EN 60825-2:2004
(Main)Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great distance from the optical source. This standard requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement for classification according to EN 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation. Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard. The objective of this Part 2 of EN 60825 is to: - protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS; - provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so that proper precautions can be adopted; - ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Sicherheit von Lasereinrichtungen - Teil 2: Sicherheit von Lichtwellenleiter-Kommunikationssystemen (LWLKS)
Sécurité des appareils à laser - Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques (STFO)
Provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great distance from the optical source. This standard requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement for classification according to EN 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation. Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard. The objective of this Part 2 of EN 60825 is to: - protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS; - provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so that proper precautions can be adopted; - ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Varnost laserskih izdelkov – 2. del: Varnost komunikacijskih sistemov z optičnimi vlakni (OFCS) (IEC 60825-2:2004)
Ta 2. del IEC 60825 podaja zahteve in posebna navodila za varno obratovanje in vzdrževanje komunikacijskih sistemov z optičnimi vlakni (OFCS). V teh sistemih je optična moč lahko dostopna izven omejitev opreme za prenos ali na veliki razdalji od optičnega vira. Ta standard zahteva oceno stopenj nevarnosti na dostopnih lokacijah kot nadomestilo za razvrstitev v skladu z IEC 60825-1. Velja za celotne nameščene OFCS med dvema točkama, vključno z njihovimi sestavnimi deli in podsklopi, ki generirajo ali ojačajo optično sevanje. Ni treba, da so posamezni sestavni deli in podsklopi, ki se prodajajo samo prodajalcem-proizvajalcem originalne opreme (OEM) za vgradnjo v kompletne nameščene OFCS med dvema točkama, ocenjeni po tem standardu, saj mora biti sam končni OFCS ocenjen v skladu s tem standardom. Namen tega 2. dela IEC 60825 je: - zaščititi ljudi pred optičnim sevanjem, ki ga povzroča OFCS; - zagotoviti zahteve za proizvajalce, organizacije, ki nameščajo, servisne organizacije in organizacije za obratovanje, z namenom vzpostaviti postopke in zagotoviti podatke, da bi lahko bili zagotovljeni ustrezni varnostni ukrepi; - zagotoviti, da so posameznikom zagotovljena ustrezna opozorila glede morebitnih nevarnosti, povezanih z OFCS, z uporabo znakov, oznak in navodil.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60825-2:2001
9DUQRVWODVHUVNLKL]GHONRY±GHO 9DUQRVWNRPXQLNDFLMVNLKVLVWHPRY]RSWLþQLPL
YODNQL 2)&6 ,(&
Safety of laser products -- Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Sicherheit von Lasereinrichtungen -- Teil 2: Sicherheit von Lichtwellenleiter-
Kommunikationssystemen (LWLKS)
Sécurité des appareils à laser -- Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60825-2:2004
ICS:
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
33.180.01 6LVWHPL]RSWLþQLPLYODNQLQD Fibre optic systems in
VSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60825-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2004
ICS 31.260 ; 33.180.01 Supersedes EN 60825-2:2000
English version
Safety of laser products
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
(IEC 60825-2:2004)
Sécurité des appareils à laser Sicherheit von Lasereinrichtungen
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes Teil 2: Sicherheit von Lichtwellenleiter-
de télécommunication par fibres optiques Kommunikationssystemen (LWLKS)
(STFO) (IEC 60825-2:2004)
(CEI 60825-2:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60825-2:2004 E
Foreword
The text of document 76/288/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60825-2, prepared by IEC TC 76, Optical
radiation safety and laser equipment, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 60825-2 on 2004-09-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60825-2:2000. It constitutes a technical revision to bring the
hazard level nomenclature used in this document into correspondence with the revised classification
system introduced in amendment A2:2001 to EN 60825-1:1994. Additionally, the standard has been
thoroughly revised throughout.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-06-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-09-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60825-2:2004 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 60825-2:2004
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60825-1 1993 Safety of laser products EN 60825-1 1994
Part 1: Equipment classification, + Corr. February 1995
requirements and user's guide
A1 1997 A1 2002
A2 2001 A2 2001
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60825-2
Third edition
2004-06
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
© IEC 2004 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
X
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope and object.6
2 Normative references.7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Requirements.10
4.1 General.10
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS.10
4.3 Fibre cables.10
4.4 Cable connectors.10
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses .11
4.6 Labelling or marking.12
