FprEN IEC 63338:2024
(Main)General guidance on reuse and repurposing of secondary cells and batteries
General guidance on reuse and repurposing of secondary cells and batteries
IEC 63338:2024 applies to the reuse and repurposing of secondary lithium ion and nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries after extraction from the application for which they were first placed on the market (hereafter "relevant cells and batteries"). This document does not permit reuse or repurposing of single cells or cell assemblies if battery lifetime traceability data are not recorded. See Clause 4. Swappable batteries such as those used in e-scooters are removed and installed by the user (such as for charging) without conducting a safety assessment (such as battery lifetime traceability data assessment) as part of intended use, which is not considered reuse or repurposing. This document does not cover system component reuse and repurposing. The original manufacturer can be contacted to confirm suitability of components for reuse and repurposing. The primary purpose of this document is to provide basic guidance on the environmental aspects of reuse and repurposing of relevant cells and batteries; basic guidance on safety risks for the reuse and repurposing of relevant cells and batteries; basic guidance on original manufacturer warning notice on the applicability of a product for reuse or repurposing; and useful information regarding reuse and repurposing and relevant cell and battery regulations and standards to interested parties.
Allgemeiner Leitfaden zur Wiederverwendung und Umnutzung von Sekundärzellen und -batterien
Recommandations générales relatives à la réutilisation et à la réaffectation des accumulateurs et des batteries d’accumulateurs
L'IEC 63338:2024 s’applique à la réutilisation et à la réaffectation des accumulateurs et des batteries d’accumulateurs ion-lithium et au nickel-métal hydrure après leur extraction de l’application de leur première mise sur le marché (ci-après dénommés "éléments et batteries concernés"). Le présent document n’autorise pas la réutilisation ou la réaffectation d’éléments individuels ou d’ensembles d’éléments si les données de traçabilité de la durée de vie des batteries ne sont pas enregistrées. Voir Article 4. Les batteries interchangeables telles que celles utilisées dans les scooters électriques sont retirées et installées par l’utilisateur (par exemple pour être rechargées) sans qu’une évaluation de la sécurité (telle qu’une évaluation des données de traçabilité de la durée de vie des batteries) ne soit effectuée dans le cadre de l’utilisation prévue, ce qui n’est pas considéré comme une réutilisation ou une réaffectation. L’objectif principal du présent document est de fournir des recommandations de base relatives aux aspects environnementaux de la réutilisation et de la réaffectation des accumulateurs et batteries d’accumulateurs concernés, des recommandations de base relatives aux risques de sécurité liés à la réutilisation et à la réaffectation des accumulateurs et batteries d’accumulateurs concernés, des recommandations de base relatives à l’avertissement du fabricant d’origine concernant l’applicabilité d’un produit à la réutilisation ou à la réaffectation, et des informations utiles concernant la réutilisation et la réaffectation, ainsi que les réglementations et les normes relatives aux accumulateurs et batteries d’accumulateurs concernés pour les parties intéressées.
Splošno navodilo za ponovno uporabo in spremembo namena sekundarnih členov in baterij
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
01-junij-2023
Splošno navodilo za ponovno uporabo in spremembo namena sekundarnih členov
in baterij
General guidance on reuse and repurposing of secondary cells and batteries
Recommandations générales relatives à la réutilisation et à la réaffectation des
accumulateurs et des batteries d’accumulateurs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 63338:2023
ICS:
29.220.01 Galvanski členi in baterije na Galvanic cells and batteries
splošno in general
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 63338 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2023-03-24 2023-06-16
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
21A/794/CD, 21A/804B/CC
IEC SC 21A : SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
France Mr Pierre Bourg
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 21,TC 120
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in this
CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of
• any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation ,
• any relevant “in some countries” clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are remin ded that
the enquiry stage is the final stage for submitting "in some countries" clauses. See AC/22/2007.
