EN 50238-1:2019

Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems - Part 1: General

This document describes a process to demonstrate compatibility between Rolling Stock (RST) and Train Detection Systems (TDS). It describes the characterization of train detection systems, rolling stock and traction power supply systems. It is worth noting that the demonstration of technical compatibility between the rolling stock and infrastructure with respect to physical dimensions is not detailed in this document. This document is not generally applicable to those combinations of rolling stock, traction power supply and train detection system which were accepted as compatible prior to the issue of this document. However, as far as is reasonably practicable, this document can be applied to modifications of rolling stock, traction power supply or train detection systems which may affect compatibility. The detailed process can be used where no rules and processes for compatibility are established.

Bahnanwendungen - Kompatibilität zwischen Fahrzeugen und Gleisfreimeldesystemen - Teil 1: Allgemeines

Applications ferroviaires - Compatibilité entre matériel roulant et systèmes de détection de train - Partie 1 : Généralités

La présente Norme européenne décrit une procédure permettant de démontrer la compatibilité entre le matériel roulant (MR) et les systèmes de détection de train (SDT) sur un itinéraire donné. Elle référence également les méthodes de mesure des courants et des champs magnétiques perturbateurs, les méthodes de mesure de la susceptibilité des systèmes de détection de train, ainsi que la caractérisation des alimentations de traction. La procédure décrite dans la présente norme s'applique également aux trains de grande ligne, aux véhicules légers et de type métro. Les paramètres fondamentaux de compatibilité concernant les grandes lignes sont couverts par le document Interface de l'ERA (ERA/ERTMS/033281). Il convient de noter que la présente norme ne couvre pas la démonstration de la compatibilité entre le matériel roulant et l'infrastructure en ce qui concerne les dimensions physiques. Selon la Directive d'interopérabilité, l'évaluation de la compatibilité comprend deux étapes. La première étape concerne l'autorisation de mise en service vis-à-vis des limites générales. La seconde étape concerne la mise en service, lorsque les limites spécifiques de compatibilité avec les SDT sont en dehors des limites générales ou que des SDT non interopérables ont été installés sur la ligne où le MR circulera. En dehors des trains de grande ligne ou des lignes isolées de types véhicule léger/métro, les exigences de compatibilité sont abordées dans une même étape d'autorisation. La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique généralement pas aux ensembles matériels roulants, alimentations de traction et systèmes de détection de train qui ont déjà été reconnus compatibles avant l'édition du présent document. Toutefois, la présente Norme européenne peut être appliquée, dans des limites raisonnables, aux modifications de matériels roulants, d'alimentations de traction et de systèmes de détection de train susceptibles d'affecter la compatibilité.

Železniške naprave - Združljivost voznih sredstev in sistemov za detekcijo vlaka - 1. del: Splošno

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Oct-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 08-Sep-2022
• ICS: 29.180 - Transformers. Reactors
• ICS: 45.060.10 - Tractive stock
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 9X - Electrical and electronic applications for railways
• Drafting Committee: CLC/SC 9XA - Communications, signalling and processing systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 25-Oct-2019
• Due Date: 13-Oct-2019
• Completion Date: 25-Oct-2019
• Directive: 2008/57/EC - Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (Recast)
• Directive: 2016/797/EU - Directive (EU) 2016/797 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/483 - Mandate for programming and standardisation addressed to the European standardisation bodies under directive 2008/57/EC in the field of the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union
• Ref Project: SIST EN 50238-1:2021 - Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems - Part 1: General

Relations

• Replaces: EN 50238-1:2003 - Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems - Part 1: General
• Effective Date: 02-Feb-2016
• Replaces: EN 50238-1:2003/AC:2014 - Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems
• Effective Date: 02-Feb-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 50238-1:2021
01-junij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 50238:2003
SIST EN 50238-1:2003/AC:2015

Železniške naprave - Združljivost voznih sredstev in sistemov za detekcijo vlaka -

