CLC/TS 50654-2:2020
(Main)HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations - Guideline and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications - Part 2: Parameter Lists
HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations - Guideline and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications - Part 2: Parameter Lists
1.1 General These Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications describe specific functional requirements for HVDC Grid Systems. The terminology "HVDC Grid Systems" is used here describing HVDC systems for power transmission having more than two converter stations connected to a common DC circuit. While this document focuses on requirements, that are specific for HVDC Grid Systems, some requirements are considered applicable to all HVDC systems in general, i.e. including point-to-point HVDC systems. Existing IEC, Cigré or other documents relevant have been used for reference as far as possible. Corresponding to electric power transmission applications, this document is applicable to high voltage systems, i.e. only nominal DC voltages equal or higher than 50 kV with respect to earth are considered in this document. NOTE While the physical principles of DC networks are basically voltage independent, the technical options for designing equipment get much wider with lower DC voltage levels, e.g. in case of converters or switchgear. Both parts have the same outline and headlines to aid the reader. 1.2 About the present release The present release of the Guidelines and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications describes technical guidelines and specifications for HVDC Grid Systems which are characterized by having exactly one single connection between two converter stations, often referred to as radial systems. When developing the requirements for radial systems, care is taken not to build up potential showstoppers for meshed systems. Meshed HVDC Grid Systems can be included into this specification at a later point in time. The Guidelines and Parameter List to the Functional Specification of HVDC Grid Systems cover technical aspects of: - coordination of HVDC grid and AC systems - HVDC Grid System characteristics - HVDC Grid System control - HVDC Grid System protection - AC/DC converter stations - HVDC Grid System installations, including DC switching stations - models and validation - HVDC Grid System integration tests Beyond the present scope, the following content is proposed for future work: - transmission lines and transition stations - DC/DC converter stations - DC line power flow controllers
Hochspannungsgleichstrom-Netzsysteme - Leitfaden und Parameter-Listen für funktionale Spezifikationen - Teil 2: Parameter-Listen
Réseaux CCHT et stations de conversion connectées - Lignes directrices et listes de paramètres pour les spécifications fonctionnelles - Partie 2: Listes de paramètres
Sistemi visokonapetostnega enosmernega omrežja in priključene pretvorniške postaje - Smernice in seznam parametrov za funkcijsko specifikacijo - 2. del: Seznam parametrov
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 is a technical specification published by CLC. Its full title is "HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations - Guideline and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications - Part 2: Parameter Lists". This standard covers: 1.1 General These Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications describe specific functional requirements for HVDC Grid Systems. The terminology "HVDC Grid Systems" is used here describing HVDC systems for power transmission having more than two converter stations connected to a common DC circuit. While this document focuses on requirements, that are specific for HVDC Grid Systems, some requirements are considered applicable to all HVDC systems in general, i.e. including point-to-point HVDC systems. Existing IEC, Cigré or other documents relevant have been used for reference as far as possible. Corresponding to electric power transmission applications, this document is applicable to high voltage systems, i.e. only nominal DC voltages equal or higher than 50 kV with respect to earth are considered in this document. NOTE While the physical principles of DC networks are basically voltage independent, the technical options for designing equipment get much wider with lower DC voltage levels, e.g. in case of converters or switchgear. Both parts have the same outline and headlines to aid the reader. 1.2 About the present release The present release of the Guidelines and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications describes technical guidelines and specifications for HVDC Grid Systems which are characterized by having exactly one single connection between two converter stations, often referred to as radial systems. When developing the requirements for radial systems, care is taken not to build up potential showstoppers for meshed systems. Meshed HVDC Grid Systems can be included into this specification at a later point in time. The Guidelines and Parameter List to the Functional Specification of HVDC Grid Systems cover technical aspects of: - coordination of HVDC grid and AC systems - HVDC Grid System characteristics - HVDC Grid System control - HVDC Grid System protection - AC/DC converter stations - HVDC Grid System installations, including DC switching stations - models and validation - HVDC Grid System integration tests Beyond the present scope, the following content is proposed for future work: - transmission lines and transition stations - DC/DC converter stations - DC line power flow controllers