TITLE:
General guidance on reuse and repurposing of secondary cells and batteries
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 2 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
During the WG6 October meeting held in San Francisco it was decided to circulate the 63338 CDV
according to 21A/804B/CC
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 3 – 21A/831/CDV
2 CONTENTS
3 FOREWORD . 5
4 INTRODUCTION . 7
5 1 Scope . 8
6 2 Normative references . 8
7 3 Terms and definitions . 9
8 4 General Considerations . 13
9 5 Consideration of Safety Risks Associated with Reuse and Repurposing . 14
10 5.1 General . 14
11 5.2 Lithium ion systems . 15
12 5.2.1 Secondary lithium ion cells . 15
13 5.2.2 Secondary lithium ion battery systems . 15
14 5.3 Nickel systems . 16
15 5.3.1 Nickel metal-hydride cells . 16
16 5.3.2 Nickel metal-hydride cells and battery systems . 17
17 6 Considerations for Reused or Repurposed Battery Systems . 17
18 6.1 General . 17
19 6.2 Determining suitability for reuse or repurposing (based on battery lifetime
20 traceability data) . 18
21 6.2.1 Battery lifetime traceability data . 18
22 6.3 Safety evaluation of reused or repurposed batteries . 19
23 6.4 Reused or repurposed cell and battery operating region . 19
24 7 Coordination on Reuse or Repurposed with the Original Manufacturer. 19
25 7.1 General . 19
26 7.2 Caution statements on reuse or repurposing applicability . 19
27 7.2.1 Originally intended reuse or repurposing (according to the original
28 manufacturer) . 20
29 7.2.2 Caution statement requesting the approval of reuse or repurposing to
30 the original manufacturer. . 20
31 7.2.3 Absence of caution statement . 20
32 8 Recommendations for Reuse or Repurposed Application Manufacturers . 20
33 8.1 Removal of original cell or battery label and markings . 20
34 8.2 Affixation of label or marking specifying reuse or repurposing . 20
35 8.3 Prerequisites for reuse or repurposed application manufacturers . 20
36 9 Environmental Options in Case Reuse or Repurposing is Not Possible . 21
37 Annex A (informative) Guidance Checklist . 22
38 Annex B (informative) Reuse and Repurposing Relevant Reference Information . 23
39 B.1 IEC 63330 (Under development) . 23
40 B.2 IEC 62933-4-4 (Under development) . 23
41 B.3 IEC 62933-5-3 (Under development) . 23
42 B.4 Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of New
43 Energy Vehicles . 24
44 B.5 UL 1974 . 24
45 B.6 SAE J2997 (Under development) . 24
46 B.7 prEN 45554 (Under development) . 24
47 B.8 National Renewable Energy Laboratory TP-5400-63332 . 24
48 B.9 European Commission JRC Technical Report 2018-08-28 . 25
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 4 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
49 B.10 Ecodesign preparatory Study for Batteries 2019-09-20 . 25
50 Annex C (informative) Examples of common terms for reuse and repurposing . 26
51 Bibliography . 27
53 Figure 1 – Scope of IEC 63338 ED1 . 8
54 Figure 2 – Battery System Configuration Example . 16
55 Figure 3 – Example of Protection Device Installation . 17
57 Table A.1 – Checklist of recommendations before reuse or repurposing of relevant
58 secondary cells and batteries . 22
59 Table B.1 – Reuse and Repurposing Relevant Reference Information . 23
60 Table C.1 – Examples of common terms for reuse and repurposing . 26
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 5 – 21A/831/CDV
62 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
63 ____________
65 GENERAL GUIDANCE FOR REUSE AND REPURPOSING OF SECONDARY CELLS AND
66 BATTERIES
68 FOREWORD
69 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization
70 comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is
71 to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical
72 and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International
73 Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and
74 Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical
75 committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this
76 preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the
77 IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
78 for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
79 organizations.
80 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
81 international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has
82 representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
83 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC
84 National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical
85 content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are
86 used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
87 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC
88 Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications.
89 Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication
90 shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
91 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide
92 conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not
93 responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
94 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual
95 experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury,
96 property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs
97 (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this
98 IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
99 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced
100 publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
101 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the
102 subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
103 rights.
