EN 60865-1:1993

Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

Contains standardized procedures for the calculation of the effects of short-circuit currents in two sections as follows: - the electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors and flexible conductors; the thermal effect on bare conductors. Only a.c. systems for rated voltages up to and including 420 kV are dealt with.

Kurzschlußströme - Berechnung der Wirkung - Teil 1: Begriffe und Berechnungsverfahren

Courants de court-circuit - Calcul des effets - Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul

Comporte les procédures normalisées de calcul des effets des courants de court-circuit, divisée en deux sections: - Section un: Effets électromagnétiques sur les conducteurs rigides et les conducteurs souples. - Section deux: Effets thermiques sur les conducteurs nus. Ne sont traités dans cette norme que les réseaux à courant alternatif et les tensions assignées jusqu'à 72,5 kV inclus.

Kratkostični toki - Računanje učinkov - 1. del: Definicije in računski postopki (IEC 60865-1:1993)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 19-Dec-1993
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-1994
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 73 - Short-circuit currents
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 73 - IEC_TC_73
• Parallel Committee: IEC/TC 73 - IEC_TC_73
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 28-Nov-2014
• Completion Date: 28-Nov-2014
• Ref Project: SIST EN 60865-1:1998 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects -- Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods

Relations

• Replaced By: EN 60865-1:2012 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-1998
.UDWNRVWLþQLWRNL5DþXQDQMHXþLQNRYGHO'HILQLFLMHLQUDþXQVNLSRVWRSNL,(&

Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects -- Part 1: Definitions and calculation
methods
Kurzschlußströme - Berechnung der Wirkung -- Teil 1: Begriffe und
Berechnungsverfahren
Courants de court-circuit - Calcul des effets -- Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60865-1:1993
ICS:
17.220.01 Elektrika. Magnetizem. Electricity. Magnetism.
Splošni vidiki General aspects
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60865-1
Second edition
1993-09
Short-circuit currents –
Calculation of effects –
Part 1:
Definitions and calculation methods

 IEC 1993 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
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International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue

IEC Publication 865-1
Publication 865-1 de la CEI
(Second edition 1993)
(Deuxième édition 1993)
Courants de court-circuit -
Short-circuit currents -
Calcul des effets Calculation of effects
Partie 1: Définitions et méthodes de calcul Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
C O R R I G E N D U M 1
Page 65, table 2
Page 64, tableau 2
In the third column, for a line-to-line short
Dans la troisième colonne, pour un court-
circuit biphasé, au lieu de: circuit, instead of:
1,8
1,8
lire: read:
- (dash)
- (un tiret)
Page 74, figure 2 Page 75, figure 2
Sur la gauche des dessins, ajouter: Add, at the left-hand side of the drawings:
a) a)
and b) respectively.
et b) respectivement.
Page 104, annexe A, article A.2 Page 105, annex A, clause A.2
Replace the last line of the existing equation
Remplacer la dernière ligne de l’équation
existante par la nouvelle ligne suivante: by the following new line:
& (a/d) + 1 a/d (a/d) -1  Oa/d • b/d ⎞
2 arctan - 2 arctan + arctan
⎠
b/d b/d b/d  6
⎭
Mars 1995 March 1995
– 3 –
865-1 ©IEC:1993
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 7
Section 1: General
Clause
1.1 Scope and object 9
1.2 Normative references 9
11 1.3 Equations, symbols and units
1.3.1 Symbols for section 2 – Electromagnetic effects
1.3.2 Symbols for section 3 – Thermal effects
1.4 Definitions
1.4.1 Definitions for section 2 – Electromagnetic effects
1.4.1.1 Main conductor
1.4.1.2 Sub-conductor
1.4.1.3 Fixed support
1.4.1.4 Simple suppo
rt
1.4.1.5 Connecting piece
1.4.1.6 Short-circuit tensile force, F t
1.4.1.7 Drop force, Ff
1.4.1.8 Pinch force, Fpi
Tkl 21
1.4.1.9 Duration of the first short-circuit current flow,
1.4.2 Definitions for section 3 - Thermal effects
1.4.2.1 Thermal equivalent short-time current,
'th
1.4.2.2 Rated short-time withstand current,
Ithr
Sth 21
1.4.2.3 Thermal equivalent short-time current density,
titt, for conductors 21
1.4.2.4 Rated short-time withstand current density, S

