EN 60086-4:2015

Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries

IEC 60086-4:2014 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - Harmonisation with the second edition of IEC 62281; - Alternative protective circuits in 7.1.1; - More information regarding risks of swallowing lithium batteries in (former) 7.2.m) and promotion of this item to 7.2a); - A new Annex D with pictograms for some of the safety precautions in 7.2. Keywords: lithium batteries

Primärbatterien - Teil 4: Sicherheit von Lithium-Batterien

Piles électriques - Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium

L'IEC 60086-4:2014 spécifie les essais et les exigences pour les piles électriques au lithium afin d'assurer leur fonctionnement en toute sécurité dans les conditions d'utilisation prévue et en cas de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2007. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: - Harmonisation avec la deuxième édition de l'IEC 62281; - Circuits de protection en variante en 7.1.1; - Plus d'informations relatives aux risques d'ingestion des piles au lithium en (précédemment) 7.2m) et avancement en priorité de cet élément à 7.2a); - Nouvelle Annexe D avec pictogrammes pour certaines des précautions de sécurité en 7.2. Mots clés: piles électriques au lithium

Primarne baterije - 4. del: Varnostni standard za litijeve baterije (IEC 60086-4:2014)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 08-Jan-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 07-Oct-2017
• ICS: 29.220.10 - Primary cells and batteries
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 35 - Primary batteries
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 35 - IEC_TC_35
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 30-May-2022
• Completion Date: 30-May-2022
• Ref Project: SIST EN 60086-4:2015 - Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries (IEC 60086-4:2014)

Relations

• Replaces: EN 60086-4:2007 - Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2023
• Replaced By: EN IEC 60086-4:2019 - Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Primarne baterije - 4. del: Varnostni standard za litijeve baterije (IEC 60086-4:2014)Primärbatterien - Teil 4: Sicherheit von Lithium-Batterien (IEC 60086-4:2014)Piles électriques - Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium (IEC 60086-4:2014)Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries (IEC 60086-4:2014)29.220.10Primary cells and batteriesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 60086-4:2015SIST EN 60086-4:2015en01-julij-2015SIST EN 60086-4:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 60086-4:20081DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 60086-4
January 2015 ICS 29.220.10
Supersedes
EN 60086-4:2007
English Version
Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries (IEC 60086-4:2014)
Piles électriques - Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium (IEC 60086-4:2014)
Primärbatterien - Teil 4: Sicherheit von Lithium-Batterien (IEC 60086-4:2014) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-10-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 60086-4:2015 E SIST EN 60086-4:2015