4.7 Organizational requirements .13
4.8 Assessment of hazard level .15
4.9 Hazard level requirements by location type .16
Annex A (informative) Rationale .17
Annex B (informative) Summary of requirements at locations in OFCS .18
Annex C (informative) Methods of hazard/safety analysis .19
Annex D (informative) Application notes for the safe use of OFCS .20
Annex E (informative) Guidance for service and maintenance .44
Annex F (informative) Clarification of the meaning of “hazard level” .47
Bibliography .49
Figure D.1 – PON (passive optical network)-based system .30
Figure D.2 – Simple laser drive circuit .32
Figure D.3 – Risk graph example from IEC 61508-5 Clause D.5.35
Figure D.4 – Graph of FIT rate and mean time to repair .38
Table D.1 – OFCS power limits for 11 µm single mode (SM) fibres and 0,18 numerical
aperture multimode (MM) fibres (core diameter < 150 µm) .23
Table D.2 – Relation between the number of fibres in a ribbon fibre and the maximum
permitted power (example).29
Table D.3 – Identification of components and failure modes (example).32
Table D.4 – Beta values (example).33
Table D.5 – Determination of failure rates (example) .34
Table D.6 – Consequence classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1.35
Table D.7 – Frequency classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .36
Table D.8 – Possibility of avoiding hazard classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .36
Table D.9 – Classification of the probability of the unwanted occurrence from
IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .36
Table D.10 – Modes of operation – Definitions from IEC 61508-4, 3.5.12 .37
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 3 –
Table D.11 – SIL Values from IEC 61508-1, 7.6.2.9 .37
Table D.12 – Determination of equipment monitoring classification .39
Table D.13 – FIT rates from example above .40
Table D.14 – Examples of power limits for OFCS having automatic power reduction to
reduce emissions to a lower hazard level .43
– 4 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60825-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76:
Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2000. It constitutes a
technical revision to bring the hazard level nomenclature used in this document into
correspondence with the revised classification system introduced in IEC 60825-1(2001).
Additionally, the standard has been thoroughly revised throughout.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/288/FDIS 76/293/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 5 –
IEC 60825 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of laser products:
Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Part 3: Guidance for laser displays and shows
Part 4: Laser guards
Part 5: Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1
Part 6: Safety of products with optical sources, exclusively used for visible information
transmission to the human eye
Part 7: Safety of products emitting infrared optical radiation, exclusively used for wireless
'free air' data transmission and surveillance
Part 8: Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment
Part 9: Compilation of maximum permissible exposure to incoherent optical radiation
Part 10: Application guidelines and explanatory notes to IEC 60825-1
Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of
information
Part 14: A user’s guide
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be published at a later date.
– 6 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
1 Scope and object
This Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation
and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical
power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great
distance from the optical source.
This Part 2 requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement
for classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end
OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation.
Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation
into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the
final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard.
NOTE The above statement is not intended to prevent manufacturers of such components and subassemblies
from using this standard if they wish to do so, or are required to do so by contract.
This standard does not apply to optical fibre systems primarily designed to transmit optical
power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, OFCS may also give rise to other
hazards, such as fire.
This standard does not address safety issues associated with explosion or fire with respect to
OFCS deployed in explosive atmospheres.
Throughout this part of IEC 60825, a reference to ‘laser’ is taken to include light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) and optical amplifiers.
The objective of this Part 2 of IEC 60825 is to:
– protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS;
– provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations
and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so
that proper precautions can be adopted;
– ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards
associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Annex A gives a more detailed rationale for this part of IEC 60825.
The safety of an OFCS depends to a significant degree on the characteristics of the
equipment forming that system. Depending on the characteristics of the equipment, it may be
necessary to mark safety relevant information on the product or include it within the
instructions for use.
