each type of control (see Clause 5)
249 4) Additional considerations to support application of the models have been grouped in
250 Clause 7 to clarify their supporting relationship to the core models.
251 c) Clause 9 was added to define completeness, compliance, and conformance in relation to
252 this part of IEC 61512.
253 d) Annex B was added to provide a more expansive procedural state reference model. The
254 model found in Clause 7 may be considered a collapsed version of this more general model.
255 e) Annex C was added to clarify a number of points concerning the models, their application,
256 and the new Clause 9 on conformance and compliance.
257 f) Annex E was added to more fully describe the changes in this update to IEC 61512-1
258 Ed1.0:1997.
259 The list of all the parts of the IEC 61512 series, under the general title Batch control, can be
260 found on the IEC website.
261 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
262 stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
263 the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
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264 • reconfirmed,
265 • withdrawn,
266 • replaced by a revised edition, or
267 • amended.
269 The National Committees are requested to note that for this publication the stability date is .
270 THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE DELETED
271 AT THE PUBLICATION STAGE.
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273 INTRODUCTION
274 The IEC 61512 batch control standard has several parts. This part of IEC 61512 describes an
275 overarching framework of models and definitions for batch manufacturing. Other parts of the
276 series describe in more detail particular focus areas within this framework.
277 This part of IEC 61512 is structured to follow the IEC (International Electrotechnical
278 Commission) guidelines. Therefore, Clauses 1 through 3 discuss the Scope of this part of IEC
279 61512, Normative References, and Definitions, in that order.
280 The models and terminology in IEC 61512 are highly interdependent, making many of the
281 definitions in Clause 3 incomplete and circular. Note that while Clause 3 provides definitions,
282 the entire document constitutes the models and terminology of batch control. The user should
283 consider Clause 3 as a short glossary of terms with brief descriptions and not rely on Clause 3
284 for a full understanding of the concepts.
285 Clauses 4 through 8 incrementally complete these definitions by starting at a very high level,
286 progressively detailing a set of conceptual models, and describing how they collectively interact
287 to control batch production. The models are presumed to be complete as indicated. However,
288 they may be collapsed and expanded as described in the explanation of each model.
289 Clause 4, Batch processes and equipment, is normative. The intent of this clause is to provide
290 models and terminology that describe batch processes and the equipment used to perform
291 them.
292 Clause 5, Structure for batch control, is normative. The intent is to describe three types of
293 control used in batch processing and their relationships to the previously defined process and
294 equipment models.
295 Clause 6, Recipes and procedural elements, is normative. The intent is to describe the roles
296 and contents of four types of recipes used in batch manufacturing, their use of the previously
297 defined process and procedural control models, and their connection to equipment control.
298 Clause 7, Batch control considerations, is normative. The intent is to describe additional
299 considerations related to iterative design, exception handling, modes and states, production
300 plans and schedules, and production information.
301 Clause 8, Activities and functions in batch control, is normative. The intent is to describe the
302 control activities that are needed to address the diverse control requirements of batch
303 manufacturing.
304 Clause 9, Completeness, compliance, and conformance, is normative. The intent is to define
305 compliance and conformance relative to the normative models and terminology in this part of
306 IEC 61512.
307 Annex A is informative. It provides guidance towards understanding the model types used in
308 this part of IEC 61512.
309 Annex B is informative. It provides a more expansive procedural state reference model. The
310 model found in subclause 7.5 may be considered a collapsed version of this more general
311 model.
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312 Annex C is informative. It provides answers to typical questions that may arise in applying this
313 part of IEC 61512.
314 Annex D is informative. It provides further explanation of the software entities listed in clause
315 4.4.2.1.
316 Annex E is informative. It provides a summary of the changes made in this update as compared
317 with IEC 61512-1 Ed1.0:1997.
318 The bibliography is informative, giving references for further investigation concerning safety
319 and other relevant Standards.
320 This part of IEC 61512 is intended for those who are
321 • involved in the design, operation, or both of batch manufacturing plants,
322 • responsible for specifying controls and the associated application programs for batch
323 manufacturing plants, or
324 • involved in the design and marketing of products in the area of batch control.
325 This part of IEC 61512 defines standard models and terminology for specifying the control
326 requirements for batch manufacturing plants. The models and terminology
327 • emphasise good practices for the design and operation of batch manufacturing plants,
328 • can be used to improve control of batch manufacturing plants, and
329 • can be applied regardless of the degree of automation.