1.1 General These Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications describe specific functional requirements for HVDC Grid Systems. The terminology "HVDC Grid Systems" is used here describing HVDC systems for power transmission having more than two converter stations connected to a common DC circuit. While this document focuses on requirements, that are specific for HVDC Grid Systems, some requirements are considered applicable to all HVDC systems in general, i.e. including point-to-point HVDC systems. Existing IEC, Cigré or other documents relevant have been used for reference as far as possible. Corresponding to electric power transmission applications, this document is applicable to high voltage systems, i.e. only nominal DC voltages equal or higher than 50 kV with respect to earth are considered in this document. NOTE While the physical principles of DC networks are basically voltage independent, the technical options for designing equipment get much wider with lower DC voltage levels, e.g. in case of converters or switchgear. Both parts have the same outline and headlines to aid the reader. 1.2 About the present release The present release of the Guidelines and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications describes technical guidelines and specifications for HVDC Grid Systems which are characterized by having exactly one single connection between two converter stations, often referred to as radial systems. When developing the requirements for radial systems, care is taken not to build up potential showstoppers for meshed systems. Meshed HVDC Grid Systems can be included into this specification at a later point in time. The Guidelines and Parameter List to the Functional Specification of HVDC Grid Systems cover technical aspects of: - coordination of HVDC grid and AC systems - HVDC Grid System characteristics - HVDC Grid System control - HVDC Grid System protection - AC/DC converter stations - HVDC Grid System installations, including DC switching stations - models and validation - HVDC Grid System integration tests Beyond the present scope, the following content is proposed for future work: - transmission lines and transition stations - DC/DC converter stations - DC line power flow controllers
CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 29.240.01 - Power transmission and distribution networks in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to CLC/TS 50654-2:2018, CLC IEC/TS 63291-2:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CLC standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CLC/TS 50654-2:2018
Sistemi visokonapetostnega enosmernega omrežja in priključene pretvorniške
postaje - Smernice in seznam parametrov za funkcijsko specifikacijo - 2. del:
Seznam parametrov
HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations - Guideline and Parameter Lists
for Functional Specifications - Part 2: Parameter Lists
Hochspannungsgleichstrom-Netzsysteme - Leitfaden und Parameter-Listen für
funktionale Spezifikationen - Teil 2: Parameter-Listen
Réseaux CCHT et stations de conversion connectées - Lignes directrices et listes de
paramètres pour les spécifications fonctionnelles - Partie 2: Listes de paramètres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TS 50654-2:2020
ICS:
29.240.01 Omrežja za prenos in Power transmission and
distribucijo električne energije distribution networks in
na splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CLC/TS 50654-2
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
June 2020
ICS 29.240.01 Supersedes CLC/TS 50654-2:2018
English Version
HVDC Grid Systems and connected Converter Stations -
Guideline and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications -
Part 2: Parameter Lists
Réseaux CCHT et stations de conversion connectées - Hochspannungsgleichstrom-Netzsysteme - Leitfaden und
Lignes directrices et listes de paramètres pour les Parameter-Listen für funktionale Spezifikationen - Teil 2:
spécifications fonctionnelles - Partie 2: Listes de Parameter-Listen
paramètres
This Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2020-04-13.
CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the TS available promptly
at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 E
Contents Page
European foreword .6
Introduction .7
1 Scope .8
1.1 General .8
1.2 About the present release.8
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .10
3.1 Terms and definitions .10
3.2 Abbreviations .12
4 Coordination of HVDC Grid System and AC Systems . 13
4.1 General .13
4.2 Purpose of the HVDC Grid System and Power Network Diagram . 13
4.3 AC/DC Power Flow Optimisation .13
4.4 Converter Operational Functions .17
4.4.1 Basic Operation Functions – Converter Normal Operation State . 17
4.4.2 Basic Operation Functions – Converter Abnormal Operation State . 18
4.4.3 Ancillary Services .21
5 HVDC Grid System Characteristics .25
5.1 HVDC Circuit Topologies .25
5.1.1 Availability and Reliability .25
5.1.2 Basic Characteristics and Nomenclature . 26
5.1.3 Attributes of HVDC Grid Systems or HVDC Grid Sub-Systems. 26
5.1.4 Attributes of a Station .26
5.2 Connection Modes. 27
5.3 Grid Operating States .27
5.3.1 General .27
5.3.2 Normal State .27
5.3.3 Alert State .27
5.3.4 Emergency State .28
5.3.5 Blackout State .28
5.3.6 Restoration .28
5.4 DC Voltages .28
5.4.1 General .28
5.4.2 Nominal DC System Voltage .29
5.4.3 Steady-State DC Voltage .30
5.4.4 Temporary DC Voltage .30
5.4.5 Neutral Bus Voltages .31
5.5 Insulation Coordination .31
5.6 Short-Circuit Characteristics .31
5.6.1 Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents in HVDC Grid Systems . 31
5.6.2 Short-Circuit Current Design Requirements . 33
5.7 Steady-State Voltage and Current Distortions . 33
5.7.1 Voltage and Current Distortion Limits.33
5.7.2 Frequency Dependent DC System Impedance . 34
5.8 DC System Restoration .34
5.8.1 General .34
5.8.2 Post DC Fault Recovery .34
