EN 60034-4:1995
(Main)Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests
Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests
Applies to three-phase synchronous machines of 1 kVA rating and larger with rated frequency of not more than 400 Hz and not less than 15 Hz. An appendix gives unconfirmed test methods for determining synchronous machine quantities. Notes: 1 -Tests are not applicable to synchronous machines such as permanent magnet field machines, inductor type machines, etc. 2 -They also apply to brushless machines, but certain variations exist and special precautions should be taken.
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kenngrößen von Synchronmaschinen durch Messungen
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination à partir d'essais des grandeurs des machines synchrones
Applicable aux machines synchrones triphasées de puissance nominale égale à 1 kVA et au-dessus et dont la fréquence nominale n'est ni supérieure à 400 Hz, ni inférieure à 15 Hz. ANNEXE A: Méthodes non confirmées pour la détermination à partir d'essais des grandeurs des machines synchrones applicables aux machines synchrones triphasées de puissance nominale égale à 1 kVA et plus et dont la fréquence nominale n'est ni supérieure à 500 Hz, ni inférieure à 10 Hz. Notes: 1. Les méthodes d'essai ne sont pas destinées à être appliquées à des machines synchrones spéciales, telles que les machines à inducteurs à aimants permanents, les machines du type magnéto, etc. 2. Bien que, d'une façon générale, les essais s'appliquent aux machines dépourvues de bagues d'excitation, certaines différences peuvent alors exister et des précautions spéciales devront être prises.
Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests (IEC 60034-4:1985 (Modified))
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1999
Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous
machine quantities from tests (IEC 60034-4:1985 (Modified))
Rotating electrical machines -- Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine
quantities from tests
Drehende elektrische Maschinen -- Teil 4: Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Kenngrößen von
Synchronmaschinen durch Messungen
Machines électriques tournantes -- Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination à partir
d'essais des grandeurs des machines synchrones
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60034-4:1995
ICS:
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
34-4
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STAN DARD
Second edition
Machines électriques tournantes
Partie 4:
Méthodes pour la détermination à partir d'essais
des grandeurs des machines synchrones
Rotating electrical machines
Part 4:
Methods for determining synchronous machine
quantities from tests
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microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. in writing from the publisher
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34-4 ©IEC 1985 — 3 —
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD
PREFACE
SECTION ONE — SCOPE AND OBJECT
Clause
1. Scope
Object 15
2.
SECTION TWO — GENERAL
3. General
SECTION THREE — TERMINOLOGY AND METHODS OF DETERMINATION
4. Direct-axis synchronous reactance Xd 19
5. Short-circuit ratio Kc 19
6. Quadrature -axis synchronous reactance Xq
7. Direct-axis transient reactance Xd'
8. Direct-axis subtransient reactance Xd
Quadrature-axis subtransient reactance 21
9.
10. Negative-sequence reactance X2 23
11. Negative-sequence resistance R2
12. Zero-sequence reactance X0
Zero-sequence resistance Ro 23
13.
14. Potier reactance Xp 25
Armature and excitation winding direct-current resistance Ra and Rf 25
15.
16. Positive-sequence armature winding resistance R I
17. Direct-axis transient open-circuit time constant Tao
Ta 25
18. Direct-axis transient short-circuit time constant
19. Direct-axis subtransient short-circuit time constant T'd'
20. Armature short-circuit time constant Ta 27
21. Acceleration time T J
22. Stored energy constant H
23. Rated excitation current If
n
24. Rated voltage regulation Un
SECTION FOUR — DESCRIPTION OF THE TESTS AND DETERMINATION
OF MACHINE QUANTITIES FROM THESE TESTS
25. No-load saturation test 29
26. Sustained three-phase short-circuit test 31
27. Determination of quantities from the no-load saturation and sustained three-phase short-
circuit characteristics
Overexcitation test at zero power-factor 33
28.