1. del: Splošno

Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems -

Part 1: General

Bahnanwendungen - Kompatibilität zwischen Fahrzeugen und Gleisfreimeldesystemen -

Teil 1: Allgemein

Applications ferroviaires - Compatibilité entre matériel roulant et systèmes de détection

de train - Partie 1 : Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50238-1:2019
ICS:
29.280 Električna vlečna oprema Electric traction equipment
45.060.10 Vlečna vozila Tractive stock
SIST EN 50238-1:2021 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 50238-1:2021
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SIST EN 50238-1:2021
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50238-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2019
ICS 29.180; 45.060.10 Supersedes EN 50238-1:2003 and all of its amendments
and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Railway applications - Compatibility between rolling stock and
train detection systems - Part 1: General

Applications ferroviaires - Compatibilité entre matériel Bahnanwendungen - Kompatibilität zwischen Fahrzeugen

roulant et systèmes de détection de train - Partie 1 : und Gleisfreimeldesystemen - Teil 1: Allgemein

Généralités

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-09-09. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC

Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation

under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the

same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,

Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the

Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.

Ref. No. EN 50238-1:2019 E
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EN 50238-1:2019 (E)
Contents

European foreword ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 7

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................................ 7

3.2 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 8

4 Compatibility process ............................................................................................................................. 8

4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 8

4.2 Detailed compatibility process ............................................................................................................... 9

4.3 Compatibility case ................................................................................................................................ 10

4.4 Quality management ............................................................................................................................ 11

4.5 Route identification for introduction of RST (new or changed) ............................................................ 11

4.6 Introduction of infrastructure elements (new or changed) ................................................................... 11

4.7 Characterization ................................................................................................................................... 11

4.8 Compatibility analyses ......................................................................................................................... 11

5 Characterization of train detection systems ......................................................................................... 14

5.1 Objective of procedure ......................................................................................................................... 14

5.2 Track circuit systems - Standards, regulations and technical specifications ....................................... 14

5.3 Axle counter systems - Standards, regulations and technical specifications ...................................... 14

5.4 Wheel detectors (treadle applications) ................................................................................................ 14

5.5 Loops ................................................................................................................................................... 15

6 Characterization of rolling stock........................................................................................................... 16

6.1 Objective .............................................................................................................................................. 16

6.2 General procedure ............................................................................................................................... 16

7 Characterization of traction power supply systems ............................................................................. 16

7.1 Objective .............................................................................................................................................. 16

7.2 DC traction power supplies .................................................................................................................. 17

7.3 AC traction power supplies .................................................................................................................. 17

7.4 Test procedures ................................................................................................................................... 17

8 Test report ............................................................................................................................................ 18

8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 18

8.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 18

8.3 Test organization ................................................................................................................................. 18

8.4 Configuration........................................................................................................................................ 18

8.5 Reference documents .......................................................................................................................... 18

8.6 Application of the test plan ................................................................................................................... 18

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8.7 Test results .......................................................................................................................................... 18

8.8 Comments ............................................................................................................................................ 18

8.9 Archive of test results .......................................................................................................................... 18

Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the determination of susceptibility of train detection systems ........ 19

A.1 Examples of system configurations ..................................................................................................... 19

A.2 “Normal” configuration ......................................................................................................................... 19

A.3 Interference mechanism with broken signal rail .................................................................................. 19

A.4 Interference mechanism with broken return rail .................................................................................. 20

A.5 Double rail track circuits ....................................................................................................................... 21

A.6 Voltage between axles of rolling stock ................................................................................................ 22

A.7 Effect of resistance between coupled vehicles .................................................................................... 23

A.8 Radiated interference .......................................................................................................................... 25

A.9 Example of sensitive zone of wheel detector ...................................................................................... 25

A.10 Factor of safety .................................................................................................................................... 25

A.11 Multiple interference sources ............................................................................................................... 26

Annex B (informative) General characterization of rolling stock ................................................................ 27

B.1 Objective of procedure ......................................................................................................................... 27

B.2 Description of rolling stock and factors affecting its characteristics .................................................... 27

