EN 60068-2-41:1999
(Main)Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests
Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests
Applies to heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens and is a the test is to determine the ability of components, equipment and other articles to be stored and used under a simultaneous combination of high temperature and low air pressure.
Umweltprüfungen - Teil 2: Prüfungen - Prüfung Z/BM: Kombinierte Prüfung - Trockene Wärme/Niedriger Luftdruck
Essais d'environnement - Partie 2: Essais - Essai Z/BM: Essais combinés chaleur sèche/basse pression atmosphérique
Décrit les essais combinés chaleur sèche (avec variation lente de la température) et basse pression atmosphérique pour les spécimens dissipant de l'énergie d'une part et ceux ne dissipant pas d'énergie d'autre part. Le but de cet essai est de déterminer l'aptitude des composants, équipements ou autres articles à être stockés ou utilisés dans les conditions de température élevée et de basse pression atmosphérique, appliquées simultanément.
Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 16-Nov-1999
- Withdrawal Date
- 16-May-2000
- Technical Committee
- CLC/SR 104 - Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test
- Drafting Committee
- IEC/TC 104 - IEC_TC_104
- Parallel Committee
- IEC/TC 104 - IEC_TC_104
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
- Start Date
- 17-Nov-1999
- Completion Date
- 17-Nov-1999
Overview
EN 60068-2-41:1999 (IEC 60068-2-41) defines a standardized test method - Combined dry heat / low air pressure tests (Test Z/BM) - used to verify whether components, equipment and other articles can be stored and operated under simultaneous high temperature and reduced air pressure. The procedure applies to heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens and is intended for cases where combined environmental effects may not be revealed by single-environment tests.
Key topics and requirements
- Scope: Tests the ability of specimens to withstand simultaneous high temperature and low air pressure (down to about 10 mbar). Conditions below 10 mbar are outside this procedure.
- Specimen types: Separate handling for heat-dissipating (usually tested one at a time) and non-heat-dissipating specimens; guidance on mounting and operating state.
- Chamber capability: Test chamber must support temperatures and pressures specified for Dry Heat (Tests Bb/Bd) and Low Air Pressure (Test M). Care to avoid contamination when restoring pressure.
- Severities (examples): Preferred combinations include (temperature / air pressure / duration):
- 155 °C at 44 mbar - 2 h
- 85 °C at 150 mbar - 2 h
- 55 °C at 250–700 mbar - 2 h or 16 h (various combinations) (Exact values and tolerances are specified in the relevant specification.)
- Control limits: Rate of temperature change normally ≤ 1 °C/min (averaged over ≤ 5 min) unless rapid change is specified; pressure change rate ≤ 100 mbar/min.
- Procedure steps: Preconditioning (if required), initial inspection/measurements, conditioning (raise temperature to stability, then reduce pressure), intermediate measurements (for operational tests), recovery (restore pressure and reduce temperature), final measurements.
- Information to specify: preconditioning, mounting, specimen state, temperature/pressure/duration, functional checks, intermediate measurements, recovery loading, final checks.
Applications
- Environmental qualification for aerospace, avionics, satellites, and high-altitude systems
- Testing high-reliability electronics, sensors, and components for transportation and defense
- Product development and QA for devices expected to operate or be stored at altitude or in hot, low-pressure environments
Who uses this standard
- Environmental/test engineers and laboratory technicians performing climatic qualification
- OEMs, design engineers and reliability teams specifying environmental requirements
- Compliance managers and certification bodies evaluating suitability for high-altitude use
Related standards
- EN/IEC 60068-2-2 (Dry heat)
- EN/IEC 60068-2-13 and 68-3 series (background information on combined temperature/low air pressure)
- EN/IEC 60068-2-M (Low air pressure tests)
Keywords: EN 60068-2-41, IEC 60068-2-41, environmental testing, combined dry heat, low air pressure tests, heat-dissipating specimens, test chamber, high-altitude qualification.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 60068-2-41:1999 is a standard published by CLC. Its full title is "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests". This standard covers: Applies to heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens and is a the test is to determine the ability of components, equipment and other articles to be stored and used under a simultaneous combination of high temperature and low air pressure.
Applies to heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens and is a the test is to determine the ability of components, equipment and other articles to be stored and used under a simultaneous combination of high temperature and low air pressure.