104 International Standard IEC XXXXX has been prepared by subcommittee XX: TITLE, of IEC
105 technical committee XX:XXX.
106 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
109 Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be
110 found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.
111 This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 6 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
112 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged
113 until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch"
114 in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be
115 • reconfirmed,
116 • withdrawn,
117 • replaced by a revised edition, or
118 amended.
119 •
121 The National Committees are requested to note that for this document the stability
122 date is 20XX.
123 THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE DELETED AT THE
124 PUBLICATION STAGE.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 7 – 21A/831/CDV
126 INTRODUCTION
127 Based on the principles of life cycle thinking (LCT) and environmentally conscious design (ECD),
128 secondary battery reuse and repurposing are means to reduce raw material consumption.
129 However, there are potential safety risks to be considered before reusing or repurposing a
130 battery. These should be thoroughly addressed before considering any kind of reus e or
131 repurposing operations. Further, all reused or repurposed batteries or sub-units of batteries
132 shall comply with all safety, transport and product testing at the same level as new battery
133 products (except tests requiring destructive sampling).
134 The primary purpose of this document is intended to provide: basic guidance on the
135 environmental aspects of reuse and repurposing of relevant cells and batteries; basic guidance
136 on safety risks for the reuse and repurposing of relevant cells and batteries; basic guidance on
137 original manufacturer caution statements on the applicability of a product for reuse or
138 repurposing; and useful information regarding reuse and repurposing and relevant cell and
139 battery regulations and standards to interested parties.
140 Additionally, various regions and countries are currently developing requirements and
141 regulations for the reuse and repurposing of secondary cells and batteries, especially those
142 used for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, after being extracted at their end of life. These
143 differing requirements and regulations could lead to technical or safety issues in the use of
144 these batteries. Thus, nations and regions can be assisted in setting up secondary battery reuse
145 and repurposing regulations from this aligned international standard.
146 The expected users of this document are: original manufacturers (including cell and battery or
147 application), qualified reuse and repurposed application manufacturers (e.g. with approval in
148 writing to reuse or repurpose from the original manufacturer); national, regional, and local
149 authorities that establish secondary battery reuse and repurposing regulations; and national,
150 regional, and local authorities that revise secondary battery reuse and repurposing regulations.
151 However, other stakeholders are not precluded from using this document.
152 National and regional standards, regulations and voluntary stewardship programs are given
153 priority in the matters covered in this document.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 8 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
154 GENERAL GUIDANCE ON REUSE AND REPURPOSING OF SECONDARY
155 CELLS AND BATTERIES
158 Scope
159 This document applies to the reuse and repurposing of secondary lithium ion and nickel metal-
160 hydride cells and batteries after extraction from the application for which they were first placed
161 on the market (hereafter “relevant cells and batteries”).
162 NOTE 1: This document does not permit reuse or repurposing of single cells or cell assemblies if battery lifetime
163 traceability data are not recorded. See clause 4.
164 NOTE 2: Swappable batteries such as those used in e-scooters are removed and installed by the user (such as for
165 charging) without conducting a safety assessment (such as battery lifetime traceability data assessment) as part of
166 intended use, which is not considered reuse or repurposing.
167 NOTE 3: This document does not cover system component reuse and repurposing. The original manufacturer can be
168 contacted to confirm suitability of components for reuse and repurposing
Reuse and repurposing
(Scope of IEC 63338 ED1)
Reuse
(3.14)
New
First placed Extraction
secondary
on the from original
Recycling
cell and
market application
battery
manufacturing
Repurposing
(3.15)
170 Figure 1 – Scope of IEC 63338 ED1
171 Normative references
172 There are no normative references in this document.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 9 – 21A/831/CDV
174 Terms and definitions
175 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
176 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
177 addresses:
178 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
179 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
180 3.1
181 product
182 goods or service
183 [SOURCE: IEC 63218:2021, definition 3.1 modified]
184 3.2
185 electric road vehicle
186 electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion (battery
187 electric vehicle) or vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power
188 source for propulsion (hybrid electric vehicle)
189 [SOURCE: IEC 62660-1 2018 ED2, definitions 3.1, 3.2 modified]
190 3.3
191 waste battery
192 cells or batteries which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard
193 Note 1 to entry: assessment of used batteries for possibility to repurpose is included in IEC 63330 ED1
194 [SOURCE: IEC 63218:2021, definition 3.2 modified]