5.8.3 Restoration from Blackout .34
6 HVDC Grid System Control .35
6.1 Closed-Loop Control Functions .35
6.1.1 General .35
6.1.2 Core Control Functions .35
6.1.3 Coordinating Control Functions .35
6.2 Controller Hierarchy . 35
6.2.1 General .35
6.2.2 Internal Converter Control .35
6.2.3 DC Node Voltage Control .35
6.2.4 Coordinated HVDC Grid System Control . 35
6.2.5 AC/DC Grid Control .37
6.3 Propagation of Information .38
6.4 Open-Loop Controls .41
6.4.1 Coordination of Connection Modes between Stations and their PoC-DCs . 41
6.4.2 Operating Sequences for HVDC Grid System Installations . 41
6.4.3 Post DC Fault Recovery .43
7 HVDC Grid System Protection .43
7.1 General .43
7.2 DC Fault Separation .43
7.3 Protection System Related Installations and Equipment . 43
7.3.1 AC/DC Converter Station .43
7.3.2 HVDC Grid System Topology and Equipment . 43
7.4 HVDC Grid System Protection Zones .43
7.4.1 General .43
7.4.2 Permanent Stop P .45
7.4.3 Permanent Stop PQ .46
7.4.4 Temporary Stop P.46
7.4.5 Temporary Stop PQ .46
7.4.6 Continued Operation .46
7.4.7 Example of a Protection Zone Matrix .46
7.5 DC Protection .46
7.5.1 General .46
7.5.2 DC Converter Protections .47
7.5.3 HVDC Grid System Protections .47
7.5.4 DC Grid Protection Communication .47
8 AC/DC Converter Stations .47
8.1 Introduction .47
8.2 AC/DC Converter Station Types .47
8.3 Overall Requirements .47
8.3.1 Robustness of AC/DC Converter Stations . 47
8.3.2 Availability and Reliability .47
8.3.3 Active Power Reversal .48
8.4 Main Circuit Design . 48
8.4.1 General Characteristics .48
8.4.2 DC Side .49
8.4.3 AC Side .54
8.5 Controls .54
8.5.1 General .54
8.5.2 Automated vs. Manual Operation . 54
8.5.3 Control Modes & Support of Coordination . 55
8.5.4 Limitation Strategies .56
8.5.5 Operating Sequences for AC/DC Converter Station . 56
8.5.6 Dynamic Behaviour .56
8.6 Protection .57
8.6.1 General .57
8.6.2 Configuration Requirements .57
8.6.3 Function Requirements .57
8.6.4 DC Grid Interface .57
8.6.5 Fault Separation Strategy for Faults inside the AC/DC Converter Station . 57
8.6.6 Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System . 57
8.6.7 Example for Coordination of the DC Protection with the HVDC Grid System . 57
9 HVDC Grid System Installations .57
9.1 General .57
9.2 DC Switching Station .58
9.2.1 Overall Requirements .58
9.2.2 Main Circuit Design .58
9.2.3 Controls .64
9.2.4 Protection .68
10 Models and Validation .69
10.1 Introduction .69
10.2 HVDC Grid System Studies .69
10.2.1 Type of Studies .69
10.2.2 Tools and Methods .69
10.3 Model General Specifications .69
10.3.1 Model Capability . 69
10.3.2 Model Format and Data Type .69
10.3.3 Model Aggregation.69
10.4 Model Specific Recommendations .70
10.4.1 Load Flow Models.70
10.4.2 Short-Circuit Models .71
10.4.3 Protection System Models .71
10.4.4 Insulation Coordination Related Models . 71
10.4.5 Electromechanical Transient Models .71
10.4.6 Electromagnetic Transient Models . 72
10.4.7 Power Quality Models .78
10.5 Model Validation .78
10.6 Compliance Simulation .79
10.7 Outputs/Results .79
10.7.1 Model Data .79
10.7.2 Model Documentation .79
10.7.3 Model Example . 79
10.7.4 Model Compliance Documentation .80
10.7.5 Model Validation Documentation – Model Final Version . 80
10.7.6 Model Guarantee .80
11 HVDC Grid System Integration Tests .80
11.1 Off-Site Testing of the HVDC Control and Protection System . 80
11.2 Dynamic Performance Study/Tests (DPS) Performed with Offline Models . 80
11.2.1 DPS Simulations in a Multi-Vendor Environment . 80
11.2.2 DPS Simulations Scenarios .80
11.3 Factory Tests .81
11.3.1 General .81
11.3.2 Factory Test Scenarios .81
11.3.3 Factory Tests when Existing System C&P Replicas are Available . 81
11.3.4 Factory Tests when Existing System C&P Replicas are not Available . 81
11.4 On Site Testing . 82
Bibliography .83
European foreword
This document (CLC/TS 50654-2:2020) has been prepared by CLC/TC8X “System aspects of electrical
energy supply”.
This document supersedes CLC/TS 50654-2:2018.
2:2018:
— new content concerning AC/DC converter stations;
— new content concerning HVDC Grid System installations, including DC switching stations;
— new content concerning HVDC Grid System integration tests.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
HVDC Grid Systems are a new field of technology. There are very few systems with a small number of
converter stations in operation; some more are in execution or in detailed planning.
The Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications are presented featuring planning,
specification and execution of multi-vendor HVDC Grid Systems in Europe. Being elaborated by a team of
experts from leading manufacturers of HVDC technology, Transmission System Operators (TSO's),
Academia and Institutions in Europe, the present document provides a commonly agreed basis for an open
market of compatible equipment and solutions for HVDC Grid Systems. Executing such systems and
gaining operational experience is seen an important prerequisite for developing corresponding technical
standards in the future.
By elaborating this document, special care has been taken to as far as possible describe the requirements
in a technologically independent way. In order to achieve that, a function of interest is described by a
comprehensive set of parameters. The parameters are selected based on a systematic analysis of physical
phenomena relevant to achieve the requested functionality. The physical phenomena are categorized in
order to show the mutual dependence of the individual parameters and ensure completeness of the physical
aspects to be considered. Based on a clearly defined common language describing the functionalities
requested, existing technologies can be applied, or new dedicated technical solutions can be developed.