Foreword The text of document 35/1324/FDIS, future edition 4 of IEC 60086-4, prepared by IEC TC 35 "Primary cells and batteries" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60086-4:2015. The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-07-09 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-10-08
This document supersedes EN 60086-4:2007. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60086-4:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60027-1:1992 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 60027-1:1992. IEC 60068-2-6:1995 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6:1995. IEC 60068-2-27:1987 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27:1987. IEC 60068-2-31:2008 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 60068-2-31:2008. IEC 60086-5:2011 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 60086-5:2011. IEC 60617 (Series) NOTE
Harmonized as EN 60617 (Series). IEC 62133 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 62133. IEC 61960 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 61960. IEC 62281 NOTE
Harmonized as EN 62281.
- 3 - EN 60086-4:2015
Annex ZA (normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60086-1 2011
Primary batteries -- Part 1: General EN 60086-1 2011
IEC 60086-2 -
Primary batteries -- Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications EN 60086-2 -
IEC 60086-4 Edition 4.0 2014-09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Primary batteries – Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
Piles électriques –
Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE W ICS 29.220.10 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1829-7
– 2 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Requirements for safety . 11 4.1 Design . 11 4.2 Quality plan . 11 5 Sampling . 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Test samples . 11 6 Testing and requirements . 12 6.1 General . 12 6.1.1 Test application matrix . 12 6.1.2 Safety notice . 13 6.1.3 Ambient temperature . 13 6.1.4 Parameter measurement tolerances . 13 6.1.5 Predischarge . 14 6.1.6 Additional cells . 14 6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14 6.2.1 Short-circuit . 14 6.2.2 Excessive temperature rise . 14 6.2.3 Leakage . 14 6.2.4 Venting . 14 6.2.5 Fire . 14 6.2.6 Rupture . 15 6.2.7 Explosion . 15 6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 15 6.4 Tests for intended use . 16 6.4.1 Test A: Altitude . 16 6.4.2 Test B: Thermal cycling . 16 6.4.3 Test C: Vibration . 17 6.4.4 Test D: Shock . 18 6.5 Tests for reasonably foreseeable misuse . 19 6.5.1 Test E: External short-circuit . 19 6.5.2 Test F: Impact . 19 6.5.3 Test G: Crush . 20 6.5.4 Test H: Forced discharge. 21 6.5.5 Test I: Abnormal charging . 21 6.5.6 Test J: Free fall . 21 6.5.7 Test K: Thermal abuse . 22 6.5.8 Test L: Incorrect installation . 22 6.5.9 Test M: Overdischarge . 23 6.6 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 24 6.7 Evaluation and report . 24 7 Information for safety . 24 SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 – 7.1 Safety precautions during design of equipment . 24 7.1.1 General . 24 7.1.2 Charge protection . 25 7.1.3 Parallel connection . 25 7.2 Safety precautions during handling of batteries . 25 7.3 Packaging . 27 7.4 Handling of battery cartons . 27 7.5 Transport . 28 7.5.1 General . 28 7.5.2 Air transport . 28 7.5.3 Sea transport . 28 7.5.4 Land transport . 28 7.6 Display and storage . 28 7.7 Disposal . 28 8 Instructions for use . 29 9 Marking . 29 9.1 General . 29 9.2 Small batteries . 30 9.3 Safety pictograms . 30 Annex A (informative)
Guidelines for the achievement of safety of lithium batteries . 31 Annex B (informative)
Guidelines for designers of equipment using lithium batteries . 32 Annex C (informative)
Additional information on display and storage . 35 Annex D (informative)
Safety pictograms . 36 D.1 General . 36 D.2 Pictograms . 36 D.3 Instruction for use . 37 Bibliography . 38
Figure 1 – Mesh screen . 15 Figure 2 – Thermal cycling procedure . 17 Figure 3 – Example of a test set-up for the impact test . 19 Figure 4 – Examples of a test set-up for the crush test . 20 Figure 5 – Axes for free fall . 22 Figure 6 – Circuit diagram for incorrect installation . 22 Figure 7 – Circuit diagram for overdischarge . 23 Figure 8 – Examples of safety wiring for charge protection . 25 Figure 9 – Ingestion gauge . 26 Figure 10 – Example for warning against swallowing,
particularly lithium coin cell batteries . 26 Figure A.1 – Battery design guidelines . 31
Table 1 – Number of test samples . 12 Table 2 – Test application matrix . 13 Table 3 – Mass loss limits . 14 Table 4 – Tests and requirements . 16 Table 5 – Vibration profile (sinusoidal) . 18 SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 4 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 Table 6 – Shock parameters . 18 Table 7 – Resistive load for overdischarge . 23 Table 8 – Parameters to be specified . 24 Table B.1 – Equipment design guidelines (1 of 3) . 32 Table D.1 – Safety pictograms (1 of 2) . 36
IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 5 – INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60086-4 has been prepared by technical committee 35: Primary cells and batteries. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Harmonisation with the second edition of IEC 62281 [12]1; b) Alternative protective circuits in 7.1.1; ——————— 1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography. SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 6 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 c) More information regarding risks of swallowing lithium batteries in (former) 7.2.m) and promotion of this item to 7.2a); d) A new Annex D with pictograms for some of the safety precautions in 7.2. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 35/1324/FDIS 35/1332/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. NOTE The following print types are used: – requirements: in roman type; – instructions/warnings for consumers: in italic type. A list of all parts in the IEC 60086 series, under the general title Primary batteries, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed, • withdrawn, • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 7 – INTRODUCTION The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property. This standard specifies tests and requirements for lithium batteries and has been prepared in accordance with ISO/IEC guidelines, taking into account all relevant national and international standards which apply. Lithium batteries are different from conventional primary batteries using aqueous electrolyte in that they contain flammable materials. Consequently, it is important to carefully consider safety during design, production, distribution, use, and disposal of lithium batteries. Based on such special characteristics, lithium batteries for consumer applications were initially small in size and had low power output. There were also lithium batteries with high power output which were used for special industrial and military applications and were characterized as being “technician replaceable”. The first edition of this standard was drafted to accommodate this situation. However, from around the end of the 1980s, lithium batteries with high power output started to be widely used in the consumer replacement market, mainly as a power source in camera applications. Since the demand for such lithium batteries with high power output significantly increased, various manufacturers started to produce these types of lithium batteries. As a consequence of this situation, the safety aspects for lithium batteries with high power output were included in the second edition of this standard. Primary lithium batteries both for consumer and industrial applications are well-established safe and reliable products in the market, which is at least partly due to the existence of safety standards such as this standard and, for transport, IEC 62281. The fourth edition of this standard therefore reflects only minor changes which became necessary in order to keep it harmonized with IEC 62281 and to continuously improve the user information about safety related matters. Guidelines addressing safety issues during the design of lithium batteries are provided in Annex A. Annex B provides guidelines addressing safety issues during the design of equipment where lithium batteries are installed. Both Annex A and B reflect experience with lithium batteries used in camera applications and are based on [20].
Safety is freedom from unacceptable risk. There can be no absolute safety: some risk will remain. Therefore a product, process or service can only be relatively safe. Safety is achieved by reducing risk to a tolerable level determined by the search for an optimal balance between the ideal of absolute safety and the demands to be met by a product, process or service, and factors such as benefit to the user, suitability for purpose, cost effectiveness, and conventions of the society concerned. As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions and recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this standard, when followed on a judicious “use when applicable” basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for safety. SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 8 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
1 Scope This Part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. NOTE Primary lithium batteries that are standardized in IEC 60086-2 are expected to meet all applicable requirements herein. It is understood that consideration of this part of IEC 60086 might also be given to measuring and/or ensuring the safety of non-standardized primary lithium batteries. In either case, no claim or warranty is made that compliance or non-compliance with this standard will fulfil or not fulfil any of the user’s particular purposes or needs. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60086-1:2011, Primary batteries – Part 1: General IEC 60086-2, Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Certain definitions taken from IEC 60050-482, IEC 60086-1, and IEC Guide 51 are repeated below for convenience. 3.1
battery one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, with terminals, markings and protective devices etc., as necessary for use [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-04, modified ("fitted with devices necessary for use, for example case" replaced by "electrically connected and fitted in a case", addition of "etc., as necessary for use")] 3.2
coin cell coin battery small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter Note 1 to entry: In English, the term “coin (cell or battery)” is used for lithium batteries only while the term “button (cell or battery)” is only used for non-lithium batteries. In languages other than English, the terms “coin” and “button” are often used interchangeably, regardless of the electrochemical system. [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-40, modified (term “button” deleted, NOTE “In practice terms, the term coin is used exclusively for non-aqueous lithium cells.” replaced with a different note)] SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 9 – 3.3
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-01] 3.4
component cell cell contained in a battery 3.5
cylindrical (cell or battery) round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39, modified ("cell with a cylindrical shape" replaced by "round cell or battery")] 3.6
depth of discharge DOD percentage of rated capacity discharged from a battery 3.7
fully discharged state of charge of a cell or battery corresponding to 100 % depth of discharge 3.8
harm physical injury or damage to health of people, or damage to property or the environment [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.3] 3.9
hazard potential source of harm [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.5, modified (removal of NOTE)] 3.10
intended use use of a product, process or service in accordance with information provided by the supplier [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.13] 3.11
large battery battery with a gross mass of more than 12 kg 3.12
large cell cell with a gross mass of more than 500 g SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 10 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 3.13
lithium cell cell containing a non-aqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode of lithium or containing lithium [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 482-01-06, modified (removal of NOTE)] 3.14