330 This part of IEC 61512 provides standard terminology and a consistent set of concepts and
331 models for batch manufacturing plants and batch control that are intended to
332 • improve communications between all parties involved,
333 • reduce the user's time to reach full production levels for new products,
334 • enable vendors to supply appropriate tools for implementing batch control,
335 • enable users to better identify their needs,
336 • make recipe development straightforward enough to be accomplished without the services
337 of a control systems engineer,
338 • reduce the cost of automating batch processes, and
339 • reduce life-cycle engineering efforts.
340 It is not the intent of IEC 61512 to
341 • suggest that there is only one way to implement or apply batch control,
342 • force users to abandon their current way of dealing with their batch processes, or
343 • restrict development in the area of batch control.
344 The key concepts defined in this part of IEC 61512 are:
345 • description of recipes, procedures, their contents, and their structure;
346 • definition of levels of recipes and procedures;
347 • recognition of product specific recipes and procedures that are separate from process-
348 oriented equipment and its direct control;
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349 • identification of a hierarchy of manufacturing equipment and its dedicated control;
350 • recognition of equipment capabilities that are utilised during recipe and procedure driven
351 production; and
352 • recognition of the need for modular and reusable control functionality.
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354 BATCH CONTROL –
356 Part 1: Models and terminology
358 1 Scope
359 This International Standard applies to systems, specifications, and their use for implementing
360 batch and related procedure-oriented manufacturing controls in the process industries. This
361 part of IEC 61512 establishes a reference model framework for procedure-oriented control,
362 defines terms to help explain the model relationships and usage, and describes general criteria
363 for evaluating conformance.
364 2 Normative references
365 The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
366 document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited
367 applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
368 amendments) applies.
369 ISO 15704, Industrial automation systems – Requirements for enterprise-reference
370 architectures and methodologies
371 ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment -- Vocabulary and general principles
372 ISO/IEC 19501, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Unified Modelling
373 Language (UML) Version 1.4.2
374 NOTE Usage of UML instance diagrams and state diagrams is described in 111Annex A and contrasted with the
375 corresponding Edition 1.0 figures in Annex E.
376 IEC 60050-351, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 351: Control technology
377 IEC 60848, GRAFCET specification language for sequential function charts
378 NOTE Structures defined in IEC 60848 may be useful in the definition of procedural control and, in particular, in the
379 definition of a phase.
380 IEC 61512-2, Batch Control - Part 2: Data Structures and Guidelines for Languages
381 IEC 61512-3, Batch Control - Part 3: General and Site Recipe Models and Representation
382 IEC 61512-4, Batch Control - Part 4: Batch Production Records
383 IEC/ISO 62264-1, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 1: Models and Terminology
384 IEC 62264-3, Enterprise-control system integration – Part 3: Activity Models of Manufacturing
385 Operations Management
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387 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
388 3.1 Terms and definitions
389 For the purposes of IEC 61512, the following terms and definitions apply.
390 The definitions supplied in this clause should be considered a summary statement for the
391 associated term. Since this part of IEC 61512 defines models and terminology as a whole, the
392 reader should consider all of its provisions for each term’s full meaning and its relationship to
393 the models.
394 3.1.1
395 allocation
396 form of coordination control (3.1.14) that assigns a resource (3.1.66) or part of a resource to a
397 batch (3.1.5), a procedural element (3.1.43), or an equipment entity (3.1.18) as needed
398 3.1.2
399 arbitration
400 form of coordination control (3.1.14) that determines how a resource (3.1.66) should be
401 allocated (3.1.1) when there are more requests for the resource than can be accommodated at
402 one time
403 3.1.3
404 area
405 role-based equipment entity or component of a site (3.1.68) that is identified by physical,
406 geographical, operational, or logical segmentation within the site.
407 Note 1 to entry: It can contain process cells, production units, production lines, and storage zones.
408 3.1.4
409 basic control
410 control dedicated to establishing and maintaining a specific state or behaviour of equipment
411 and process (3.1.45)
412 Note 1 to entry: Basic control may include regulatory control, interlocking, physical and virtual monitoring, exception
413 handling (3.1.24), and discrete or sequential control necessary for establishing or maintaining a specific state or
414 behaviour.