B.3 Configuration (design status) ............................................................................................................... 27

B.4 Test plan .............................................................................................................................................. 27

Annex C (informative) Factors affecting rolling stock characteristics and compatibility ............................. 30

Annex D (informative) DC traction power supplies .................................................................................... 33

D.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 33

D.2 Interference currents generated by the rolling stock ........................................................................... 33

D.3 Interference currents generated by the traction power supply system ................................................ 33

Annex E (informative) Compatibility parameters for loops (example) ........................................................ 36

E.1 Principles of operation - Electrical background ................................................................................... 36

E.2 Vehicle metal construction ................................................................................................................... 36

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................. 39

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EN 50238-1:2019 (E)
European foreword

This document (EN 50238-1:2019) has been prepared by CLC/SC 9XA “Communication, signalling and

processing systems” of CLC/TC 9X “Electrical and electronic applications for railways”.

The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2020-09-09
implemented at national level by publication of an
identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting (dow) 2022-09-09
with this document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 50238-1:2003 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).

EN 50238-1:2019 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 50238-1:2003:

Generic compatibility process to be followed irrespective of whether the trigger is a change to the

signalling system, rolling stock or the power system:

1) generic Compatibility Process, which is broken into two stage process depending on whether there

are established compatibility limits or not;
2) rules for characterization of train detection systems;
3) rules for characterization of Rolling Stock;
4) rules for characterization of the Power System;
5) references are provided to established CENELEC standards for compatibility;
6) terminology is updated.
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Introduction

This document defines a process to demonstrate compatibility between rolling stock operating on an area

of use or network and train detection systems installed in this area of use or network.

Currently, general rules for the maximum levels of interference allowed, and maximum susceptibility

levels (or minimum required immunity levels) are not established in every country. This is due to the great

diversity of rolling stock, power supply and return current systems, and train detection systems installed in

Europe. This diversity leads to consideration of compatibility of rolling stock and train detection systems

on a ‘route by route’ or “network by network” basis, to avoid unnecessarily restrictive specifications.

The compatibility process described in this document is generic. The process refers to all types of Train

Detection Systems (TDS), which may be influenced by electromagnetic emissions of rolling stock or

traction power supply systems, (e.g. axle counters, track circuits, wheel detectors, loops).

Compatibility is determined by both physical and electromagnetic considerations. With regard to the

Electro Magnetic Compatibility, the need is not for general values for maximum levels of interference

permitted, and maximum susceptibility levels (or minimum required immunity levels) but for convenient

methods by which to specify the level of interference allowed for operation on routes or a network.

Main interference sources are considered to be:
— rail currents and voltage sources;
— electromagnetic fields;
— differential voltage between adjacent axles of the train;
as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Sources of electromagnetic interference
In practice, the susceptibility of the system is determined by:

— the sensitivity of individual components of the system and the type of interference it is susceptible to;

— the application of the components, i.e. the configuration of the system.
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Therefore the problems concerning TDS are considered separately for each type.

• CLC/TS 50238-2 or national rules define compatibility limits for track circuits;

• CLC/TS 50238-3 or national rules define compatibility limits for axle counters and wheel detectors;

• EN 50592 defines the testing method of rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility with axle

counters;

• Compatibility with other types of wheel detectors (mechanical or magnetic) is described in 5.4;

• Compatibility with loops can be established following the guidance in 5.5;

• Compatibility with any other type of TDS not explicitely covered by this document can also be

established following the generic process in this document.

For determining the susceptibility of signalling systems, laboratory/simulation testing methods and in situ

tests on the “real railway” are proposed. Modelling enables worst-case conditions to be simulated. In

addition, particular test sites are selected because, from experience, they are expected to provide the test

evidence required.

Then, taking account of the experience of the railways, it is possible to establish a general method for

determining the susceptibility of train detection systems, described in this document. General

requirements how to establish immunity have been defined in EN 50617-1 and EN 50617-2.