195 3.4
196 environment
197 surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources,
198 flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelationships
199 Note 1 to entry: Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system.
200 [SOURCE: IEC 63218:2021, definition 3.3]
201 3.5
202 environmental aspect
203 element of an organization’s activities or products that interacts or can interact with the
204 environment
205 Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s). A significant environmental aspect
206 is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).
207 Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more criteria.
208 Note 3 to entry: Activities of the organization are those related to the design and development.
209 [SOURCE: IEC60050-901:2013, 901-07-02, modified]
210 3.6
211 environmental impact
212 change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partly resulting from a
213 product environmental aspect
214 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-904:2014, 904-01-03 modified]
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 10 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
215 3.7
216 environmentally conscious design
217 ECD
218 systematic approach which takes into account environmental aspects in the design and
219 development process with the aim to reduce adverse environmental impacts
220 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-904;2014, 904-01-13]
221 3.8
222 life-cycle
223 consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or
224 generation of natural resources to final disposal
225 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-901:2013, 901-07-12]
226 3.9
227 life-cycle thinking
228 LCT
229 consideration of all relevant environmental aspects during the entire life-cycle of products
230 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-901;2013, 901-07-14]
231 3.10
232 life-cycle assessment
233 LCA
234 compilation and evaluation of the inputs and outputs and the potential environment impacts of
235 a product system throughout its life-cycle
236 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-901:2013, 901-07-13]
237 3.11
238 end of life
239 EOL
240 life-cycle stage of a product starting when it is finally removed from its intended use-phase
241 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-901:2013, 901-07-15]
242 3.12
243 recycling
244 processing of waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, excluding energy
245 recovery
246 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-901;2013, 901-07-10]
247 3.13
248 reuse
249 operations by which secondary batteries are used again in the same application as when first
250 placed on the market
251 Note 1 to entry: See Annex C for alternative common terms
252 Note 2 to entry: When reuse of secondary batteries is as originally intended from the design stage, this is considered
253 “originally intended reuse”. When reuse of secondary batteries is not originally intended from the design stage, this
254 is considered “originally unintended reuse”.
255 Note 3 to entry: An example of reuse is when a battery is extracted from an EV, its battery lifetime traceability data
256 is assessed, its BMS operating region is narrowed, and it is used again in another less demanding EV.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 11 – 21A/831/CDV
257 3.14
258 repurposing
259 operation by which secondary batteries are used again in a different application to when first
260 placed on the market
261 Note 1 to entry: See Annex C for alternative common terms
262 Note 2 to entry: When repurposing of secondary batteries is as originally intended from the design stage, this is
263 considered “originally intended repurposing”. When repurposing of secondary batteries is not originally intended from
264 the design stage, this is considered “originally unintended repurposing”.
265 Note 3 to entry: An example of repurposing is when a battery is extracted from an EV, its battery li fetime traceability
266 data is assessed, its BMS operating region is narrowed, and it is used again in another less demanding application
267 such as an energy backup system for telecom equipment.
268 3.15
269 reuse or repurposed application
270 application in which a cell or battery or battery system is used after undergoing reuse or
271 repurposing operations
272 3.16
273 secondary cell
274 basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical
275 energy, that consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals, and that is
276 designed to be charged electrically
277 [SOURCE: IEC 62133-1, IEC 62133-2]
278 3.17
279 secondary battery
280 assembly of secondary cell(s) which may include associated safety and control circuits and
281 case, ready for use as a source of electrical energy characterized by its voltage, size, terminal
282 arrangement, capacity and rate capability
283 Note 1 to entry: Includes single cell batteries
284 [SOURCE: IEC 63218:2021, definition 3.20 modified]
285 3.18
286 battery system
287 battery
288 system which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs
289 Note 1 to entry: It has a battery management system to cut off in case of overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge,
290 and overheating.