EN 60068-2-41:1999 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 19.040 - Environmental testing. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
You can purchase EN 60068-2-41:1999 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CLC standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2001
Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air
pressure tests
Environmental testing -- Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure
tests
Umweltprüfungen -- Teil 2: Prüfungen - Prüfung Z/BM: Kombinierte Prüfung - Trockene
Wärme/Niedriger Luftdruck
Essais d'environnement -- Partie 2: Essais - Essai Z/BM: Essais combinés chaleur
sèche/basse pression atmosphérique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60068-2-41:1999
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60068-2-41
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1976-01
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Essais fondamentaux climatiques
et de robustesse mécanique –
Partie 2-41:
Essais – Essai Z/BM: Essais combinés chaleur
sèche/basse pression atmosphérique
Basic environmental testing procedures
Part 2-41:
Tests – Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air
pressure tests
CODE PRIX
K
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
PREFACE 5
Clause
1. Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Low air pressure
1.3 Temperature
7 1.4 Related documents
2. Object 9
General description 3.
4. Description of test apparatus
4.1 Test chamber
4.2 Mounting
5. Severities
5.1 General
5.2 Preferred combinations of temperature, air pressure and duration 9
6. Preconditioning
Initial measurements 7.
8. Conditioning
8.1 General
8.2 Procedure for heat-dissipating specimen without artificial cooling of the specimen and for non-heat-
dissipating specimen
8.3 Precautions when testing specimens with artificial cooling
Intermediate measurements 13
9.
10. Recovery
Final measurements 13
11.
12. Information to be given in the relevant specification
17-19
FIGURES
– 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
–––––––––
BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING PROCEDURES –
Part 2: Tests – Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests
FOREWORD
1) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on
which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as
possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should
adopt the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any
divergence between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible,
be clearly indicated in the latter.
PREFACE
This publication has been prepared by subcommittee 50B: Climatic tests, of IEC technical
committee 50: Environmental testing.
A first draft was discussed at the meeting held in Munich in 1973. As a result of this meeting,
a Secretariat draft was submitted to the National Committees under the Accelerated
Procedure and submitted for approval under the Six Months' Rule as Document 50B(Central
Office)180 in September 1974.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
The following countries voted explicitly in favour of publication:
Australia Norway
Austria Poland
Belgium Portugal
Canada South Africa (Republic of)
Czechoslovakia Spain
Denmark Sweden
France Switzerland
Germany Turkey
Hungary Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Netherlands United Kingdom
BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING PROCEDURES
Part 2: Tests — Test Z/BM:
Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests
1. Introduction
1.1 General
This publication deals with combined dry heat (with gradual change of temperature) and low air pressure tests
for both heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens.
The object of the test is to determine the ability of components or equipments or other articles to be stored and
used under a simultaneous combination of high temperature and low air pressure.
This combined test should normally be used only if the effects of combined environments will not be revealed
by subjecting the specimen to single environments. The procedures given in this publication are limited to the
case of specimens which achieve temperature stability during the test procedure.
In the case of testing heat-dissipating specimens, this procedure applies only to the testing of one specimen at
a time.
1.2 Low air pressure
The test procedure applies to air pressure down to about 10 mbar. At air pressures below 10 mbar, phenomena
not taken into account in the design of this test procedure become important.
The relationship between altitude, pressure and temperature has not been indicated in this publication. Such
data should be obtained from special publications.
1.3 Temperature
1.3.1 The guidance given in the introduction to I E C Publication 68-2-2, Tests B: Dry heat, for the application
of tests for non-heat-dissipating specimens versus tests for heat-dissipating specimens shall apply.
Note. — Non-heat-dissipating specimens are defined as in Clause 4 of Publication 68-1. The measurements of hottest spot temperature
must not be made at reduced pressure.
1.3.2 Heat-dissipating specimens should preferably be tested with no forced air circulation as for Tests B: Dry heat.
1.4 Related documents
Publication 68: — Basic Environmental Testing Procedures.
Publication 68-1: Part L General.
Publication 68-2-2: Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry Heat.
Tests. Test M: Low Air Pressure.
Publication 68-2-13: Part 2:
Part 3: Background Information. Section One: Cold and Dry Heat Tests.
Publication 68-3-1:
Part 3: Background Information. Section Two: Combined Temperature/Low Air Pressure
Publication 68-3 -2:
Tests.
— 9 —
2. Object
To provide a standard test procedure to determine the suitability of components, equipments or other articles
for use and/or storage under a combination of high temperature and low air pressure.
3. General description
Dry heat, and Test M: Low air pressure.
This test is a combination of Tests Bb or Bd:
The specimen is first subjected to the appropriate severity of dry heat as specified in the relevant specification.
In the case of operational tests, a check is then made to ensure that the specimen is capable of operation.