Where required by the level of potential hazard, it places the responsibility for the safe
deployment and use of these systems on the installer or end-user / operating organization or
both. This standard places the responsibility for adherence to safety instructions during
installation and service operations on the installation organization and service organizations
as appropriate, and operation and maintenance functions on the end-user or Operating
organization. It is recognised that the user of this standard may fall into one or more of the
aforementioned categories of manufacturer, installation organization, end-user or operating
organization.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 7 –
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and
1)
user's guide
Amendment 1 (1997)
Amendment 2 (2001)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in IEC 60825-1 as well
as the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible location
any part or location within an OFCS at which, under reasonably foreseeable events, human
access to laser radiation is possible without the use of a tool
3.2
automatic power reduction (APR)
a feature of an OFCS by which the accessible power is reduced to a specified level within a
specified time, whenever there is an event which could result in human exposure to radiation,
e.g. a fibre cable break
NOTE The term “automatic power reduction” (APR) used in this standard encompasses the following terms used
in recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union ITU:
– automatic laser shutdown (ALS);
– automatic power reduction (APR);
– automatic power shutdown (APSD).
3.3
end-user
person or organization using the OFCS in the manner the system was designed to be used
NOTE 1 The end-user cannot necessarily control the power generated and transmitted within the system.
NOTE 2 If the person or organization is using the OFCS for a communications application in a manner other than
as designed by the manufacturer, then that person/organization assumes the responsibilities of a manufacturer or
installation organization.
3.4
hazard level
the potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS. It is based on the level of
optical radiation which could become accessible in a reasonably foreseeable event, e.g. a
fibre cable break. It is closely related to the laser classification procedure in IEC 60825-1
3.5
hazard level 1
hazard level 1 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under
reasonably foreseeable events, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur
___________
1)
A consolidated edition 1.2 exists including IEC 60825-1 (1993) and its Amendment 1 (1997) and Amendment 2
(2001).
– 8 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
3.6
hazard level 1M
hazard level 1M is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur,
whereby the level of radiation is measured with the measurement conditions for Class 1M
laser products (see IEC 60825-1)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M is larger than the limit of 2 or 3R and less than the limit of 3B,
hazard level 1M is allocated.
3.7
hazard level 2
hazard level 2 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M is larger than the limit of 2 and less than the limit of 3B, hazard
level 1M is allocated.
3.8
hazard level 2M
hazard level 2M is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur,
whereby the level of radiation is measured with the measurement conditions for Class 2M
laser products (see IEC 60825-1)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 2M is larger than the limit of 3R and less than the limit of 3B, hazard
level 2M is allocated.
3.9
hazard level 3R
hazard level 3R is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3R for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M or 2M is larger than the limit of 3R and less than the limit of 3B,
hazard level 1M or 2M is allocated.
3.10
hazard level 3B
hazard level 3B is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur
3.11
hazard level 4
hazard level 4 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration may occur
NOTE This standard is applicable for the operation and maintenance of OFCS. In order to achieve an adequate
level of safety for persons who may come into contact with the optical transmission path, hazard level 4 is not
permitted within this standard. It is permitted to use protection systems, such as automatic power reduction, to
achieve the required hazard level where the transmitted power under normal operating conditions (e.g. no fault
exists in the fibre path) exceeds that permitted for a particular location type. For instance, it is possible for
accessible parts of an OFCS to be hazard level 1 even though the power transmitted down the fibre under normal
operating conditions is Class 4.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 9 –
3.12
installation organization
an organization or individual that is responsible for the installation of an OFCS
3.13
location with controlled access; controlled location
an accessible location where an engineering or administrative control is present to make it
inaccessible, except to authorized personnel with appropriate laser safety training
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 a).
3.14
location with restricted access; restricted location
an accessible location that is normally inaccessible by the general public by means of any
administrative or engineering control measure but that is accessible to authorized personnel
who may not have laser safety training
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 b).
3.15
location with unrestricted access; unrestricted location
an accessible location where there are no measures restricting access to members of the
general public
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 c).
3.16
manufacturer
organization or individual that assembles optical devices and other components in order to
construct or modify an OFCS
3.17
operating organization
organization or individual that is responsible for the operation of an OFCS
3.18
optical fibre communication system (OFCS)
an engineered, end-to-end assembly for the generation, transfer and reception of optical
radiation arising from lasers, LEDs or optical amplifiers, in which the transference is by means
of optical fibre for communication and/or control purposes
3.19
reasonably foreseeable event
an event the occurrence of which under given circumstances can be predicted fairly
accurately, and the occurrence probability or frequency of which is not low or very low
NOTE Examples of reasonably foreseeable events might include the following: fibre cable break, optical
connector disconnection, operator error or inattention to safe working practices.