Tk 21
1.4.2.5 Duration of short-circuit current,
1.4.2.6 Rated short time, Tkr 21
The electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors
Section 2:
and flexible conductors
2.1 General 23
2.1.1 Influence on stress reduction
2.1.2 Consideration of automatic reclosing
2.2 Rigid conductor arrangements
2.2.1 Calculation of electromagnetic forces
2.2.1.1 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a three-phase
short circuit 25
2.2.1.2 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a line-to-line
short circuit 25
s between coplanar sub-conductors 25
2.2.1.3 Calculation of peak value of for ce
ce between main conductors and between sub-conductors
2.2.1.4 Effective distan
865-1 © IEC:1993 – 5 –
Clause Page
an forces on supports 27
2.2.2 Calculation of stresses in rigid conductors d
2.2.2.1 General 27
2.2.2.2 Calculation of stresses in rigid conductors
q of main conductors composed of sub-conductors 31
2.2.2.3 Section modulus and factor
2.2.2.4 Permitted conductor stress
2.2.2.5 Calculation of forces on supports of rigid conductors
2.2.2.6 Calculation with special regard to conductor oscillation
2.3 Flexible conductor arrangements
2.3.1 General 37
37 2.3.2 Effects on main conductors
2.3.2.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters
circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit
2.3.2.2 Tensile force Ft during short
tensile force)
Ff after short circuit caused by drop (drop force)
2.3.2.3 Tensile force
minimum air clearance amjn 45
2.3.2.4 Horizontal span displacement b h and
2.3.3 Tensile force Fri caused by the pinch effect
2.3.3.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameters
2.3.3.2 Tensile force F in the case of clashing sub-conductors
e of non-clashing sub-conductors 51
2.3.3.3 Tensile force Fri in the cas
2.4 Structure loads due to electromagnetic effects
connectors 53
2.4.1 Design load for post isulators, their suppo rts and
connectors, with tensile forces
2.4.2 Design load for structu res, insulators and
transmitted by insulator chains
2.4.3 Design load for foundations
3: The thermal effect on bare conductors and electrical equipment
Section
3.1 General 57
3.2 Calculation of temperature rise
3.2.1 General 57
3.2.2 Calculation of thermal equivalent short-time current
rated short-time withstand current density
3.2.3 Calculation of temperature rise and
for conductors
3.2.4 Calculation of the thermal short-circuit strength for different durations
of the short-circuit current
3.2.4.1 Electrical equipment
3.2.4.2 Conductors
TABLES
FIGURES
ANNEXES
A Equations for calculation of diagrams
Fpl in the case of
B Iteration-procedure for calculation of factor rl for the tensile force
non-clashing bundled conductors according to IEC 865, 2.3.3.3 equation (62)

865-1 ©IEC:1993 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
CIRCUIT CURRENTS – CALCULATION OF EFFECTS –
SHORT -
Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
and electronic fields. To this
international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical
end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to
technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this
preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also
rnational Organization for Standardization
participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the Inte
(ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on which all
2)
the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
dards, technical repo rts or
rnational use published in the form of st an
3) They have the form of recommendations for inte
they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
guides and
rnational
ational unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Inte
4) In order to promote inte rn
dards. Any divergence
dards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional st an
Stan
dard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
dard and the corresponding national or regional st an
between the IEC St an
International Standard IEC 865-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 73: Short-
circuit currents.
the first edition published in 1986 and constitutes
This second edition cancels and replaces
a technical revision.
the following documents:
The text of this standard is based on
rt on Voting
DIS Repo
73(CO)16 73(CO)18
rt
the approval of this standard can be found in the repo
Full information on the voting for
on voting indicated in the above table.
rt of this standard.
Annex A forms an integral pa
Annex B is for information only.
rts, under the general title: Short-circuit currents –
IEC 865 consists of the following pa
Calculation of effects:
– Part 1: 1993: Definitions and calculation methods;
2: 1994: Examples of calculation (in preparation).
– Part
865-1 ©IEC:1993 – 9 –
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS – CALCULATION OF EFFECTS –
Part l: Definitions and calculation methods
Section 1: General
1.1 Scope and object
ational Standard is applicable to the mechanical and thermal effects of short-
This Intern
circuit currents. It contains standardized procedures for the calculation of the effects of the
short-circuit currents in two sections as follows:
Section 2 - The electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors and flexible conductors.
–
electrical equipment.
- Section 3 - The thermal effect on bare conductors and
insulated conductors reference is made, for example, to IEC 949 and IEC 986.
For cables and
including 420 kV are dealt with in this
Only a.c. systems for rated voltages up to and
standard.
The following points should particularly be noted:
The calculation of short-circuit currents should be based on IEC 909.
1)
dard depends on the protection concept and
2) Short-circuit duration used in this st an
should be considered in that sense.
and contain
3) These standardized procedures are adjusted to practical requirements
simplifications with safety margins. Testing or more detailed methods of calculation or
both may be used.
dard, for arrangements with rigid conductors, only the
4) an
In section 2 of this st
stresses caused by short-circuit currents are calculated. Furthermore, other stresses can
exist, e.g. caused by dead-load, wind, ice, operating forces, earthquake. The
rt of an agree-
combination of these loads with the short-circuit loading should be pa
ment and/or be given by standards, e.g. erection-codes.
exible conductors include the effects of dead-
The tensile forces in arrangements with fl
load. With respect to the combination of other loads the considerations given above
are valid.
1.2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
ational Standard. At the time of publication, the
text constitute provisions of this Inte rn
editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and pa rties
ational Standard are encouraged to investigate the possi-
rn
to agreements based on this Inte
bility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below.
rnational Standards.
Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid Inte