Before assessing the electromagnetic emissions of rolling stock, sufficient knowledge of the electric circuit

diagram of the power equipment is necessary, including switching frequencies of on-board power

converters, type of regulation used for power converters, resonant frequency of each filter, operating

limits under high and low supply voltages, degraded modes of operation, etc. EN 50592 defines the

testing method of rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility with axle counters.

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1 Scope

This document describes a process to demonstrate compatibility between Rolling Stock (RST) and Train

Detection Systems (TDS). It describes the characterization of train detection systems, rolling stock and

traction power supply systems.

It is worth noting that the demonstration of technical compatibility between the rolling stock and

infrastructure with respect to physical dimensions is not detailed in this document.

This document is not generally applicable to those combinations of rolling stock, traction power supply

and train detection system which were accepted as compatible prior to the issue of this document.

However, as far as is reasonably practicable, this document can be applied to modifications of rolling

stock, traction power supply or train detection systems which may affect compatibility. The detailed

process can be used where no rules and processes for compatibility are established.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 50617-1, Railway applications – Technical parameters of train detection systems for the

interoperability of the trans-European railway system – Part 1: Track circuits

EN 50617-2, Railway Applications – Technical parameters of train detection systems for the

interoperability of the trans-European railway system –- Part 2: Axle counters

EN 50592, Railway applications – Testing of rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility with axle

counters
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
competent body
body responsible for the independent evaluation of the compatibility case

Note 1 to entry: This can be an accredited conformity body or an Independent Safety Assessor. This role is not

limited to external parties, unless mandated under the applicable legislation.
3.1.2
compatibility case

set of documents which records the evidence demonstrating the compatibility between rolling stock,

traction power supplies and train detection systems for a specific route or specific railway network

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-821:2017, 821-03-47]
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3.1.3
degraded mode

mode of operation in the presence of faults which have been anticipated in the design of the signalling

system or the rolling stock
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-821:2017, 821-01-52]
3.1.4
traction power supply system

part of the overall electricity energy supply system, not extending beyond the dedicated feeder stations on

the rail network

Note 1 to entry: EN 50388 applies at the interface to the national electricity supply network.

3.1.5
wheel detector
sensor which detects the passage of a wheel

Note 1 to entry: A wheel detector can be used as part of an axle counter system or as a treadle.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-821:2017, 821-03-53]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
IM Infrastructure Manager
MVA Mega Volt-Ampere
NTR National Technical Rule
RINF Register of Infrastructure
RST Rolling Stock
TDS Train Detection System
WSF Wrong side failure
4 Compatibility process
4.1 Overview

The party which introduces a new element or introduces a change of an existing element or system is

responsible for demonstrating compatibility between rolling stock, train detection, traction power supply

systems and neighbouring infrastructure, if applicable. The party is responsible for intiating the

compatibility process. The relevant data shall be made available to the party responsible for

constructing/amending the compatibility case. If data are not available or not sufficient, alternative

arrangements can be made by both the responsible party and the affected party to demonstrate

compatibility, for example by making specific compatibility tests. It is recommended that a competent

body assesses the compatibility case if the modification is deemed a significant change. Hereunder the

specific tasks to demonstrate compatibility are listed and explained.
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4.2 Detailed compatibility process
The compatibility process is summarized in Figure 2.
Figure 2 — The compatibility process
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4.3 Compatibility case

A compatibility case shall be prepared, following the process depicted in Figure 2, including but not

limited to the:
— definition of the scope of the compatibility case including:
• new element to be introduced;
• identification of the route or area of use (network) if applicable;
• operational conditions;
— description of the overall rail system including:
• infrastructure:
– train detection system (frequency-wide immunity limits if available);

– track parameters relevant for the train detection system (e.g. earthing and bonding);

– traction power supply and line parameters;
• rolling stock in any configuration, incl. degraded modes:
– relevant operational conditions e.g. power limitations;

– factors affecting rolling stock characteristics and compatibility as listed in Annex C,

identification of disturbance sources, their behaviour and/or applicable summation rules;

• adjacent infrastructure and other rolling stock, if applicable;

— theoretical analysis (e.g. simulation) against requirements of the scope including assumptions:

• derive the permissible interference per on-board source using the analysis in 4.8;

— test plan taking account of the results of the theoretical analysis;
— test reports – see Clause 8;
— assessment of theoretical analysis and test reports against requirements:
• related compatibility cases;
• check of validity of assumptions;
• check if restrictions may be lifted or relaxed;
— quality management plan and evidence.