Reflecting the early stage of technology, these Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications
need comprehensive explanations and background information for the technical parameters. This dual
character of the content will be represented by two corresponding parts:
• Part I “Guidelines” containing the explanations and the background information in context with the
Parameter Lists.
• Part II “Parameter Lists” containing the essential lists of parameters and values describing
properties of the AC respectively DC system (operating conditions) and parameters describing the
performance of the newly installed component (performance requirements).
1 Scope
1.1 General
These Guidelines and Parameter Lists to Functional Specifications describe specific functional
requirements for HVDC Grid Systems. The terminology “HVDC Grid Systems” is used here describing
HVDC systems for power transmission having more than two converter stations connected to a common
DC circuit.
While this document focuses on requirements, that are specific for HVDC Grid Systems, some requirements
are considered applicable to all HVDC systems in general, i.e. including point-to-point HVDC systems.
Existing IEC, Cigré or other documents relevant have been used for reference as far as possible.
Corresponding to electric power transmission applications, this document is applicable to high voltage
systems, i.e. only nominal DC voltages equal or higher than 50 kV with respect to earth are considered in
this document.
NOTE While the physical principles of DC networks are basically voltage independent, the technical options for
designing equipment get much wider with lower DC voltage levels, e.g. in case of converters or switchgear.
Both parts have the same outline and headlines to aid the reader.
1.2 About the present release
The present release of the Guidelines and Parameter Lists for Functional Specifications describes technical
guidelines and specifications for HVDC Grid Systems which are characterized by having exactly one single
connection between two converter stations, often referred to as radial systems. When developing the
requirements for radial systems, care is taken not to build up potential showstoppers for meshed systems.
Meshed HVDC Grid Systems can be included into this specification at a later point in time.
The Guidelines and Parameter List to the Functional Specification of HVDC Grid Systems cover technical
aspects of:
• coordination of HVDC grid and AC systems
• HVDC Grid System characteristics
• HVDC Grid System control
• HVDC Grid System protection
• AC/DC converter stations
• HVDC Grid System installations, including DC switching stations
• models and validation
• HVDC Grid System integration tests
Beyond the present scope, the following content is proposed for future work:
• transmission lines and transition stations
• DC/DC converter stations
• DC line power flow controllers
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 61660-1:1997, Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations - Part
1: Calculation of short-circuit currents
IEC/TR 60919-1:2010 , Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated
converters – Part 1: Steady-state conditions
IEC 62747:2014 , Terminology for voltage-sourced converters (VSC) for high-voltage direct current
(HVDC) systems
IEV 351-45-27, International electrotechnical vocabulary, control technology
As impacted by IEC/TR 60919-1:2010/A1:2013, IEC/TR 60919-1:2010/A2:2017.
As impacted by IEC 62747:2014/A1:2019.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain
terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
AC/DC converter unit
indivisible operative unit comprising all equipment between the point of connection on the AC side and the
point of connection on the DC side, essentially one or more converters, together with converter
transformers, control equipment, essential protective and switching devices and auxiliaries, if any, used for
conversion
[SOURCE: EN 62747:2014 , modified – The definition was neutralised with respect to technology (not only
VSC converters) and uses the terms PoC as defined in the present document]
3.1.2
AC/DC converter station
part of an HVDC system which consists of one or more AC/DC converter units including DC switchgear,
DC fault current controlling devices, if any, installed in a single location together with buildings, reactors,
filters, reactive power supply, control, monitoring, protective, measuring and auxiliary equipment
[SOURCE: EN 62747:2014 , modified – The definition was made specific with respect to AC/DC converter
units, differentiating from DC/DC converter units. Furthermore, only the term AC/DC converter station is
used in the present document]
3.1.3
Point of connection-DC
PoC-DC
electrical interface point at DC voltage as shown in Figure 1
3.1.4
Point of connection-AC
PoC-AC
electrical interface point at AC voltage as shown in Figure 1
Figure 1 — Definition of the Point of Connection-AC and the Point of Connection-DC at an AC/DC
converter station
3.1.5
DC/DC converter unit
indivisible operative unit comprising all equipment between the points of connection to the HVDC Grid
System, essentially one or more converters, together with converter transformers, if any, control equipment,
essential protective and switching devices and auxiliaries, if any, used for conversion
3.1.6
DC/DC converter station
part of an HVDC Grid System which consists of one or more DC/DC converter units including DC
switchgear, DC fault current controlling devices, if any, installed in a single location together with buildings,
reactors, filters, control, monitoring, protective, measuring and auxiliary equipment, if any
3.1.7
DC switching unit
indivisible operative unit comprising all equipment between the DC busbars and the terminals (HV poles
and neutral, if any) of one point of connection on the DC side, comprising, if any, one or more switches,
control, monitoring, protective, measuring equipment and auxiliaries
3.1.8
DC switching station
part of an HVDC Grid System which consists of one or more DC switches, but not converter units, installed
in a single location together with buildings, reactors, filters, control, monitoring, protective, measuring and
auxiliary equipment, if any
3.1.9
HVDC Grid System
high voltage direct current transmission network connecting more than two AC/DC converter stations
transferring energy in the form of high-voltage direct current including related transmission lines, switching
stations, DC/DC converter stations, if any, as well as other equipment and sub-systems needed for
operation
3.1.10
meshed HVDC Grid System
HVDC Grid System having more than one direct current connection between at least two converter stations
3.1.11
radial HVDC Grid System
HVDC Grid System having exactly one direct current connection between two arbitrary converter stations
3.1.12
DC protection zone
physical part of a HVDC Grid System with a distinct DC fault handling sequence
3.1.13
rigid bipolar (HVDC) system
bipolar (HVDC) system without Dedicated Return Path or electrodes as illustrated in Figure 2
Note 1 to entry: Monopolar operation is possible by means of bypass switches during a converter pole outage, but
not during an HVDC conductor outage. A short bipolar outage will follow a converter pole outage before bypass
operation can be established.