nominal voltage suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell, a battery or an electrochemical system [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-31] 3.15
open circuit voltage OCV, UOC, off-load voltage voltage across the terminals of a cell or battery when no external current is flowing [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-32, modified (alternative terms “OCV, UOC, off-load voltage” added, “across the terminals” added, “when the discharge current is zero” replaced with “when no external current is flowing”)] 3.16
prismatic cell prismatic battery qualifies a cell or a battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-38] 3.17
protective devices
devices such as fuses, diodes or other electric or electronic current limiters designed to interrupt the current flow, block the current flow in one direction or limit the current flow in an electrical circuit 3.18
rated capacity capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer [SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-15, modified ("cell or" added)] 3.19
reasonably foreseeable misuse use of a product, process or service in a way not intended by the supplier, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.14] 3.20
risk combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.2] SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 11 – 3.21
safety freedom from unacceptable risk [SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.1] 3.22
undischarged
state of charge of a primary cell or battery corresponding to 0 % depth of discharge 4 Requirements for safety 4.1 Design Lithium batteries are categorized by their chemical composition (anode, cathode, electrolyte), internal construction (bobbin, spiral) and are available in cylindrical, coin and prismatic configurations. It is necessary to consider all relevant safety aspects at the battery design stage, recognizing the fact that they can differ considerably, depending on the specific lithium system, power capability and battery configuration. The following design concepts for safety are common to all lithium batteries: a) Abnormal temperature rise above the critical value defined by the manufacturer shall be prevented by design. b) Temperature increases in the battery shall be controlled by a design which limits current flow. c) Lithium cells and batteries shall be designed to relieve excessive internal pressure or to preclude a violent rupture under conditions of transport, intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. See Annex A for guidelines for the achievement of safety of lithium batteries. 4.2 Quality plan The manufacturer shall prepare and implement a quality plan defining the procedures for the inspection of materials, components, cells and batteries during the course of manufacture, to be applied to the total process of producing a specific type of battery. Manufacturers should understand their process capabilities and should institute the necessary process controls as they relate to product safety. 5 Sampling 5.1 General Samples should be drawn from production lots in accordance with accepted statistical methods. 5.2 Test samples The number of test samples is given in Table 1. The same test cells and batteries are used for tests A to E in sequence. New test cells and batteries are required for each of tests F to M.
– 12 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 Table 1 – Number of test samples Tests Discharge state Cells and single
cell batteriesa Multi-cell batteries Tests A to E Undischarged 10 4 Fully discharged 10 4 Test F or G Undischarged 5 5 component cells Fully discharged 5 5 component cells Test H Fully discharged 10 10 component cells Tests I to K Undischarged 5 5 Test L
Undischarged 20 (see Note 1) n/a Test M
50 % predischarged 20 (see Note 2) n/a 75 % predischarged 20 (see Note 3) n/a a
single cell batteries containing one tested component cell do not require re-testing unless the change could result in a failure of any of the tests. Key: n/a: not applicable NOTE 1 Four batteries connected in series with one of the four batteries reversed (5 sets). NOTE 2 Four batteries connected in series, one of which is 50 % predischarged (5 sets). NOTE 3 Four batteries connected in series, one of which is 75 % predischarged (5 sets).
6 Testing and requirements 6.1 General 6.1.1 Test application matrix Applicability of test methods to test cells and batteries is shown in Table 2. SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 13 – Table 2 – Test application matrix Form Applicable tests A B C D E F G H I J K L M s x x x x x x a x a x x x x x b x c m x x x x x x a, d x a, d x d x x x n/a n/a Test description: Key: Intended use tests Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests Form
A: Altitude B: Thermal cycling C: Vibration D: Shock E: External short-circuit F: Impact G: Crush H: Forced discharge I: Abnormal charging J: Free fall K: Thermal abuse L: Incorrect installation M: Overdischarge s: cell or single cell battery m: multi cell battery Applicability
x: applicable n/a: not applicable a Only one test shall be applied, test F or test G. b Only applicable to CR17345, CR15H270 and similar type batteries of a spiral construction that could be installed incorrectly and charged. c Only applicable to CR17345, CR15H270 and similar type batteries of a spiral construction that could be overdischarged. d Test applies to the component cells.
6.1.2 Safety notice WARNING: These tests call for the use of procedures which can result in injury if adequate precautions are not taken.
It has been assumed in the drafting of these tests that their execution is undertaken by appropriately qualified and experienced technicians using adequate protection.
6.1.3 Ambient temperature Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C. 6.1.4 Parameter measurement tolerances
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual parameters, shall be within the following tolerances: a) ± 1 % for voltage; b) ± 1 %
for current; c) ± 2 °C
for temperature; d) ± 0,1 % for time; e) ± 1 %
for dimensions; f) ± 1 %
