prEN IEC 61853-2:2025
(Main)Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating - Part 2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle and nominal module operating temperature measurements
Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating - Part 2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle and nominal module operating temperature measurements
Prüfung des Leistungsverhaltens von photovoltaischen (PV-)Modulen und Energiebemessung - Teil 2: Messung der spektralen Empfindlichkeit, des Einfallswinkels und der Modul-Betriebstemperatur
Essais de performance et caractéristiques assignées d'énergie des modules photovoltaïques (PV) - partie 2: Mesurages de réponse spectrale, d'angle d'incidence et de température nominale de fonctionnement des modules
Preskušanje zmogljivosti in energijske učinkovitosti fotonapetostnega (PV) modula - 2. del: Meritve spektralne odzivnosti, vpadnega kota in obratovalne temperature modula
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Preskušanje zmogljivosti in energijske učinkovitosti fotonapetostnega (PV)
modula - 2. del: Meritve spektralne odzivnosti, vpadnega kota in obratovalne
temperature modula
Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating - Part 2: Spectral
responsivity, incidence angle and nominal module operating temperature measurements
Prüfung des Leistungsverhaltens von photovoltaischen (PV-)Modulen und
Energiebemessung - Teil 2: Messung der spektralen Empfindlichkeit, des Einfallswinkels
und der Modul-Betriebstemperatur
Essais de performance et caractéristiques assignées d'énergie des modules
photovoltaïques (PV) - partie 2: Mesurages de réponse spectrale, d'angle d'incidence et
de température nominale de fonctionnement des modules
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 61853-2:2025
ICS:
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
27.160 Sončna energija Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
82/2410/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 61853-2 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2025-06-20 2025-09-12
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
82/2298/CD, 82/2318A/CC
IEC TC 82 : SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEMS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
United States of America Mr George Kelly
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):
ASPECTS CONCERNED:
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for
Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they
are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant “In Some Countries”
clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that the CDV stage is the final stage for
submitting ISC clauses. (SEE AC/22/2007 OR NEW GUIDANCE DOC).
TITLE:
Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating - Part 2: Spectral responsivity,
incidence angle and nominal module operating temperature measurements
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2031
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
This project was discussed and supported by WG2 during their meeting in 2025-04.
Project tile updated with the word 'nominal' added in. Old project title: Photovoltaic (PV) module performance
testing and energy rating - Part 2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle and module operating temperature
measurements
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
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2 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
1 CONTENTS
3 FOREWORD . 6
4 INTRODUCTION . 8
5 1 Scope . 9
6 2 Normative references . 9
7 3 Terms and definitions . 10
8 4 Sampling . 12
9 4.1 Representative samples . 13
10 5 Testing . 13
11 5.1 Initial stabilization . 13
12 5.2 Test flow . 13
13 6 Procedure for spectral responsivity measurement . 14
14 7 Procedure for the measurement of incidence angle effect . 15
15 7.1 Purpose . 15
16 7.2 Indoor test method 1: irradiation on full cell (or module) or on an optically
17 equivalent device . 16
18 7.2.1 General . 16
19 7.2.2 Test sample preparation . 16
20 7.2.3 Apparatus . 17
21 7.2.4 Set-up procedure . 18
22 7.2.5 Measurement procedure . 19
23 7.2.6 Data evaluation . 20
24 7.2.7 Uncertainty contributions . 21
25 7.3 Indoor test method 2: irradiation on a partially shaded cell in a module . 21
26 7.3.1 General . 21
27 7.3.2 Test sample preparation . 21
28 7.3.3 Apparatus . 22
29 7.3.4 Set-up procedure . 22
30 7.3.5 Measurement procedure for c-Si PV modules with series-connected
31 cells . 22
32 7.3.6 Measurement procedure for c-Si PV modules with series-parallel
33 connection . 23
34 7.3.7 Measurement procedure for monolithically integrated thin-film PV
35 modules . 23
36 7.3.8 Data evaluation . 23
37 7.3.9 Uncertainty contributions . 24
38 7.4 Indoor test method 3: partial irradiation (on cells or modules) . 24
39 7.4.1 General . 24
40 7.4.2 Test sample preparation . 24
41 7.4.3 Apparatus . 24
42 7.4.4 Set-up procedure . 26