[SOURCE: IEC/TR 60919-1:2010 ]
Figure 2 — Rigid Bipolar HVDC system
3.2 Abbreviations
AC/DC alternating current / direct current (conversion)
BB bus bar
CB circuit breaker
CLES converter local earthing switch
CU converter unit
C&P control and protection
DC/DC direct current / direct current (conversion)
DPS dynamic performance studies
DPT dynamic performance tests
EMT electromagnetic transients
ENTSO-E European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity
ERTS earth return transfer switch
FAT factory acceptance tests
FCR frequency containment reserve
FRR frequency restoration reserve
FSD fault separation device
GOOSE generic object-oriented substation events
HSS high-speed switches
HV high voltage
HVDC high-voltage direct current
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
LAT laboratory acceptance test
MMC modular multilevel converter
MRTS metallic return transfer switch
NBGS neutral bus grounding switch
NBS neutral bus switch
NC Network Code
OHL overhead line
OP operating point
OPF optimum power flow
OVRT over-voltage ride through
PoC point of connection
POD power oscillation damping
STATCOM static synchronous compensator
SRAS System Recovery Ancillary Service
T terminal
THD total harmonic distortion
TSO transmission system operator
UVRT under-voltage ride through
VSC voltage-sourced converter
4 Coordination of HVDC Grid System and AC Systems
4.1 General
No parameters necessary.
4.2 Purpose of the HVDC Grid System and Power Network Diagram
To explain the AC and HVDC Grid System structure a network diagram shall be specified showing the grid
topology including the installations and their connections. This diagram shall contain information such as:
• AC/DC converter station
• DC switching station
• transmission line (overhead line, cable or combinations thereof)
• DC/DC converter station
• DC line power flow controller.
• AC networks showing the connection of each AC/DC converter station to the synchronous areas
• HVDC Grid System topology and converter station topology for each AC/DC converter station as
well as each DC/DC converter station according to the nomenclature given in Table 1.
• DC earthing impedances at each AC/DC converter station and DC/DC converter station
• fault separation devices
• energy storages
• energy absorbers, e.g. dynamic braking devices typically used for absorbing energy from wind
farms or HV pole re-balancing after pole-to-earth DC faults
Table 1 — Nomenclature of HVDC circuit topologies
Characteristics of the HVDC Grid System - Characteristics of a converter station
Number of DC DC earthing - connection neutral return path station earthing
HV poles to pole
1 DC “z” not effectively - “1” pole 1 “O” none “O” none
earthed
2 “2” pole 2 “R” return “Z” impedance
“e” effectively earthed conductor
“B” both “E” direct
“E” earth or sea
electrode
Please refer to CLC/TS 50654-1:2018, 5.1, for details of the nomenclature
4.3 AC/DC Power Flow Optimisation
To provide a basis for the AC/DC power flow optimization the purpose and the operational strategy of the
combined AC/DC system needs to be described. The optimization problem is expressed by objective
function(s) and relevant boundary conditions.
The interface points between the HVDC Grid System and AC systems are the Points of Connection (PoC-
AC).
The parameters needed to perform a power flow calculation for AC and DC systems both in normal or in
abnormal operating state are listed in Table 2 and Table 3.
The active vs. reactive power capabilities in Table 2 can alternatively be specified using PQ-diagrams and
corresponding operating point tables. All active and reactive power characteristics shall be stated with
respect to a given AC system voltage operating range.
The power flow shall be specified such that the power exchange of a converter station operating in
rectification mode (rectifier) shall be counted positive, i.e. power flowing from the PoC-AC into the converter
and further on from the converter into the PoC-DC shall have positive sign.
Table 2 — Active and Reactive Power Characteristics for a Given AC System Voltage Operating
Range
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
U maximum steady-state voltage at kV
XACmax_ss
each station defined at the PoC-
AC, a station being identified by
X = A, B, …Z
U minimum steady-state voltage at kV
XACmin_ss
each station defined at the PoC-
AC, a station being identified by
X = A, B, …Z
P maximum active maximum steady-state active MW
XACmax_ss
power power exchange between AC and
DC network at each station
defined at the PoC-AC, a station
being identified by X = A, B, …Z
P minimum active minimum steady-state active MW
XACmin_ss
power power exchange between AC and
DC network at each station
defined at the PoC-AC, a station
being identified by X = A, B, …Z
P maximum active maximum temporary active power MW
XACmax_temp
power exchange between AC and DC
network at each station defined at
the PoC-AC, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
P minimum active minimum temporary active power MW
XACmin_temp
power exchange between AC and DC
network at each station defined at
the PoC-AC, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
Instead of P , the rated active power P may be defined at the PoC-DC.