291 Note 2 to entry: The battery system may have cooling or heating units. More than one battery system may
292 constitute a larger battery system. The battery system is sometimes also referred to as a battery.
293 Note 3 to entry: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the battery manufacturer
294 and the customer.
295 [SOURCE: IEC 62619 modified]
296 3.19
297 battery pack
298 energy storage device, which is comprised of one or more cells or modules electrically
299 connected and has monitoring circuitry which provides information (e.g. cell voltage) to a
300 battery system to influence the battery’s safety, performance and/or service life
301 Note 1 to entry: It may incorporate a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other interconnection
302 arrangement.
303 [SOURCE: IEC 62619]
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 12 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
304 3.20
305 secondary lithium ion cell
306 Li-ion cell
307 secondary cell with an organic solvent electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes which
308 utilize an intercalation or insertion compound in which lithium is stored
309 Note 1 to entry: lithium ion cells do not include lithium metal
310 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-05-07 modified]
311 3.21
312 secondary lithium ion battery
313 Li-ion battery
314 secondary battery with assembly of secondary lithium ion cells
315 3.22
316 secondary nickel metal hydride cell
317 Ni-MH cell
318 cell containing a nickel hydroxide compound for the positive electrode, a hydrogen absorbing
319 alloy for the negative electrode, and potassium hydroxide or other alkaline solution as
320 electrolyte, and not releasing either gas or liquid when operated within the limits specified by
321 the manufacturer
322 Note 1 to entry: A sealed cell may be equipped with a safety device to prevent a dangerously high internal pressure
323 and is designed to operate during its life in its original sealed state.
324 [SOURCE; IEC 63115-1, definition 3.1]
325 3.23
326 secondary nickel metal hydride battery
327 Ni-MH battery
328 secondary battery with assembly of nickel metal hydride cells
329 3.24
330 state of health
331 SOH
332 secondary battery’s state of degradation calculated as a percentage of its original specifications
333 Note 1 to entry: considers factors such as permanent capacity loss, resistance, cycle life etc.
334 3.25
335 module
336 group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration with or
337 without protective devices (e.g. fuse or PTC) and monitoring circuitry
338 [SOURCE: IEC 62619]
339 3.26
340 battery management system
341 BMS
342 electronic system associated with a battery which has functions to cut off in case of
343 overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, and overheating and which monitors and/or manages
344 its battery state, calculates secondary battery data, reports that data and/or controls manages
345 its battery environment to influence the battery’s safety, performance and/or service life
347 Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the battery manufacturer
348 and the customer.
349 Note 2 to entry: The function of the BMS can be assigned to the battery pack or to the application that uses the
350 battery. (See IEC 62619 subclause 8.2.1 for Li-ion and IEC 63115-2 subclause 7.1 for Ni-MH)
351 Note 3 to entry: The BMS can be divided and it can be found partially in the battery pack and partially on the
352 application that uses the battery. (See IEC 62619 subclause 8.2.1 for Li-ion and IEC 63115-2 subclause 7.1 for Ni-
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 13 – 21A/831/CDV
353 MH)
354 Note 4 to entry: The BMS is sometimes also referred to as a BMU (battery management unit)
355 [SOURCE: IEC 62619 modified]
356 3.27
357 original manufacturer
358 manufacturer(s) of cells, batteries, battery systems (original battery manufacturer), battery
359 packs and/or the application that they are first placed on the market with (original application
360 manufacturer), who determines whether reuse or repurposing is intended from the design stage
361 Note 1 to entry: Intention to reuse or repurpose is determined by approval in writing from the original battery
362 manufacturer and/or original application manufacturer. Even if the original battery and application manufacturers are
363 the same, the intention to reuse or repurpose is clarified via the label (see clause 7.2).