43 7.4.5 Measurement procedure for cells (indoor method 3a) . 26
44 7.4.6 Measurement procedure for modules (indoor method 3b) . 27
45 7.4.7 Data evaluation . 27
46 7.4.8 Uncertainty contributions . 27
47 7.5 Indoor test method 4: spectrally resolved method . 27
IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025 3
48 7.5.1 General . 27
49 7.5.2 Test sample preparation . 28
50 7.5.3 Apparatus . 28
51 7.5.4 Set-up procedure . 29
52 7.5.5 Measurement procedure for cells (indoor method 4a) and module
53 (indoor method 4b) . 29
54 7.5.6 Data evaluation . 29
55 7.5.7 Uncertainty contributions . 30
56 7.6 Outdoor test method 1: absolute method . 30
57 7.6.1 General . 30
58 7.6.2 Apparatus . 30
59 7.6.3 Set-up procedure . 31
60 7.6.4 Measurement procedure . 32
61 7.6.5 Tabulation of the relative internal angular transmittance 𝜏𝜏 (𝜃𝜃) . 33
rel
62 7.6.6 Uncertainty contributions . 33
63 7.7 Outdoor test method 2: relative method . 34
64 7.7.1 General . 34
65 7.7.2 Apparatus . 34
66 7.7.3 Set-up procedure . 34
67 7.7.4 Measurement procedure . 35
68 7.7.5 Uncertainty contributions . 36
69 7.8 Interpolation of the relative internal angular transmittance 𝜏𝜏 (𝜃𝜃) . 36
rel
70 8 Methodology for determining coefficients for calculating the Nominal Module
71 Operating Temperature (NMOT) . 36
72 8.1 General . 36
73 8.2 PV module temperature model . 37
74 8.3 Apparatus . 37
75 8.4 Test module mounting . 38
76 8.5 Procedure . 38
77 8.5.1 Data recording . 39
78 8.5.2 Data filtering . 39
79 8.5.3 Determination of 𝑢𝑢 . 40
80 8.5.4 Determination of 𝑢𝑢 . 40
81 8.5.5 Calculation of NMOT . 40
82 8.6 Uncertainty sources . 41
83 9 Report . 41
84 9.1 Specific requirements for measurements of SR . 41
85 9.2 Specific requirements for measurements of the incidence angle effect . 42
86 9.3 Specific requirements for measurements of NMOT . 44
87 Annex A (informative) Specific exceptions for photovoltaic modules installed on
88 buildings . 45
89 A.1 Spectral responsivity of coloured modules . 45
90 A.1.1 Size of the incident monochromatic beam: over-irradiation and under-
91 irradiation modes . 45
92 A.1.2 Spectral responsivity measurements of monochrome samples . 46
93 A.1.3 Spectral responsivity measurements of polychrome samples with
94 repeated pattern . 47
95 A.1.4 Spectral responsivity measurements of polychrome samples with non-
96 repeated pattern . 47
97 A.1.5 Spectral responsivity of gradient-coloured samples . 47
4 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
98 A.2 Incidence angle effect of modules with modified surfaces, antiglare
99 treatments or colouration . 47
100 A.3 Specific thermal conditions of modules installed on buildings . 48
101 Annex B (normative) Stray light effects in indoor methods for measurements of the
102 angle of incidence effects and correction procedure . 50
103 B.1 Origin of possible stray light effects . 50
104 B.2 Correction procedure . 51
105 B.2.1 General . 51
106 B.2.2 Apparatus . 51
107 B.2.3 Set-up procedure . 52
108 B.2.4 Measurement procedure . 52
109 B.2.5 Correction procedure . 52
110 B.2.6 An example for calculation of the size of the shading paddle
111 (informative) . 53
112 Annex C (informative) Diagrams illustrating the evaluation of raw data and the
113 determination of 𝑢𝑢 and 𝑢𝑢 parameters in NMOT measurements . 54
0 1
114 Bibliography . 58
116 Figure 1 – Definitions of angle of incidence (clause 3.1) and field of view (clause 3.2)
117 for measurements with indoor solar simulators (clause 7.2 and 7.3) . 11
118 Figure 2 – Overview of the testing cycle to be carried out in IEC 61853-2 (with
119 reference to IEC 61215). . 13
120 Figure 3 – Minimum size of a 1-cell minimodule. . 14
121 Figure 4 – Optical alignment method (clause 7.2.4.3): the red dots indicate the 4
122 correctly aligned points; the crosses indicate conditions of misalignment. . 19
123 Figure 5 – Examples of the function 𝜏𝜏 (𝜃𝜃) of a typical PV module: a) With correct zero
rel
124 alignment; b) with a 𝜃𝜃 = 1,0° misalignment at normal incidence. . 21
125 Figure 6 – Indoor test method 2. Cell masking with an opaque adhesive tape and axis
126 of rotation in: a) c-Si module, case S; b) c-Si module, case SP; and c)
127 monolithically integrated thin-film module. . 22
128 Figure 7 – Example block diagram of a measuring instrument for the incidence angle
129 effect using the partial-irradiation method on a module (indoor test method 3b) . 25
130 Figure 8 – Recommended positions for measuring the temperature of the test module
131 behind the cells . 30
132 Figure 9 – Examples of dimensions of the light source: a) Single linear bulb; b) Single
133 toroidal bulb; c) Multi-lamp source with four linear lamps; d) Multi-lamp source of
134 LED arrays. . 42
135 Figure 10 – Distances to be reported for measurements of the incidence angle effect
136 with indoor test method 1 and 2 . 43
137 Figure A.1 – Possible sizes of the monochromatic beam in SR measurements of PV
138 modules (see IEC 60904-8): a) over-irradiation mode; b) under-irradiation mode. . 45