XACmax_ss XDCmax_ss
Instead of P , the rated active power P may be defined at the PoC-DC.
XACmin_ss XDCmin_ss
Instead of P , the rated active power P may be defined at the PoC-DC.
XACmax_temp XDCmax_temp
Instead of PXACmin_temp, the rated active power PXDCmin_temp may be defined at the PoC-DC.
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
t time time, for which limits of temporary s
XP_AC_temp
maximum and minimum active
power apply
P power losses of power losses function MW
Xloss_rat
station X
Q ( ) maximum maximum steady-state reactive Mvar
Xmax_ss .
reactive power power exchange capability chart
(inductive and capacitive)
depending on active power and
voltage (P ,U ) at the PoC-
XAC XAC
AC of each station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
Q ( ) minimum reactive minimum steady-state reactive Mvar
Xmin_ss .
power power exchange capability chart
(inductive and capacitive)
depending on active power and
voltage (P ,U ) at the PoC-
XAC XAC
AC of each station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
Q ( ) maximum maximum temporary reactive Mvar
Xmax_temp .
reactive power power exchange capability chart
(inductive and capacitive)
depending on active power and
voltage (P ,U ) at the PoC-
XAC XAC
AC of each station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
Q ( ) minimum reactive minimum temporary reactive Mvar
Xmin_temp .
power power exchange capability chart
(inductive and capacitive)
depending on active power and
voltage (P ,U ) at the PoC-
XAC XAC
AC of each station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
t time time, for which limits of temporary s
XQ_AC_temp
maximum and minimum reactive
power apply
dP/dt Maximum rate of change of active MW/s
Xmax
power flow at each converter
station, a station being identified
by X = A, B, …Z
Instead of P , power losses at various operating points OP may be given.
loss_rat Xloss_OP
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
dP/dt Minimum required rate of change MW/s
Xmin
of active power flow at each
converter station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
dQ/dt Maximum rate of change of Mvar/s
Xmax
reactive power flow at each
converter station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
dQ/dt Minimum required rate of change Mvar/s
Xmin
of reactive power flow at each
converter station, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
T minimum ambient Minimum ambient temperature at °C
XAMB_min
temperature each converter station over which
the real and reactive power
capability must be met, a station
being identified by X = A, B, …Z
T maximum Maximum ambient temperature at °C
XAMB_max
ambient each converter station over which
temperature the real and reactive power
capability must be met, a station
being identified by X = A, B, …Z
Table 3 — DC Line Parameters
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
I ampacity ampacity of each DC line, kA
XYDC_Lrat
identified by its terminating
stations X,Y = A, B, …Z
control Mode please refer to 6 N/A
control Mode please refer to 6 various
Parameters
G DC conductance [G ] = S
DC i,j
matrix including
the dedicated
metallic return
conductors,
electrode lines
and earthing
impedances, if
any
U DC voltage band [U ] = kV
DC i
vector
Z AC impedance …. [Z ] = Ω
AC i,j
matrix
B AC conductance [B ] = S
AC i,j
matrix
Y AC admittance [Y ] = S
AC i,j
matrix
I AC line ampacity [I ] = A
AC_Lrat i
vector
4.4 Converter Operational Functions
4.4.1 Basic Operation Functions – Converter Normal Operation State
4.4.1.1 General
No parameters necessary.
A matrix can also be provided as network diagram including parameters.
4.4.1.2 AC System Frequency by a Frequency / Power Droop
Table 4 — Parameter list for AC system frequency by a frequency / power droop
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
P rated active rated active power exchange MW
XACrat
power between AC and DC network at
each station defined at the POC
on the AC side, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
s AC frequency / defines the droop constant for the N/A
PF
active power converter control regarding the
droop change of the active power
reference with respect to the AC
system frequency
4.4.1.3 DC Voltage / DC Power Droop
Table 5 — Parameter list for DC voltage / DC power droop
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
U DC voltage rated DC voltage at each station kV
XDCrat
defined at the PoC-DC, a station
being identified by X = A, B, … Z
s DC voltage / defines the change of active power N/A
P_UDC
reference in response to a
DC power droop
deviation of the DC voltage from
its reference value
s DC voltage / defines the change of DC current N/A
IDC_UDC
reference in response to a
DC current droop
deviation of the DC voltage from
its reference value.
4.4.2 Basic Operation Functions – Converter Abnormal Operation State
4.4.2.1 General
No parameters necessary.