364 3.28
365 battery provider
366 party that is responsible for relevant cells and batteries, but is not the original manufacturer or
367 reuse or repurposed application manufacturer
368 Note 1 to entry: The battery provider may be a distributor, trader, or similar and engages with the original
369 manufacturer and reuse or repurposed application manufacturer with approval in writing.
370 3.29
371 operating region
372 conditions during charging and discharging in which the cell operates within its voltage, current
373 and temperature range as specified by the cell manufacturer
374 3.30
375 portable battery
376 battery for use in an end-use product or in an appliance which is conveniently hand-carried
377 Note 1 to entry: applications which use portable batteries typically do not record battery lifetime traceability data
378 [SOURCE: IEC 63218 modified]
379 General Considerations
380 In order to reduce adverse environmental impacts, the opportunity to use materials again should
381 be considered as part of environmentally conscious design (ECD). Examples include the
382 recovery and reuse or repurposing of products (e.g., electronic subassemblies, semiconductor
383 devices, and safety devices), which are physically combined with batteries. However, it is not
384 always possible and can sometimes be extremely difficult to effectively and safely reuse or
385 repurpose batteries that are collected, because there is a possibility of having received
386 damaged batteries which can affect safety. The size and original application of a secondary cell
387 or battery will have a large impact on whether reuse or repurposing can be considered.
388 Examples of types of batteries that shall not be reused or repurposed are single cells or cell
389 assemblies if battery lifetime traceability data is not recorded (see clause 6.2). Originally
390 unintended reuse or repurposing may have a much higher safety risk than originally intended
391 reuse or repurposing.
392 The base for starting reuse or repurposing operations is an approval in writing between the
393 reuse or repurposed application manufacturers and the original manufacturers (and battery
394 provider if applicable). This is needed to improve safety and performance in reused or
395 repurposed batteries based on clauses 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this document as well as based on the
396 original manufacturers' safety information for both batteries and battery components.
397 The original manufacturer should be responsible for the original use of relevant cells and
398 batteries, and should not be responsible for the reuse or repurposing of relevant cells and
399 batteries.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 14 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
400 NOTE: Approval in writing can be contractual agreement, a memorandum of understanding, approval to reuse or
401 repurpose via the original battery label, etc.
402 This document outlines and provides guidance on the safety risks associated with reuse and
403 repurposing. Additionally, this document provides guidance on coordination between the
404 original and reuse or repurposed application and battery manufacturers regarding the
405 applicability of a product for reuse or repurposing.
406 If this document is observed, the risk of occurrence of the following hazards is reduced:
407 a) fire,
408 b) explosion,
409 c) leakage of cell electrolyte,
410 d) venting,
411 e) rupture of the casing of cell, module, battery pack, and battery system with exposure of
412 internal components.
413 f) electrical hazards
414 g) impaired functional safety
415 Note: Potential risks are described in IEC 62619 ED2, and IEC 63115-2 ED1.
416 Consideration of Safety Risks Associated with Reuse and Repurposing
417 5.1 General
418 Secondary batteries including secondary lithium ion and nickel-metal hydride are generally
419 available in the market for use in applications such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems,
420 PCs and mobile phones.
421 Among them, secondary lithium ion batteries are widely used from portable devices to EVs and
422 large-scale systems such as energy storage systems because of their high energy density and
423 charge/discharge efficiency. In addition, nickel-metal hydride batteries are widely used in
424 portable applications that accept alkaline batteries, in energy storage syste ms, and in vehicles
425 as part of hybrid electric systems.
426 Secondary lithium ion batteries are widely available in the market due to their excellent
427 characteristics as energy storage devices, but compared to other battery chemistries, there are
428 high risks of safety incidents from secondary lithium ion batteries, and even more care has to
429 be taken when designing, producing and using (including reuse and repurposing) secondary
430 lithium ion battery systems and packs. These are strictly regulated in transport, safety and
431 product design standards to improve safety in cells, battery packs or systems, and under all
432 operating conditions as specified by the cell or battery manufacturer. Nickel-metal hydride
433 batteries are safer from a chemistry point of view, however deviation from the use conditions
434 intended by the original battery manufacturer can still result in safety issues.