139 Figure A.2 – Example of SR measurements on a blue-white coloured module (shown in
140 the boxes) in under-irradiation mode: a) with spot monochromatic beam in the
141 white region of the DUT; b) with spot monochromatic beam in the blue region of
142 the DUT. . 46
143 Figure A.3 – Examples of different coloured PV modules: a) monochrome sample; b)
144 polychrome sample with repeated pattern; c) polychrome sample with non-
145 repeated pattern; d) colour-gradient sample. . 46
146 Figure A.4 – Example of incidence angle effect and interpolation from clause 7.8 of a
147 module with antiglare treatment with inadequate best fit. . 48
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148 Figure B.1 – Example of possible stray light from the surfaces of walls, ceiling or floors
149 of the darkroom: a) direct irradiance diffused by the darkroom to the front of the
150 DUT; b) direct irradiance reflected by the front of the DUT to the darkroom and
151 then diffused back to the DUT; c) direct irradiance diffused by the rear of the
152 darkroom to the front of the DUT (wide angles); d) direct irradiance diffused by the
153 darkroom to the rear of a bifacial DUT; e) direct irradiance diffused by rear of the
154 darkroom to the rear of a bifacial DUT; and f) secondary reflection from any
155 irradiation optics that may be present between the flash lamp and the DUT. . 50
156 Figure B.2 – A scheme of the apparatus for stray light correction in indoor test
157 methods 1 and 2 for the measurement of the incidence angle effect. . 51
158 Figure B.3 – Scheme for the calculation of the shading paddle size 𝑥𝑥, for a solar
159 simulator with lamp size 𝐿𝐿 larger than the control cell size 𝐿𝐿’. . 53
–2
160 Figure C.1 – Frequency distribution of irradiance data in bins of 100 W m . . 54
–1
161 Figure C.2 – Frequency distribution of wind speed data in bins of 1 m s . . 54
162 Figure C.3 – Measured data (𝑇𝑇 – 𝑇𝑇 ) plotted versus the irradiance in the plane-of-
M amb
163 array 𝐺𝐺 . . 55
POA
164 Figure C.4 – Measured data and filtered data, fulfilling the stability criteria for wind
165 speed, irradiance and module temperature. . 55
166 Figure C.5 – Filtered data with 𝑁𝑁 diagonal. . 56
𝐺𝐺
POA
167 Figure C.6 – Filtered data and modelled data 𝑇𝑇 −𝑇𝑇 = . . 56
M amb
𝑢𝑢 +𝑢𝑢 ⋅𝑣𝑣
0 1 w
168 Figure C.7 – Residuals of filtered 𝑇𝑇 data and modelled 𝑇𝑇 data: (𝑇𝑇 −
M M,modelled M
169 𝑇𝑇 ). . 57
M,modelled
6 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
172 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
173 ____________
175 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULE
176 PERFORMANCE TESTING AND ENERGY RATING
178 Part 2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle and nominal module
179 operating temperature measurements
182 FOREWORD
183 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
184 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
185 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
186 in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
187 Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
188 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
189 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
190 with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
191 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
192 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
193 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
194 interested IEC National Committees.
195 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
196 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
197 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
198 misinterpretation by any end user.
199 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
200 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
201 any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
202 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
203 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
204 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
205 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
206 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
207 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
208 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
209 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
210 Publications.
211 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
212 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
213 9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
214 patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
215 respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had received notice of (a) patent(s), which
216 may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
217 the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
218 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
219 IEC 61853 has been prepared by WG2: Modules, non-concentrating, of IEC technical
220 committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. It is an International Standard.