for capacity. These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the measurement techniques used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure. SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 14 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 6.1.5 Predischarge Where a test requires predischarge, the test cells or batteries shall be discharged to the respective depth of discharge on a resistive load with which the rated capacity is obtained or at a current specified by the manufacturer. 6.1.6 Additional cells Where additional cells are required to perform a test, they shall be of the same type and, preferably, from the same production lot as the test cell. 6.2 Evaluation of test criteria 6.2.1 Short-circuit A short-circuit is considered to have occurred during a test if the open-circuit voltage of the cell or battery immediately after the test is less than 90 % of its voltage prior to the test. This requirement is not applicable to test cells and batteries in fully discharged states. 6.2.2 Excessive temperature rise An excessive temperature rise is considered to have occurred during a test if the external case temperature of the test cell or battery rises above 170 °C. 6.2.3 Leakage Leakage is considered to have occurred during a test if there is visible escape of electrolyte or other material from the test cell or battery, or the loss of material (except battery casing, handling devices or labels) from the test cell or battery such that the mass loss exceeds the limits in Table 3. In order to quantify mass loss ∆m / m, the following equation is provided:
% 100
-
/ 121×=ûmmmmm Where m1 is the mass before a test; m2 is the mass after that test. Table 3 – Mass loss limits Mass of cell or battery m Mass loss limit ∆m / m m < 1 g 0,5 % 1 g ≤ m ≤ 75 g 0,2 % m > 75 g 0,1 %
6.2.4 Venting Venting is considered to have occurred if, during a test, an excessive build up of internal gas pressure escapes from a cell or battery through a safety feature designed for this purpose. This gas may include entrapped materials. 6.2.5 Fire A fire is considered to have occurred if, during a test, flames are emitted from the test cell or battery. SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 15 – 6.2.6 Rupture A rupture is considered to have occurred if, during a test, a cell container or battery case has mechanically failed, resulting in expulsion of gas, spillage of liquids, or ejection of solid materials but no explosion. 6.2.7 Explosion An explosion is considered to have occurred if, during a test, solid matter from any part of a cell or battery has penetrated a wire mesh screen as shown in Figure 1, centred over the cell or battery on the steel plate. The screen shall be made from annealed aluminium wire with a diameter of 0,25 mm and a grid density of 6 to 7 wires per cm.
NOTE The figure shows an aluminium wire mesh screen (1) of octagonal shape resting on a steel plate (2).
Figure 1 – Mesh screen 6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview This standard provides safety tests for intended use (tests A to D) and reasonably foreseeable misuse (tests E to M).
Table 4 contains an overview of the tests and requirements for intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. IEC 0,6 m 0,6 m 0,3 m 2 1 SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 16 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 Table 4 – Tests and requirements Test number Designation Requirements Intended use tests A Altitude
NL, NV, NC, NR, NE, NF B Thermal cycling
NL, NV, NC, NR, NE, NF C Vibration
NL, NV, NC, NR, NE, NF D Shock
NL, NV, NC, NR, NE, NF Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests E External short-circuit NT, NR, NE, NF F Impact
NT, NE, NF G Crush NT, NE, NF H Forced discharge NE, NF
I Abnormal charging NE, NF
J Free fall NV, NE, NF
K Thermal abuse NE, NF
L Incorrect installation NE, NF M Overdischarge NE, NF Tests A through E shall be conducted in sequence on the same cell or battery. Tests F and G are provided as alternatives. Only one of them shall be conducted. Key NC: No short-circuit NE: No explosion NF: No fire NL: No leakage
NR: No rupture NT: No excessive temperature rise NV: No venting See 6.2 for a detailed description of the test criteria.
6.4 Tests for intended use
6.4.1 Test A: Altitude
a) Purpose This test simulates air transport under low pressure conditions. b) Test procedure Test cells and batteries shall be stored at a pressure of 11,6 kPa or less for at least 6 h at ambient temperature. c) Requirements There shall be no leakage, no venting, no short-circuit, no rupture, no explosion and no fire during this test. 6.4.2 Test B: Thermal cycling a) Purpose This test assesses cell and battery seal integrity and that of their internal electrical connections. The test is conducted using temperature cycling.
b) Test procedure Test cells and batteries shall be stored for at least 6 h at a test temperature of 72 °C, followed by storage for at least 6 h at a test temperature of –40 °C. The maximum time for SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 17 – transfer to each temperature shall be 30 min. Each test cell and battery shall undergo this procedure 10 times. This is then followed by storage for at least 24 h at ambient temperature.
NOTE Figure 2 shows one of ten cycles. For large cells and batteries the duration of exposure to the test temperatures shall be at least 12 h instead of 6 h. The test shall be conducted using the test cells and batteries previously subjected to the altitude test.
Key t1 ≤ 30 min t2 ≥ 6 h (12 h for large cells and batteries) Figure 2 – Thermal cycling procedure c) Requirements There shall be no leakage, no venting, no short-circuit, no rupture, no explosion and no fire during this test. 6.4.3 Test C: Vibration a) Purpose This test simulates vibration during transport. The test condition is based on the range of vibrations as given by ICAO [2]. b) Test procedure Test cells and batteries shall be firmly secured to the platform of the vibration machine without distorting them and in such a manner as to faithfully transmit the vibration. Test cells and batteries shall be subjected to sinusoidal vibration according to Table 5 which shows a different upper acceleration amplitude for large batteries. This cycle shall be repeated 12 times for a total of 3 h for each of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions. One of the directions shall be perpendicular to the terminal face. The test shall be conducted using the test cells and batteries previously subjected to the thermal cycling test. IEC +72 °C –40 °C t2 t1 t2 t1 SIST EN 60086-4:2015