29. Determination of the excitation current corresponding to the rated voltage and rated armature
current at zero power-factor (overexcitation) 35
30. Determination of Potier reactance from the no-load and sustained three-phase short-circuit
characteristics and the excitation current corresponding to the rated voltage and rated arma-
ture current at zero power-factor (overexcited) 37
1985 - 5 -
34-4 © IEC
31. Determination of the rated excitation current by the Potier diagram 37
32. Determination of the rated excitation current by the ASA diagram 41
33. Determination of the rated excitation current by the Swedish diagram 43
34. Negative excitation test 45
35. Determination of Xq from the negative excitation test 45
36. Low slip test 45
37. Determination of Xq from the low slip test
38. On-load test measuring the load angle 8
39. Determination of Xq from the on-load test measuring the load angle
40. Sudden three-phase short-circuit test
Determination of quantities from the sudden three-phase short-circuit test 57
41.
42. Voltage recovery test 59
43. Determination of quantities from the voltage recovery test 61
44. Applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis positions with respect to the
armature winding field axis 61
45. Determination of quantities from the applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and
axis positions with respect to the armature winding field axis 63
quadrature
46. Applied voltage test with the rotor in any arbitrary position 63
47. Determination of quantities from the applied voltage test with the rotor in any arbitrary
position 65
48. Line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 65
49. Determination of quantities from the line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 67
50. Negative-phase sequence test 67
51. Determination of quantities from the negative-phase sequence test 69
52. Single-phase voltage application to the three-phase test 69
53. Determination of quantities from the single-phase voltage application to the three-phase
test
Line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test 71
54.
55. Determination of quantities from the line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test
56. Direct-current winding resistance measurements by the voltmeter and ammeter method and
by the bridge method
57. Determination of winding d.c. resistance from the direct-current winding resistance measure-
ments by the voltmeter and ammeter and by the b ridge methods
58. Field current decay test with the armature winding open-circuited 75
59. Determination of tid o from the field current decay test with the armature winding open-
circuited
60. Field current decay test with the armature winding short-circuited
Determination of t d' from the field current decay test with the armature winding short-
61.
circuited 77
62. Suspended rotor oscillation test 77
63. Determination of ti and H from suspended rotor oscillation test
64. Auxiliary pendulum swing test 79
65. Determination of tiJ and H from the auxiliary pendulum swing test 79
66. No-load retardation test 79
Determination of t and H
67. from the no-load retardation test 81
68. On-load retardation test of mechanically coupled machines with the synchronous machine
operating as a motor 81
34-4 © I EC 1985 - 7 -
of mechanically coupled machines from the on-load retardation
69. Determination of Tj and H
81 test with the synchronous machine operating as a motor
Acceleration after a load drop test with the machine operating as a generator
70.
of mechanically coupled machines from the acceleration after a
71. Determination of TJ and H
83 load drop test with the machine operating as a generator
72. Determination of quantities by calculations using known test quantities
TABLE I
A - Unconfirmed test methods for determining synchronous machine quantities
APPENDIX
from tests
A 1. Scope
A2. Object
91 A3. General
TERMINOLOGY AND METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
fk) 93
A4. Excitation current corresponding to the rated armature short-circuit current (i
A5. Direct-axis synchronous reactance Xd
Xq
A6. Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance
d' A7. Direct-axis transient reactance X
Quadrature-axis transient reactance XQ A8.
Quadrature-axis subtransient reactance Xq A9.
A10. Negative-sequence reactance X2
A11. Armature-leakage reactance X,
Al2. Initial starting impedance of synchronous motors 4
Direct-axis transient open-circuit time constant Tao A13.
T a 97
A14. Direct-axis transient short-circuit time const ant
A15. Quadrature-axis transient open-circuit time constant Tgo
T A16. Quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time constant
ant T a q
A17. Direct-axis subtransient open-circuit time const
-axis subtransient open-circuit time const ant
A18. Quadrature
r 0
A19. Quadrature-axis subtransient short-circuit time constant T
A20. Direct-axis open-circuit excitation winding time constant Tfdo
A21. Direct-axis open-circuit equivalent damper circuit time constant
Tkdo
Tfd -A22. Direct-axis short-circuit excitation winding time constant
Tkd 101
Direct-axis short-circuit equivalent damper winding time constant
A23.
A24. Frequency response characteristics
DESCRIPTION OF THE TESTS AND DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS FROM THESE TESTS
Over-excitation test at zero power factor and va riable armature voltage
A25.