435 Therefore, in actual use, safety is improved by using battery systems that are designed with
436 functional safety methods so as not to deviate from the specified usage and handling methods.
437 If components (or modules) are removed or exchanged from a safely designed battery system,
438 or the battery system is modified (hardware, software) without checking battery lifetime
439 traceability data or considering appropriate design to improve safety, safety related incidents
440 are more likely to occur (or happen).
441 The reuse or repurposed application manufacturer shall confirm whether reuse or repurposing
442 is permissible and assess battery lifetime traceability data from the original manufacturer (refer
443 to clause 6.2.1 of this document). They shall also assess the requirements of the reuse or
444 repurposed application, and design an appropriate battery system to improve safety.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 15 – 21A/831/CDV
445 The following relevant cells and battery safety standards should be referenced.
446 e.g. automotive / vehicle:
447 - IEC 62660-3
448 - IEC 61982-4
449 - ISO 6469-1
450 - UN ECE R100
451 - UN ECE R136
452 - UN GTR No.20
453 Stationary:
454 - IEC 62619
455 - IEC 63056
456 - IEC 62933-5-2 ED1
457 - IEC 63115-2
458 5.2 Lithium ion systems
459 5.2.1 Secondary lithium ion cells
460 Secondary lithium ion cells are energy storage devices that utilise the movement of lithium ions
461 to perform mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy, and realize
462 mutual energy conversion by causing a specific electrochemical reaction during charging and
463 discharging. In order to maintain safety and performance, and achieve smoot h energy
464 conversion, it is essential to ensure the intended electrochemical reactions occur without side
465 reactions. For those reasons, cell manufacturers should specify how to use and handle each
466 cell. If this method of use or handling is deviated from, the chemical energy stored in the cell
467 will not be properly controlled, abnormal reactions will progress rapidly, and the energy cannot
468 be contained in the cell. This may result in safety incidents such as fire, explosion, leakage,
469 venting and rupture.
470 5.2.2 Secondary lithium ion battery systems
471 The usage and handling methods specified in subclause 5.2.1 include many outside factors that
472 are controlled at the battery level, such as charge and discharge voltage, current range, and
473 temperature range. Battery systems shall be configured to prevent abnormal events, and to
474 improve safety by electrically and mechanically controlling and protecting the battery.
475 NOTE 1: Further details can be found in IEC 62619, Annex A
476 Secondary lithium ion battery systems are designed with consideration of safety and battery
477 characteristics based on the requirements and conditions of the application while complying
478 with the cell usage and handling methods specified by the battery manufacturer. In a safely -
479 designed battery system, it is necessary to configure each functional element via methods such
480 as functional safety and to secure a sufficient level of safety against foreseeable events. A
481 battery system configuration example is shown in figure 2 (source: ISO 12405-4: 2018 Annex
482 A). Although not shown in the figure, a dedicated charger and external cooling device, if
483 necessary, are included in a safely designed battery system.
484 Figure 2 shows one example of a battery system. It includes a BMS, which in some cases can
485 also be outside the battery system. As an example, a vehicle battery can have an integrated
486 BMS or a BMS implemented in a control unit in a different place within the vehicle. This should
487 be considered when removing the battery system from the vehicle and possibly reusing or
488 repurposing it.
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
21A/831/CDV – 16 – IEC CDV 63338 ED1 © IEC:2023
489 Further, a battery system is individually designed and, depending on application, the topology
490 may be different. Thus, the BMS can also be outside the battery pack, in a separate control unit
491 or even in the charger or in the application it powers. This is dependent on the system design
492 and topology. Thus a solution cannot be prescribed in general, but should be considered
493 individually. Care should be taken especially on this point, when removing a battery system
494 from an application, regardless of it being a vehicle, light electric vehicle or stationary system.