221 This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016-09. This edition
222 constitutes a technical revision.
223 This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
224 edition:
225 a) New clause 3 “Terms and definitions” was added;
226 b) New measurement methods are introduced in clause 7 “Procedure for the measurement of
227 incidence angle effects”;
IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025 7
228 c) A new procedure for data filtering was added to clause 8 “Methodology for determining
229 coefficients for calculating the Nominal Module Operating Temperature (NMOT)”;
230 d) Annex A (informative) Annex B (normative) and Annex C (informative) were added;
231 e) The term “calibration” was removed;
232 f) The wording in clauses 4 and 5 was aligned to the last edition of IEC 61215;
233 g) The tilt angle for NMOT measurements was harmonized to (37±5) ° throughout the text;
234 h) The distance of the bottom edge of the test module in NMOT measurements was raised to
235 1 m above the local horizontal plane or ground level;
236 i) The tests have been modified to include methodologies for measuring bifacial PV modules.
237 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
239 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
240 the above table.
241 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
242 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
243 accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
244 at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
245 described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
246 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
247 stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
248 specific document. At this date, the document will be
249 • reconfirmed,
250 • withdrawn,
251 • replaced by a revised edition, or
252 • amended.
8 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
254 INTRODUCTION
255 Photovoltaic (PV) modules are typically rated at standard test conditions (STC) of 25 °C cell
–2
256 temperature, 1 000 W m total irradiance, normal incidence and air mass (AM) 1,5 spectrum.
257 However, PV modules in the field operate over a range of temperatures, total and spectral
258 irradiances, and incidence angles. Hence, PV modules can also be rated based on the
259 calculated energy production under a standardized set of environmental and climatic conditions.
260 This series proposes a standard method for energy rating and consists of four parts:
261 • IEC 61853-1: Irradiance and temperature performance measurements and power rating,
262 which describes requirements for evaluating PV module performance in terms of power
263 rating over a range of irradiances and temperatures;
264 • IEC 61853-2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle, and nominal module operating
265 temperature measurements, which describes test procedures for measuring the effect of
266 varying angle of incidence and sunlight spectra as well as the estimation of module
267 temperature from irradiance, ambient temperature, and wind speed;
268 • IEC 61853-3: Energy rating of PV modules, which describes the calculations for PV module
269 energy ratings; and
270 • IEC 61853-4: Standard reference climatic profiles, which describes the standard time
271 periods and weather conditions that can be used for the energy rating calculations.
IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025 9
274 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULE
275 PERFORMANCE TESTING AND ENERGY RATING
277 Part 2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle and
278 module operating temperature measurements
282 1 Scope
283 The IEC 61853 series establishes IEC requirements for evaluating PV module performance
284 based on power (watts), energy (joule or watthours) and performance ratio. It is written to be
285 applicable to all PV technologies, including bifacial PV modules, but may not work well for any
286 technology where the module performance changes with time (e.g. modules change their
287 behaviour with light or thermal exposure), or which experience significant non-linearities in any
288 of their characteristics used for the modelling.
289 The purpose of this second part of IEC 61853 is to define procedures for measuring the effects
290 of angle of incidence of the irradiance on the output power of the device, to determine the
291 operating temperature of a module for a specific set of ambient and mounting conditions and
292 measure the spectral responsivity of the module.
293 The described measurements are required as inputs into the module energy rating procedure
294 described in IEC 61853-3. Results of the measurements described in this part, however, may
295 also be used for other purposes, where relevant, e.g. yield prediction with commercially
296 available simulation tools that need spectral responsivity or angle of incidence effect.
297 PV modules to be installed onto buildings (either as building integrated or as building applied
298 photovoltaics, BIPV or BAPV, respectively) may exhibit very peculiar spectral, optical and
299 thermal properties. This document can be applied for the energy rating of these modules and
300 their specificity is illustrated in informative Annex A: however, the reader should be aware that
301 in some of these circumstances the thermal performance of the module under test can be
302 severely affected by the specific mounting configuration.
303 Note: IEC TS 63126 presents an informative annex that can be used as a guidance to get information on operating
th
304 module temperatures for several locations and mounting configurations. From the 98 percentile maps provided
305 therein, the reader may infer a temperature offset that could be applied to evaluate the effect of mounting
306 configurations to the operating temperatures to be used in the energy rating calculated in Part 3 of this series. The
307 estimation of this offset, however, is outside the scope of this document.