Reckless use or use for completely inappropriate purposes is not considered as a reasonably foreseeable event.
3.20
service organization
an organization or individual that is responsible for the servicing of an OFCS
3.21
subassembly
any discrete unit, subsystem, network element, or module of an OFCS which contains an
optical emitter or optical amplifier
– 10 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
4 Requirements
4.1 General
This section defines the restrictions that are to be placed on an OFCS and on the location
types in which an OFCS can operate, in accordance with the hazard that arises from optical
radiation becoming accessible as a result of a reasonably foreseeable event. Whenever one
or more alterations are made to an OFCS, the organization responsible for that alteration
shall make a determination of whether each alteration could affect the hazard level. If the
hazard level has changed, the organization responsible for the alteration(s) shall re-label
those locations in the system that are accessible so as to ensure continued compliance with
this standard.
Each accessible location within an OFCS shall be separately assessed to determine the
hazard level at that location. Where multiple communications systems are present at a
location, the hazard level for the location shall be the highest of the levels arising from each
of those systems. Based on the hazard level determined, appropriate actions shall be taken to
ensure compliance with this standard. These actions could for example involve restriction of
access to the location, or the implementation of safety features or redesign of the optical
communications system to reduce the hazard level.
Suppliers of active components and subassemblies in conformance with this standard that do
not comprise an OFCS need to comply only with the applicable portions of Clause 4.
OFCS that also transmit electrical power shall meet the requirements of this standard in
addition to any applicable electrical standard.
NOTE When determining the hazard level, two characteristics have to be taken into account.
1) What is the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)? The level of exposure must be determined at a location
where it is reasonably foreseeable that a person could be exposed to radiation coming from the OFCS. The time
taken for the APR system (if present) to operate must be included when determining the MPE. If the OFCS does
not incorporate APR, then meeting the requirements referred to in Note 2 below will be taken as automatically
meeting the requirements of this Note 1 without further investigation or tests. Requirements are described in 4.8.2.
2) What is the maximum permitted power at which the OFCS can operate after a reasonable foreseeable event
(such as a fibre-break) has caused the radiation to become accessible? This maximum power value could be lower
than the normal operating power in the fibre as a result of activation of the APR system. Requirements are
described in 4.8.1.
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS
Each OFCS shall have a protective housing which, when in place, prevents human access to
laser radiation in excess of hazard level 1 limits under normal operating conditions.
4.3 Fibre cables
If the potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS is hazard level 1M, 2M, 3R
or 3B, then the fibre optic cable shall have mechanical properties appropriate to its physical
location. Cables for various physical locations are described in the IEC 60794 series. Where
necessary, additional protection, for example ducting, conduit or raceway, may be required for
locations where the fibre would otherwise be susceptible to damage.
4.4 Cable connectors
The following requirements for cable connectors may be achieved by the mechanical design
of the connectors, or by the positioning of the connector, or by any other suitable means.
Whichever means is chosen, human access to radiation above that permitted for connectors
in a particular location type shall be prevented.
NOTE The use of a tool for disconnection is one example of a mechanical solution.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 11 –
4.4.1 Unrestricted locations
In unrestricted locations, if the radiation level exceeds the accessible emission limits of:
– Class 2 within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or
– Class 1 in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In an unrestricted location the highest hazard levels permitted are hazard level 2M for the wavelength
range 400 nm to 700 nm and hazard level 1M in all other cases (see 4.9.1).
4.4.2 Restricted locations
In restricted locations, if the radiation level exceeds the accessible emission limits of:
– Class 2M within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or;
– Class 1M in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In a restricted location the highest hazard level permitted is hazard level 1M, 2M or 3R, whichever is higher
(see 4.9.2).
4.4.3 Controlled locations
In controlled locations, if the radiation level exceeds the accessible emission limits of:
– Class 2M within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or;
– Class 1M in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In a controlled location the highest hazard level permitted is hazard level 3B (see 4.9.3).