415 3.1.5
416 batch
417 a) material that is being produced or that has been produced by a single execution of a batch
418 process (3.1.7);
419 b) entity that represents the production of a material at any point in the process (3.1.45);
420 c) entity that represents the execution of a control recipe (3.1.13).
421 Note 1 to entry: Batch means both the material made by and during the process and also an entity that represents
422 the production of that material. Batch is used as an abstract contraction of the words "the production of a batch."
423 3.1.6
424 batch control
425 control activities and functions that direct batch processes (3.1.7)
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426 3.1.7
427 batch process
428 process (3.1.45) that leads to the production of finite quantities of material by subjecting
429 quantities of input materials to an ordered set of processing activities over a finite period of time
430 using one or more pieces of equipment
431 3.1.8
432 batch schedule
433 ordered list of batches (3.1.5) to be produced in a specific process cell (3.1.47)
434 Note 1 to entry: The batch schedule typically contains such information as what is to be produced, how much is to
435 be produced, when or in what order the batches are to be produced, and what equipment is to be used.
436 3.1.9
437 campaign
438 collection of related batches (3.1.5) for scheduling purposes
439 3.1.10
440 common resource
441 resource (3.1.66) that can provide services to one or more requesters
442 Note 1 to entry: Common resources are identified as either exclusive-use resources (3.1.26) or shared-use
443 resources (3.1.67).
444 3.1.11
445 control activity model
446 conceptual model identifying seven interdependent activities (several of which are subdivided
447 into functions) that manage control definition, execution, and information for batch processes
448 (3.1.7)
449 3.1.12
450 control module
451 lowest level functional grouping in the equipment entity model (3.1.19) that can carry out basic
452 control (3.1.4)
453 Note 1 to entry: The control module level contains the interfaces to the role-based equipment.
454 3.1.13
455 control recipe
456 type of recipe (3.1.57) which, through its execution, defines the manufacture of a single batch
457 (3.1.5) of a specific product
458 3.1.14
459 coordination control
460 type of control that directs, initiates, modifies, or performs a combination of these for the
461 execution of procedural control (3.1.41) and the utilisation of equipment entities (3.1.18)
462 3.1.15
463 enterprise
464 organisation that coordinates the manufacturing at one or more sites (3.1.68)
465 3.1.16
466 equipment
467 collection of physical objects or resources having defined roles and capabilities in master and
468 a control recipe for executing a process
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469 3.1.17
470 equipment control
471 equipment-specific functionality that provides the actual control capability for an equipment
472 entity (3.1.18), including procedural control (3.1.41), basic control (3.1.4), and coordination
473 control (3.1.14)
474 3.1.18
475 equipment entity
476 collection of process equipment, control equipment, and equipment control (3.1.17) grouped
477 together to perform a certain control function or set of control functions
478 Note 1 to entry: equipment entity is sometimes referred to as Cyber-Physical System (CPS) (see ISO/SAE 21434
479 The Guide For Cyber Physical Systems: Introduction)
480 3.1.19
481 equipment entity model
482 hierarchical model to logically organise the role-based equipment used in a batch process
483 (3.1.7) in combination with the control present at each level
484 3.1.20
485 equipment module
486 functional grouping in the equipment entity model (3.1.19) that can carry out specific minor
487 processing (3.1.45) activities
488 Note 1 to entry: An equipment module is typically centred around a piece of process equipment (a weigh tank, a
489 process heater, a scrubber, etc.).
490 Note 2 to entry: Examples of minor processing activities are dosing and weighing.
491 Note 3 to entry: Two types of equipment modules are identified: recipe-aware equipment modules (3.1.58) and
492 generic equipment modules (3.1.30).
493 Note 4 to entry: Any reference to an equipment module in this part of IEC 61512 is understood to be a general
494 reference to both the recipe-aware equipment module and the generic equipment module unless otherwise specified.
495 3.1.21
496 equipment operation
497 operation (3.1.37) that is part of equipment control (3.1.17)
498 3.1.22
499 equipment phase
500 phase (3.1.39) that is part of equipment control (3.1.17)
501 3.1.23
502 equipment procedure
503 procedure (3.1.43) that is part of equipment control (3.1.17)
504 3.1.24
505 equipment unit procedure
506 unit procedure (3.1.73) that is part of equipment control (3.1.17)
507 3.1.25
508 exception handling
509 those functions that deal with plant or process (3.1.45) contingencies and other events which
510 oc
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