308 2 Normative references
309 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
310 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
311 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
312 amendments) applies.
313 ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes
314 indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
315 ISO 9059, Solar energy – Calibration of field pyrheliometers by comparison to a reference
316 pyrheliometer
317 ISO 9060, Solar energy – Specification and classification of instruments for measuring
318 hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation
10 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
319 IEC 60891, Photovoltaic devices – Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to
320 measured I-V characteristics
321 IEC 60904-1, Photovoltaic devices – Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage
322 characteristics
323 IEC TS 60904-1-2, Photovoltaic devices – Part 1-2: Measurement of current-voltage
324 characteristics of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) devices
325 IEC 60904-2, Photovoltaic devices – Part 2: Requirements for photovoltaic reference devices
326 IEC 60904-3, Photovoltaic devices – Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic
327 (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data
328 IEC 60904-5, Photovoltaic devices – Part 5: Determination of equivalent cell temperature (ECT)
329 of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method
330 IEC 60904-8, Photovoltaic devices – Part 8: Measurement of spectral responsivity of a
331 photovoltaic (PV) device
332 IEC 60904-9, Photovoltaic devices – Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements
333 IEC 60904-10, Photovoltaic devices – Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement
334 IEC 61215 (series), Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type
335 approval
336 IEC TS 61724-2, Photovoltaic system performance - Part 2: Capacity evaluation method
337 IEC TS 61836, Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, definitions and symbols
338 IEC 61853-1, Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating – Part 1:
339 Irradiance and temperature performance measurements and power rating
340 IEC 61853-3, Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating – Part 3: Energy
341 rating of PV modules
342 IEC 63092-1, Photovoltaics in buildings - Part 1: Requirements for building-integrated
343 photovoltaic modules
344 IEC TS 63126, Guidelines for qualifying PV modules, components and materials for operation
345 at high temperatures
346 3 Terms and definitions
347 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC TS 61836 and the
348 following apply.
349 ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
350 addresses:
351 • IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
352 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025 11
353 3.1
354 angle of incidence (AOI)
355 𝜃𝜃
356 angle between the direct radiant beam and the normal to the active surface (see Figure 1)
357 Note 1: For the purpose of the calculation of the angle of incidence in the indoor test with solar simulators, the
358 centre of the flash lamp is considered. When the solar simulator cannot be approximated as a point-like source, the
359 testing laboratory may take into account any deviation from the nominal angle of incidence as a source of
360 measurement uncertainty.
361 Note 2: Unit °
363 Figure 1 – Definitions of angle of incidence (clause 3.1) and field of view (clause 3.2) for
364 measurements with indoor solar simulators (clause 7.2 and 7.3)
365 3.2
366 field of view
367 solid angle as "seen" by the detector (acceptance angle), e.g. of a solar module, out of which
368 the detector receives radiation
369 Note 1: In incidence angle measurements, it is equivalent to the 2π solid angle formed by the plane of the test
370 sample (see Figure 1)
371 Note 2: Unit: sr
372 3.3
373 incidence angle
374 SEE: “angle of incidence (AOI)”, 3.1
375 Note: Unit: °
376 3.4
377 incidence angle modifier (IAM)
378 SEE: “relative internal angular transmittance”, 3.63.6
379 Note: Unit: dimensionless
380 3.5
381 nominal module operating temperature
382 NMOT
383 mean equilibrium temperature of photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module mounted at (37 ±
–2
384 5)° tilt angle and operating at its maximum power under global in-plane irradiance 800 W m ,
–1
385 ambient temperature 20 °C and wind speed 1 m s
12 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
386 Note: Unit: °C
387 3.6
388 relative internal angular transmittance
389 𝝉𝝉 (𝜽𝜽)
𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫
390 quotient of the transmittance from air to the PV cell at angle of incidence 𝜃𝜃, and the
391 transmittance at normal incidence (𝜃𝜃 = 0°)
392 Note 1: Also known as incidence angle modifier, 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼(𝜃𝜃)
393 Note 2: Unit: dimensionless
394 3.7
395 relative internal spectral angular transmittance
396 𝝉𝝉 (𝜽𝜽,𝝀𝝀)
𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫
397 relative internal angular transmittance as a function of wavelength
398 Note: Unit: dimensionless
399 3.8
400 representative sample
401 sample that includes all the components of the module that are functional for the specific test
402 into consideration
403 3.9
404 spectral responsivity
405 𝑺𝑺(𝝀𝝀)
406 short-circuit electric current density generated by unit irradiance at a particular wavelength,
407 plotted as a function of wavelength
–1
408 Note: Unit: A W
409 3.10
410 target volume
411 the volume spanned by the active element (cell, cells or entire module) upon rotation
3 3
412 Note: Unit m or cm
413 3.11
414 volume of influence
415 the volume spanned by the active element plus one-half cell dimension in all directions upon
416 rotation
3 3
417 Note: Unit m or cm
418 4 Sampling
419 Up to three modules shall be selected randomly from a production batch or batches in
420 accordance with the procedure given in ISO 2859-1. The modules shall be initially stabilised in
421 accordance with clause 5 of this standard to assure the stability of the power values. One
422 module (or equivalent representative sample) shall be used for each of the three tests, spectral
423 responsivity, angle of incidence, and nominal module operating temperature measurements. A
424 single module may be supplied if the tests are to be carried out in sequence. Up to three
425 modules need to be supplied if tests are to be carried out in parallel. It shall be noted in the test
426 report if a single or different modules have been used.