A26. Determination of the excitation current corresponding to the rated armature sustained
short-circuit current (ifk)
A27. Phase shifting test
105 A28. Determination of quantities from the phase shifting test
Disconnecting applied low armature voltage at a very low-slip test
A29.
A30. Determination of quantities from the disconnecting applied low armature voltage at a very
low-slip test
Disconnecting applied low armature voltage test, the machine running asynchronously on
A31.
load
34-4©IEC1985 - 9 -
A32. Determination of quantities from the sudden disconnection of applied low armature vol-
tage, the machine running asynchronously on load, test 111
A33.
Sudden short-circuiting of machine, running on load at low-voltage, test 113
A34. Determination of quantities from sudden short-circuiting, running on load at low voltage
test 113
A35. Sudden line-to-line short-circuit test 115
A36. Determination of negative-sequence reactance from the sudden line-to-line short-circuit
test 115
A37. Suddenly applied short-circuit test following disconnection from line 117
A38. Determination of quantities from the suddenly applied short-circuit test following
disconnection from line 117
A39. Applied voltage test with rotor removed 117
A40. Determination of quantities from the applied voltage test 117
A41.
Locked rotor test 119
A42. Determination of initial starting impedance from the locked rotor test 121
A43. Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited 121
A44. Determination of Tdo from the suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding
open-circuited 123
A45. Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding short-circuited 123
A46. Determination of Td from suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding
short-circuited 123
A47. Voltage recovery test 123
A48. Determination of quantities from the voltage recovery test 125
A49. Field extinguishing test with armature winding open-circuited 125
A50. Determination of quantities from the field extinguishing test with armature winding open-
circuited 125
A51. Field extinguishing test with armature winding short-circuited 129
A52. Determination of quantities from the field extinguishing test with armature winding short-
circuited 129
A53. Asynchronous operation on-load test 129
A54. Determination of frequency response characteristics and quantities from the asynchronous
operation on-load test 131
A55. Asynchronous operation during the low-voltage test 133
A56. Determination of the frequency response characteristics and quantities from the
asynchronous low-voltage operation test 133
Applied vari A57. able frequency voltage test at standstill 135
A58. Determination of the frequency response characteristics and quantities from the applied
variable frequency voltage test at standstill 135
A59. D.C. decay in the armature winding at standstill test 139
A60. Determination of frequency response characteristics and quantities from the d.c. decay
test 141
A61. Suddenly applied d.c. at standstill test 147
A62. Determination of frequency response characteristics from the suddenly applied d.c. at
standstill test 151
A63. Determination of quantities by calculation using known test quantities 153
TABLE IA 155
REFERENCE LIST 161
FIGURES A 1 TO A23 164
- 11 - 34-4 © IEC 1985
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES
Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests
FOREWORD
The formal decisions or agreements of the I E C on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the National
1)
Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion
on the subjects dealt with.
They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
2)
sense.
ational unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the text of
3) In order to promote inte rn
the I E C recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence between the I E C
the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
recommendation and
PREFACE
This standard has been prepared by Sub-Committee 2G: Test Methods and Procedures, of I EC Technical Committee No. 2:
Rotating Machinery.
This second edition replaces the first edition of I EC Publication 34-4 (1967) — incorporating Amendment No. 1(1973) — and the
first edition of I EC Publication 34-4A (1972), first supplement.
In addition, this new edition includes some editorial changes.
rts being:
This standard forms Pa rt 4 of a series of publications dealing with rotating electrical machinery, the other pa
Part 1: Rating and Performance, issued as I EC Publication 34-1 (1983).
Part 2: Methods for Determining Losses and Efficiency of Rotating Electrical Machinery from Tests (excluding Machines for
Traction Vehicles), issued as I EC Publication 34-2 (1972).
Part 3: Ratings and Characteristics of Three-phase, 50 Hz Turbine-type Machines, issued as I EC Publication 34-3 (1968).
5: Classification of Degrees of Protection provided by Enclosures for Rotating Machines, issued as I EC Publication 34-5
Part
(1981).
6: Methods of Cooling Rotating Machinery, issued as I EC Publication 34-6 (1969).
Part
gements of Rotating Electrical Machinery, issued as
Part 7: Symbols fo
...
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