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses
If equipment makes use of an automatic power reduction (APR) system in order to reduce its
assigned hazard level, then it shall be restarted with restrictions which are described in the
following three scenarios. In addition, the APR shall be designed to have an adequate level of
reliability (see Note 1).
NOTE 1 Examples of calculating the reliability of APR systems are given in Clause D.5.
NOTE 2 The restart interval described in the following scenarios is wavelength-dependent as described in
IEC 60825-1.
4.5.1 Automatic restart
In the case where the restart is initiated automatically, the timing and power of the restart
process shall be restricted such that the hazard level assigned to each accessible location of
the system shall not be exceeded.
4.5.2 Manual restart with assured continuity
In the case where the restart is initiated manually and the continuity of the communications
path is assured by the use of administrative controls or other means, the timing and power of
the restart process is not restricted (see Note 3). The manufacturer’s instructions shall specify
that administrative controls (or other means) must take account of the fact that the assigned
hazard level at any accessible location may be exceeded during this restart procedure.
– 12 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
NOTE 3 Since in this case the timing and power of the restart process is not restricted, the administrative or other
controls will need to take into consideration any increased risk of new hazards (such as fire). It is important that
these additional controls be documented in the appropriate service instructions.
4.5.3 Manual restart without assured continuity
In the case where the restart is initiated manually and the continuity of the communications
path is not assured, the timing and power of the restart process shall be restricted such that
the hazard level assigned to each accessible location of the system shall not be exceeded.
4.5.4 Disabling of the APR
If a manual initiated restart of the system temporarily inactivates the APR, the system must
indicate that the APR is not operable for the duration of the reboot so that the operating
organization can take the appropriate precautions. Unless these conditions are met, the
hazard level must be assigned using the transmitting power level before APR.
Disabling of the APR mechanism shall not be permitted for Class 3B and 4 transmitting
powers, unless all of the following conditions are met:
1) that such disabling is necessary only for the infrequent incidences of system installation
and service;
2) that such disabling can only be done via software commands or a manual lockout key
system;
3) if disabling is done via software commands, incorporated in such software shall be a
security system that prevents inadvertent disabling of the APR mechanism;
4) that such software incorporate a warning indicator that the APR will be disabled if the
procedure is continued;
5) continuous operation of the traffic-carrying OFCS with APR disabled shall be prevented
by suitable engineering means;
6) proper instructions on the safe use of the equipment with the disabled APR are included
in the documentation.
NOTE 1 Except where otherwise explicitly stated, this standard does not permit end-to-end OFCS to operate if
accessible locations within that system are hazard level 4. If the transmitting power of a transmitter, amplifier, etc.
is Class 4 and the APR has been disabled, then the result would be accessible locations operating at hazard
level 4. Nevertheless, it is recognised that it may be necessary to disable the APR in certain conditions, but these
conditions need to be well controlled and time-limited so that the probability of exposure to a Class 4 radiation is
very low.
NOTE 2 Regarding condition 5), an example of a ‘suitable engineering means’ is a control system that
automatically re-enables the APR as soon as practicable after a time interval that is long enough to complete
whatever task that caused the APR to be initially deactivated.
4.6 Labelling or marking
4.6.1 General requirements
Except as identified below, each optical connector, splice box or other part emitting radiation
when opened shall be marked (e.g. with a label, sleeve, tag, tape etc.), if the hazard level at
the location is in excess of hazard level 1. The marking shall be coloured yellow with the
imprint of the warning label according to IEC 60825-1 and the explanatory label in
IEC 60825-1. If XX is the hazard level assigned to the location, then the explanatory text shall
bear the words "hazard level XX“. It is permitted to reduce the marking in size, provided that
the result is legible. For network elements containing laser or optical amplifiers, it is the
responsibility of the manufacturer of the network element to provide such labelling; all other
labelling is the responsibility of the operating organization.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 13 –
Labelling or marking is not required in:
• unrestricted locations for hazard level 1M or 2M;
• restricted locations for hazard level 1M or 2M, if the requirements for cable connectors in
unrestricted locations are met (see 4.4.1);
• controlled locations for hazard level 1M or 2M.
NOTE 1 Unlike the labelling requirements of IEC 60825-1, marking in restricted locations is mandatory for
locations with hazard level 1M, except as identified above.