– 11-
865-1 ©IEC:1993
IEC 909: 1988, Short-circuit current calculation in three-phase a.c. systems.
IEC 949: 1988, Calculation of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, taking into
account non-adiabatic heating effects
IEC 986: 1989, Guide to the short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with a
rated voltage from'] ,8/3 (3,6) kV to 18130 (36) kV
1.3 Equations, symbols and units
All equations used in this standard are quantity equations in which quantity symbols
represent physical quantities possessing both numerical values and dimensions.
-units concerned are given in the following
The symbols used in this standard and the SI
lists.
1.3.1 Symbols for section 2 - Electromagnetic effects
A s Cross-section of one sub-conductor m2
m
a Centre-line distance between conductors
m
a m Effective distance between neighbouring main conductors
m
Minimum air clearance
amie
m
as Effective distance between sub-conductors
ce between sub-conductor 1 and sub-conductor n m
al „ Centre-line distan
m
Centre-line distance between sub-conductors
al,
m
as,,,, Effective centre-line dist ance between the sub-conductors in the bundle
b Dimension of a sub-conductor perpendicular to the direction of the force m
be Equivalent static conductor sag at midspan m
m
bh Maximum horizontal displacement
Dimension of a main conductor perpendicular to the direction of the force m
bm
c Factor for the influence of connecting pieces
cth Material constant m4/(A2s)
CD Dilatation factor
CF Form factor 1
m
D Outer diameter of a tubular conductor
d Dimension of a sub-conductor in the direction of the force m
m
dm Dimension of a main conductor in the direction of the force
ds flexible conductor m
Diameter of a
N/m2
E Young's modulus
Es N/m2
Actual Young's modulus
865-1 © IEC:1993 – 13 –
rt circuit N
F Force acting between two parallel long conductors during a sho
Fd of rigid conductors (peak value) N
Force on support
Ff Drop force N
Fm rt circuit N
Force between main conductors during a sho
rt N
Fm2 Force between main conductors during a line-to-line sho circuit
Force on the central main conductor during a balanced three-phase
Fm3
short circuit N
circuit N
FS Force between sub-conductors during a sho rt
Static tensile force in flexible main conductor N
Fst
N
Ft Short-circuit tensile force
Fps Pinch force N
Characteristic electromagnetic force per unit length on flexible
F'
N/m
main conductors
Fv Short-circuit current force between the sub-conductors in a bundle N
Hz
f System frequency
Hz
Relevant natural frequency of a main conductor
Hz
Relevant natural frequency of a sub-conductor
fcs
f^ Factor characterising the contraction of the bundle
g Conventional value of acceleration of gravity m/s2
n
A
Ik3 Three-phase initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s.)
Ike Line-to-line initial symmetrical short-circuit current (r.m.s.) A
A Line-to-earth initial short-circuit current (r.m.s.)
IX!
A ip Peak short-circuit current
circuit A
ip2 Peak short-circuit current in case of a line-to-line sho rt
Peak short-circuit current in case of a balanced three-phase sho
...