495 NOTE 2: Further details can be seen in IEC 62619 subclause 8.2.1
497 Key
498 1) Electric circuit (contactors, fuses, wiring)
499 2) Connectors for power line
500 3) Connectors for battery management system
501 4) Normal use impact-resistance case
502 5) Cooling device and connections (a: in, b: out)
503 6) Cell assembly
504 7) Service disconnect
505 8) Battery pack
506 9) Cell electronics
507 10) Battery management system
508 Figure 2 – Battery System Configuration Example
509 5.3 Nickel systems
510 5.3.1 Nickel metal-hydride cells
511 The nickel metal-hydride cell makes electrochemical use of the reversibility of the hydrogen
512 absorption/release reaction in the hydrogen absorbing alloy. The cell uses a nickel hydroxide
513 compound for the positive electrode, a hydrogen absorbing alloy for the negative electrode, and
514 an aqueous alkaline solution for the electrolyte, which includes constituents such as potassium
515 hydroxide (KOH). During charging, the electrolytic reaction of water causes the hydrogen, which
516 forms in atomic form on the surface of the hydrogen absorbing alloy in the negative electrode,
517 to diffuse into and be absorbed by the alloy (charge reaction). During discharge, the absorbed
518 hydrogen reacts with the hydroxide ions at the surface of the hydrogen absorbing alloy to once
519 again become water (discharge reaction).
oSIST prEN IEC 63338:2023
IEC CDV 63338 ED1 CDV © IEC:2023 – 17 – 21A/831/CDV
520 5.3.2 Nickel metal-hydride cells and battery systems
521 Nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries have a higher tolerance to overcharge and
522 overdischarge than secondary lithium ion batteries. However in the event of excessive
523 overcharge and overdischarge, internal pressure can build inside the cells and leakage can
524 occur. Nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries have a gas release vent in order to prevent
525 excessive pressure, however in extreme conditions deterioration can occur. For example, in a
526 large assembly of cells, heat can accumulate around the innermost cells in case of overcharge
527 at high temperatures and battery life will be reduced. When utilizing an assembly of cells in an
528 application, heat dissipation should be considered. In order to minimize these safety risks,
529 nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries should not be used outside of the conditions intended
530 by the battery manufacturer.
531 Nickel-metal hydride battery systems are designed with consideration of safety and battery
532 characteristics based on the requirements and conditions of the application while complying
533 with the cell usage and handling methods specified by the battery manufacturer. In a safely
534 designed battery system, each functional element is configured via methods such as functional
535 safety to secure sufficient safety against reasonably foreseeable misuse.
536 When designing an assembled nickel-metal hydride pack it is necessary to install protective
537 devices in consideration of charger abnormalities or external short circuits. Attach a
538 temperature sensor (i.e. NTC thermistor) to the battery pack to protect the temperature on the
539 charger side. Depending on the charging and discharging conditions, a combination of a
540 thermostat (circuit breaker), temperature fuse, current fuse, PTC thermistor, etc. is included in
541 the battery pack to protect the temperature and current on the battery pack side as shown in
542 Figure 3.
544 Figure 3 – Example of Protection Device Installation
545 Considerations for Reused or Repurposed Battery Systems
546 6.1 General
547 Unlike new cells, cells that have undergone original use are exposed to varying environments,
548 usage and handling history, and degree of damage and deterioration, resulting in inconsistent
549 quality. In addition, this inconsistency is not limited to a single characteristic, but is complex
550 and diversified. These result in issues when making estimates, and selecting specific
551 parameters. Also, evaluation via sampling is difficult and inaccurate. For safety evaluation of
552 relevant cells and batteries, most existing safety standard test methods are destructive tests,
553 which are not suitable for the evaluation of reused or repurposed batteries of non-uniform
554 quality, and general methods for non-destructive safety evaluation are not established at the
555 time of publication. Therefore, the safety evaluation of relevant cells and batteries shall be
556 conducted using battery lifetime traceability data to confirm that appropriate usage and ha
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...