Instead of P , the nominal active power P may be defined at the PoC on the DC side
XACrat XDCrat
4.4.2.2 Network Conditions and Power Flow Requirements
Table 6 — Parameters describing the operation conditions of the AC network prior and after a
fault
Symbol Parameter Characteristic Value Unit
P power Maximum loss of power due to MW
outagemax
system outages
I minimum short minimum steady-state short circuit kA
XSCmin_pre
circuit current current level the PoC-AC of a
station prior to a fault, a station
being identified by X = A, B, …Z
I minimum short minimum steady-state short circuit kA
XSCmin_post
circuit current current level the PoC-AC of a
station after a fault, a station being
identified by X = A, B, …Z
I maximum short maximum steady-state short circuit kA
XSCmax
circuit current current level the PoC-AC of a
station, a station being identified
by X = A, B, …Z
(X/R) minimum value of N/A
min
the X/R ratio
(X/R) maximum value N/A
max
of the X/R ratio
I “ minimum short minimum subtransient short circuit kA
XSCmin
circuit current current level the PoC-AC of a
station, a station being identified by
X = A, B, …Z
I “ maximum short maximum subtransient short circuit kA
XSCmax
circuit current current level the PoC-AC of a
station, a station being identified
...
CLC/TS 50654-2:2020は、高電圧直流（HVDC）グリッドシステムと接続されたコンバーターステーションに関するガイドライン及び機能仕様のためのパラメータリストを提供する重要な文書です。本規格の範囲は、共通の直流回路に接続された2つ以上のコンバーターステーションを持つHVDCグリッドシステムに特有の機能要件を定義しています。また、一般的なHVDCシステムにも適用される要件も含まれるため、点対点のHVDCシステムにとっても関連性があります。 本規格の強みは、特にHVDCグリッドシステムの機能仕様に関する技術的ガイドラインと要件が明確に示されている点にあります。これは、HVDCシステムが直流電力を効果的に伝送するために設計されていることを示し、特に52 kV以上の直流電圧に焦点を当てています。これにより、高電圧システムにおける電力伝送の安全性と効率を向上させます。 また、HVDCグリッドシステムにおける特定の技術的側面も詳述されており、ACシステムとの調整、システム特性、制御、保護、および設置に関する詳細が含まれています。これにより、HVDCグリッドシステムの設計者やエンジニアにとって有益なリソースとなっています。一貫した文書構成と見出しが設けられていることで、読み手にとってより理解しやすくなっており、情報へのアクセスが容易です。 将来的には、伝送線や遷移ステーション、DC/DCコンバーターステーションなど、さらなる技術分野の拡張も提案されています。これにより、HVDC技術の進化に合わせた新たな要件の追加が期待されます。 全体として、CLC/TS 50654-2:2020は、HVDCグリッドシステムに特化した comprehensive ガイドラインと、関連するパラメータリストを提供するものであり、HVDC技術における標準化の一助となる重要な資料です。
The CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 standard provides comprehensive guidelines and parameter lists specifically tailored for HVDC Grid Systems and connected converter stations. The scope of this standard encompasses the functional specifications essential for the operation of HVDC systems, establishing a framework that is applicable to high voltage systems operating at nominal DC voltages equal to or higher than 50 kV. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its clarity in detailing the functional requirements unique to HVDC Grid Systems, particularly those with multiple converter stations connected to a common DC circuit. It effectively differentiates between the requirements for radial HVDC systems, which this document primarily addresses, and potential future inclusions for meshed HVDC Grid Systems. This foresight enhances the standard’s relevance, ensuring it can adapt to evolving technology and integration necessities in the HVDC landscape. Furthermore, the standard's reliance on existing IEC and Cigré documents as references enriches its foundation. By building upon recognized frameworks, it guarantees a level of consistency and reliability in the specifications it provides. The thoroughness of the guidelines contributes not only to operational efficiency but also to the safe integration of HVDC Grid Systems with AC systems. The breadth of topics covered-ranging from system characteristics to control and protection mechanisms-illustrates the standard's holistic approach to HVDC Grid Systems. It ensures that engineers and system designers have access to cohesive, well-structured technical specifications that facilitate effective system implementation and operation. The inclusion of modeling, validation, and integration tests further reinforces the standard's commitment to quality and performance in the design and execution of HVDC systems. In summary, the CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 standard stands out for its detailed and practical specifications, making it a critical resource for professionals engaged in the development, implementation, and management of HVDC Grid Systems. Its focus on both current and future aspects of HVDC technology ensures it is a valuable tool in the evolving landscape of high voltage power transmission.