427 The modules shall have been manufactured from specified materials and components in
428 accordance with the relevant drawings and process sheets and shall have been subjected to
429 the manufacture’s normal inspection, quality control and production acceptance procedures.
430 The modules shall be complete in every detail and shall be accompanied by the manufacturer’s
431 handling and final assembly instructions regarding the recommended installation of any diodes,
432 frames, brackets, etc.
IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025 13
433 When the devices under test (DUTs) are prototypes of a new design and not from production,
434 this fact shall be noted in the test report.
435 4.1 Representative samples
436 Measurements of spectral responsivity and of the incidence angle effect may be performed on
437 representative samples in the circumstances detailed in clause 6 and clause 7, respectively. In
438 general, during the design and manufacturing of the representative samples, the cells,
439 encapsulants and encapsulation methods, clearance and creepage distances around all edges
440 shall be the same as on the actual full-size products.
441 If representative samples are used, the test report shall include a table listing the dimensions
442 of the samples tested. The table shall contain the statement, "smaller samples were used for
443 some tests as noted above. Use of smaller samples may affect test results".
444 When using representative samples, initial stabilization and maximum power determination
445 before and after the test (see clause 5) shall be performed on the representative samples as
446 well.
447 5 Testing
448 In carrying out the tests, the manufacturer’s handling, mounting, connection and cleaning
449 instructions shall be observed.
450 If the module under test is going to be used with a frame that covers the edges of the
451 superstrate, then each test shall be performed with a similar frame in place.
452 5.1 Initial stabilization
453 Before beginning the measurements, all DUTs shall be electrically stabilized, as specified in
454 technologically specific documents of the IEC 61215 series (MQT 19.1) based on the technology
455 of the DUT.
456 5.2 Test flow
457 Figure 2 shows an overview of the testing procedure to be conducted.
459 Figure 2 – Overview of the testing cycle to be carried out in IEC 61853-2 (with reference
460 to IEC 61215).
14 IEC CDV 61853-2 ED2 © IEC 2025
461 6 Procedure for spectral responsivity measurement
( )
462 The spectral responsivity (SR) 𝑆𝑆𝜆𝜆 of a PV module has an impact on the amount of current
463 produced at any given spectral irradiance. Normally it is not necessary to measure 𝑆𝑆(𝜆𝜆) at all
464 possible values of irradiance and temperature that a module encounters during outdoor
465 operation. A single measurement should be sufficiently accurate for all expected operating
466 conditions. The need for this can be verified by checking the linearity of short circuit conditions
467 measured in IEC 61853-1. Should a non-linearity of the short-circuit current with respect to
468 irradiance or temperature larger than 3 % be observed, further investigation might be warranted
( ) ( )
469 to identify if 𝑆𝑆𝜆𝜆 changes as a function of irradiance and temperature. If 𝑆𝑆𝜆𝜆 of a particular
470 module type is a function of irradiance or temperature, this result should appear in the test
471 report.
472 To measure 𝑆𝑆(𝜆𝜆), the procedure described in IEC 60904-8 shall be followed using the short
473 circuit condition, 25 °C cell temperature and an appropriate bias light, where required by IEC
474 60904-8. This procedure should be applied to the full-sized module, if possible, i.e. the module
475 should be characterized in its entirety. If this is not possible, a smaller representative sample,
476 optically equivalent in construction and materials, may be used or a single cell in the module
477 should be characterized according to the measurements described in IEC 60904-8.
478 Optically equivalent represent
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