NOTE 2 In unrestricted locations, hazard level 1M or 2M is exempt from this requirement, because access to
radiation from a connector is limited to hazard level 1 by suitable means (see 4.4.1) and the mechanical design of
the fibre cables must be consistent with the relevant standard within the IEC 60794 series (see 4.3).
NOTE 3 In controlled locations, hazard level 1M or 2M is exempt from this requirement, because accessibility is
limited to personnel with appropriate laser safety training (see definition 3.13).
4.6.2 Marking of connectors of optical transmitters and optical amplifiers
For connectors of optical transmitters and optical amplifiers, the requirements of 4.6.1 apply.
Additionally the explanatory text shall bear a statement of the maximum output of laser
radiation (after operation of the APR function, where applicable) and the associated
wavelength or wavelength range.
4.6.3 Markings for groups of connectors
Groups of connectors such as patch panels may be marked as a group, with just a single
clearly visible location hazard level marking, rather than having each connector individually
marked. If a group of connectors is housed within an enclosure and it is a foreseeable event
that exposure to optical radiation above hazard level 1M could result from accessing the
enclosure, then a marking shall be clearly visible both before and after the access panel is
removed. This may require the use of more than one marking.
4.6.4 Indelibility requirements for safety markings
Any marking required by this standard shall be durable and legible. In considering the
durability of the marking, the effect of normal use shall be taken into account.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by rubbing the marking by hand for 15 s with a
piece of cloth soaked with water and again for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked with
petroleum spirit. After this test, the marking shall be legible; it shall not be possible to remove
marking labels easily and they shall show no curling.
The petroleum spirit to be used for the test is aliphatic solvent hexane having a maximum
aromatic content of 0,1 % by volume, a kauributanol value of 29, an initial boiling point of
approximately 65 °C, a dry point of approximately 69 °C and a mass per unit volume of
approximately 0,7 kg/l.
2)
NOTE The above requirement and test is identical to that contained in 1.7.13 of IEC 60950-1 [13] .
4.7 Organizational requirements
4.7.1 Manufacturers of ready-to-use OFCS, turn key systems or subassemblies
Manufacturers of OFCS, turnkey end-to-end systems or subassemblies shall:
1) ensure that the equipment satisfies the applicable requirements of this standard;
___________
2)
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
– 14 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
2) provide the following information:
a) adequate description of the engineering design features incorporated into the product
to prevent exposure to radiation above the MPE levels;
b) adequate instructions for proper assembly, maintenance and safe use including clear
warnings concerning precautions to avoid possible exposure to radiation above the
MPE levels;
c) adequate instructions to installation organizations and service organizations to ensure
the product can be installed and serviced in a manner that the radiation accessible
under reasonably foreseeable events meets the requirements of Clause 4;
d) the hazard levels at accessible locations within the system or subassembly and the
parameters upon which those hazard levels are based;
e) for systems with APR:
– the reaction time and operating parameters of the APR;
– where installation or service requires overriding an APR, information shall be
included to enable the operating organization to specify safe work practices while
the APR is overridden and safe procedures reinstating and testing such systems;
– if a manual initiated restart temporarily inactivates the APR, the timing of the
restart shall be stated clearly in the user manual;
– all scenarios (e.g. removal or failure of a controller or other element) where the
APR would not be operable including appropriate precautions that need to be
taken under such conditions.
f) any other information relevant to the safe use of the OFCS;
g) a statement that the equipment must be installed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions, including the warning "CAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or
performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous
radiation exposure."
4.7.2 Installation and service organization
The organization responsible for the installation and servicing of OFCS shall follow the
manufacturer's instructions for installation of equipment in a manner that will ensure that the
accessible radiation under reasonably foreseeable events satisfies the requirements of
Clause 4.
Before placing an OFCS into service, the installation organization or service organization, as
applicable, shall ensure that APR, if used, is in appropriate working condition as designated in
4.5 and 4.8.
For systems with accessible locations other than hazard level 1 or 2, the installation
organization and/or the service organization shall:
a) provide adequate laser safety training of personnel responsible for carrying out installation
and service activities;
b) ensure that suitable access controls and warning labels are employed on controlled and
restricted locations.
4.7.3 Operating organization
The operating organizati
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