– 18 – IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 Table 5 – Vibration profile (sinusoidal) Frequency range Amplitudes Duration of logarithmic sweep cycle
(7 Hz – 200 Hz – 7 Hz) Axis Number of cycles From To f1 = 7 Hz f2 a1 = 1 gn 15 min X 12 f2 f3 s = 0,8 mm Y 12 f3 f4 = 200 Hz a2 Z 12 and back to f1 = 7 Hz Total 36 NOTE Vibration amplitude is the maximum absolute value of displacement or acceleration. For example, a displacement amplitude of 0,8 mm corresponds to a peak-to-peak displacement of 1,6 mm. Key f1, f4 lower and upper frequency f2, f3 cross-over frequencies;
f2
≈ 17,62 Hz; and f3
≈ 49,84 Hz, except for large batteries, where f3 ≈ 24,92 Hz
a1, a2 acceleration amplitude a2 = 8 gn except for large batteries, where a2 = 2 gn
s displacement amplitude NOTE gn = 9,80665 m / s2
c) Requirements There shall be no leakage, no venting, no short-circuit, no rupture, no explosion and no fire during this test. 6.4.4 Test D: Shock a) Purpose This test simulates rough handling during transport. b) Test procedure Test cells and batteries shall be secured to the testing machine by means of a rigid mount which will support all mounting surfaces of each test cell or battery. Each test cell or battery shall be subjected to 3 shocks in each direction of three mutually perpendicular mounting positions of the cell or battery for a total of 18 shocks. For each shock, the parameters given in Table 6 shall be applied. Table 6 – Shock parameters
Waveform Peak acceleration Pulse duration Number of shocks per half axis Cells or batteries except large ones Half sine 150 gn 6 ms 3 Large cells or batteries Half sine 50 gn 11 ms 3 NOTE gn = 9,80665 m / s²
The test shall be conducted using the test cells and batteries previously subjected to the vibration test. c) Requirements There shall be no leakage, no venting, no short-circuit, no rupture, no explosion and no fire during this test. SIST EN 60086-4:2015

IEC 60086-4:2014 © IEC 2014 – 19 – 6.5 Tests for reasonably foreseeable misuse
6.5.1 Test E: External short-circuit a) Purpose This test simulates conditions resulting in an external short-circuit. b) Test procedure The test cell or battery shall be stabilized at an external case temperature of 55 °C and then subjected to a short-circuit condition with a total external resistance of less tha
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