If a Competent Body is appointed, then it is recommended to involve them at each step of the

compatibility case.

It is recognized that characterization of interference generated and propagated by rolling stock can be a

time consuming process, which may require a significant amount of testing during service operations in

order to refine the characteristics. Therefore, provided that the risks to all parties can be demonstrated to

be acceptable, temporary operational conditions may be imposed prior to full compatibility established.

Hereunder specific aspects of the compatibility case will be further outlined.
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4.4 Quality management

Quality management systems shall be in place. The importance of configuration management should be

noted.

The configuration state of the relevant infrastructure and rolling stock (including maintenance processes

and schedules) shall be recorded and referenced within the compatibility case. Any subsequent changes

to these configurations shall lead to an examination of the continued validity of the compatibility case.

4.5 Route identification for introduction of RST (new or changed)

In order to accept a particular rolling stock in respect of a particular route or network, the different types

and applications of train detection systems and traction power supply systems, if applicable, on the

network or on the route and on adjacent routes which may be affected shall be identified. In addition to

the intended operational route(s), alternative route(s), which may be required in the event of disruption to

traffic shall also be considered.
4.6 Introduction of infrastructure elements (new or changed)

In order to accept a particular infrastructure change (e.g. TDS or traction power supply) in respect of a

particular route or network, the different types of RST, TDS and traction power supply systems on the

network or on the route and on adjacent routes, which may be affected, shall be identified.

4.7 Characterization

The characteristics of the identified systems shall be obtained in accordance with the following clauses:

• For train detection systems: Clause 5;
• For rolling stock: Clause 6;
• For power supply system: Clause 7.
4.8 Compatibility analyses
4.8.1 General terms

It is demonstrated that the rolling stock characteristics for generated and propagated interference comply

with the train detection system limits, under defined operating conditions, including degraded modes,

such as described in EN 50617-1, EN 50617-2, EN 50592. Their relationship is shown in Figure 3. The

information flow may be in either direction depending on which system is to be changed.

NOTE 1 Compatibility is now based on worst-case conditions. This results in very harsh requirements for rolling

stock interference limits, while in practice the tolerable interference level is much higher due to overall degradation of

older systems and interference produced by the current collecting system. Despite this situation, the cases with

hazards caused by interference are very rare. It is obvious that a perspective of risk calculation will ease the

interference current requirement by probably a decade.

The safety margin is applicable for safety related tests, where train detection technology implies WSF.

The availability margin is applicable for availability related tests. All applicable parameters for

compatibility cases of track circuits and axle counters can be identified from EN 50617-1 and EN 50617-2

respectively.

The compatibility analysis is mandatory and shall explain the technical principles which ensure

compatibility, including (or giving reference to) all supporting evidence e.g. calculations, test plans and

results etc.

The method of analysis of fault modes shall be agreed between the parties listed in 4.3.

The scenario for compatibility including the worst case shall be described with the following parameters:

• transfer function between interference sources (rolling stock and infrastructure) and sensitivity level

of the used TDS in the specified frequency band;
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• characteristics, operating modes and conditions of rolling stock (normal and degraded modes of RST

and maximum torque, speed or other operating conditions);

• characteristics and operating conditions (normal and degraded modes) of traction power supply

including substation parameters and traction return path.

• safety and/or availability margin taking account of the above modes and conditions. Track circuit

sequencing is considered when safety or availability margins are agreed.

NOTE 2 Testing during operation in service on one vehicle will establish a probability for generated interference,

e.g. a level down to once per 1 000
...