Die Norm CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 bietet umfassende Richtlinien und Parameterlisten für funktionale Spezifikationen von HVDC-Grid-Systemen. Der Fokus liegt auf spezifischen funktionalen Anforderungen für HVDC-Systeme, die durch mehr als zwei Umrichterstationen verbunden sind. Diese Norm ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Entwicklung und Optimierung von Hochspannungs-Gleichstromübertragung (HVDC) und positioniert sich als Leitfaden für zukünftige HVDC-Anwendungen. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die klare Definition der HVDC-Grid-Systeme und ihre Abgrenzung zu anderen HVDC-Architekturen. Die Verwendung von bestehenden Normen und Dokumenten wie IEC und Cigré unterstreicht die Validität und Relevanz dieser Richtlinien in der Branche. Besonders die Berücksichtigung von Anforderungen, die für Radialsysteme spezifisch sind, zeigt den praxisnahen Ansatz, den diese Norm verfolgt und vermeidet gleichzeitig Hindernisse für zukünftige meshed Systeme. Die Norm deckt essentielle technische Aspekte ab, die für die Koordination von HVDC-Grid und AC-Systemen von Bedeutung sind, sowie für die Charakteristiken, Steuerung und den Schutz von HVDC-Grid-Systemen. Diese umfassenden Parameterlisten erleichtern die Implementierung und Integration von HVDC-Systemen und stellen sicher, dass die entsprechenden Installationen, einschließlich DC-Schaltstationen und Umrichterstationen, die geforderten technischen Standards erfüllen. In Bezug auf die Zukunftsperspektiven wird in der Norm bereits angedeutet, dass weitere Entwicklungen in den Bereichen Übertragungsleitungen und DC/DC-Umrichterstationen angestrebt werden. Diese proaktive Planung zeigt, dass die Norm nicht nur auf die aktuellen Anforderungen fokussiert ist, sondern auch bereit ist, sich an künftige technologische Entwicklungen anzupassen. Die CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 stellt somit einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Standardisierung im Bereich der HVDC-Technologie dar und bietet sowohl Fachleuten als auch Unternehmen klare Richtlinien zur Umsetzung hochentwickelter HVDC-Grid-Systeme.
CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 표준 문서는 HVDC 그리드 시스템과 연결된 컨버터 스테이션에 대한 기능 사양을 위한 지침 및 매개변수 목록을 다루고 있습니다. 이 문서의 범위는 HVDC 그리드 시스템에 대한 특정 기능 요구사항을 설명하며, 이 시스템은 두 개 이상의 컨버터 스테이션이 공통 DC 회로에 연결된 전력 전송 시스템을 포함합니다. 특히, 이 표준은 50 kV 이상의 명목 DC 전압을 가진 고전압 시스템에 적용되며, AC 시스템과 HVDC 그리드 시스템 간의 조정, 그리드 시스템의 특성, 제어 및 보호 메커니즘 등을 포괄적으로 다룹니다. 표준의 강점은 HVDC 그리드 시스템의 기능적 요구사항을 상세히 기술하고, 독자가 이해하기 쉽도록 일정한 구조와 제목을 유지한다는 점입니다. 이 문서는 단일 연결을 가진 방사형 시스템에 중점을 두고 필요 시 메시형 시스템에 적합한 요구사항을 포함할 수 있도록 설계되었습니다. 또한, HVDC 그리드 시스템 설치 및 DC 스위칭 스테이션, 모델링 및 검증, 통합 테스트 등의 기술적 측면이 포함되어 있어 대규모 전력 전송에 필수적인 요소들을 제공합니다. CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 표준은 미래의 추가 작업을 위한 제안으로, 전송 라인과 전환 스테이션, DC/DC 컨버터 스테이션, DC 라인 전력 흐름 제어기를 포함하는 내용을 언급함으로써 지속적인 발전 가능성을 제시합니다. 이처럼 HVDC 그리드 시스템에 대한 명확한 지침과 매개변수 목록을 제시하는 이 표준은 전력 시스템 엔지니어링 분야에서의 실용성과 중요성을 크게 지니고 있습니다.
La norme CLC/TS 50654-2:2020 fournit des lignes directrices et des listes de paramètres pour les spécifications fonctionnelles des systèmes de réseau HVDC et des stations de conversion qui leur sont connectées. Son champ d'application est clairement défini, s'appliquant à des systèmes HVDC qui comptent plus de deux stations de conversion reliées à un circuit DC commun, tout en tenant compte des exigences spécifiques aux systèmes de réseau HVDC. L'une des forces majeures de cette norme réside dans son approche méthodique pour établir des exigences fonctionnelles, la rendant pertinente pour les gestionnaires d'infrastructures électriques et les ingénieurs souhaitant concevoir des systèmes de transport d’énergie. La norme aborde de manière exhaustive des aspects essentiels tels que la coordination entre les systèmes HVDC et AC, les caractéristiques des systèmes de réseau HVDC, le contrôle, la protection, ainsi que les stations de conversion AC/DC. L'intégration des références existantes de documents IEC et Cigré renforce également sa crédibilité, assurant que les utilisateurs disposent d'un cadre basé sur les meilleures pratiques et standards reconnus. Cette norme se distingue également par la prévoyance dont elle fait preuve en anticipant l'inclusion future de systèmes maillés HVDC, ce qui démontre sa pertinence pour les évolutions technologiques à venir. De plus, la société moderne et ses besoins énergétiques croissants font des systèmes HVDC une solution de plus en plus pertinente pour la transmission efficace de l'énergie sur de longues distances. Par conséquent, cette norme devient un outil incontournable pour le développement et l'implémentation de solutions HVDC adaptées et compétitives. Enfin, le plan proposé pour de futurs travaux, incluant les lignes de transmission et les stations de transition ainsi que des stations de conversion DC/DC, témoigne d'un engagement continu envers l'innovation et l'amélioration du domaine des systèmes de réseau HVDC. Ceci indique également une volonté d'évoluer avec les tendances du marché, rendant cette norme essentielle pour les acteurs ayant des intérêts à long terme dans le secteur de l'énergie.
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