With the temperature maintained at the prescribed value, the chamber air pressure is then reduced to the appro-
priate severity as specified in the relevant specification. These conditions are maintained for the specified duration.
Test profiles illustrating the procedure are shown in Figures la, page 17, and lb, page 19.
4. Description of test apparatus
4.1 Test chamber
The chamber shall be capable of maintaining the conditions specified for Test Bb (for non-heat-dissipating
specimen) or Test Bd (for heat-dissipating specimen) and for Test M. The requirement for the chamber wall temp-
erature does not apply during periods of temperature or pressure change.
Care shall be taken to avoid air contamination by ancillary equipment and devices and by the air introduced
when pressure is restored to normal.
4.2 Mounting
For the testing of a heat-dissipating specimen, the mounting of the test specimen shall comply with the require-
ments of Test Bd.
5. Severities
5.1 General
The severities, as indicated by temperature, air pressure and duration of exposure, shall be specified in the
relevant specification.
The temperature and low air pressure values, tolerances and durations shall comply with those given 'in Tests Bb
or Bd and M. The wider tolerances on temperature (+3 °C up to 100 °C and +5 °C up to 200 °C) can be accepted
for the combined dry heat/low air pressure test regardless of the size of the chamber.
The duration of exposure shall be measured from the time when temperature stability of the specimen has been
reached under conditions of low air pressure (see Figures la, page 17, and lb, page 1
...
SIST EN 60068-2-41:2001 표준은 환경 시험의 중요한 한 부분을 다루며, 고온 및 저기압의 조합 환경에서 구성 요소, 장비 및 기타 물품의 내구성을 평가하기 위한 매우 유용한 테스트입니다. 이 표준은 열 방출이 있는 것과 없는 물체 모두에 적용되며, 한정된 환경에서의 작동 및 저장 능력을 확인하는 데 중점을 두고 있습니다. 이 표준의 주요 강점은 다양한 환경 조건에서 제품이 견딜 수 있는 수준을 측정함으로써, 제조업체가 제품의 품질과 신뢰성을 확보하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다는 점입니다. 특히, 고온 및 저기압 상태에서 제품이 어떻게 반응하는지를 평가함으로써, 실제 작동 환경에서의 성능을 미리 예측할 수 있어, 후속 설계와 생산 과정에서 품질 개선이 가능합니다. 또한, SIST EN 60068-2-41:2001 표준은 다양한 산업 분야에 적합하게 적용될 수 있으며, 전자 기기와 같은 열 방출이 필요한 제품부터, 의료 장비와 같은 비열 방출 품목까지 폭넓게 포함되어 있습니다. 이는 현대 산업에서 중요시되는 제품의 내구성과 신뢰성을 보장하는 데 기여하며, 사용자에게 더욱 안정적인 성능을 제공하는 데 필수적입니다. 이처럼 이번 표준은 고온과 저기압의 복합 환경에서의 테스트를 통해 제품의 생애 주기 동안 안정적인 작동을 보장할 수 있는 훌륭한 기준을 제공하므로, 환경 시험에 대한 신뢰성과 유용성을 극대화합니다.
La norme EN 60068-2-41:1999, documentée sous le nom SIST EN 60068-2-41:2001, s'inscrit dans un cadre essentiel d'essais environnementaux en définissant des méthodes rigoureuses pour tester la résilience des composants, équipements et autres articles face à des conditions extrêmes. Le champ d'application de cette norme est particulièrement pertinent dans les secteurs où les dispositifs doivent fonctionner de manière fiable sous des combinaisons de température élevée et de basse pression atmosphérique. Les forces de cette norme résident dans sa capacité à évaluer non seulement les dispositifs dissipant de la chaleur, mais également ceux qui ne le font pas, garantissant ainsi une approche globale dans l'analyse des comportements des matériaux et des constructions en situations réelles. Grâce à ses spécifications détaillées, EN 60068-2-41 permet aux fabricants de mieux comprendre comment leurs produits se comporteront dans divers environnements, ce qui est crucial pour assurer la durabilité et la performance à long terme. La pertinence de cette norme s'étend au-delà des simples tests de qualité ; elle est également essentielle pour la conformité réglementaire dans de nombreux secteurs industriels. En intégrant les tests de chaleur élevée et de basse pression atmosphérique, cette norme assure que les produits respectent les standards de sécurité et de fiabilité exigés par le marché. En résumé, la norme EN 60068-2-41:1999 est une référence précieuse pour toute entreprise cherchant à garantir la qualité et la robustesse de ses produits face à des défis environnementaux critiques. Sa portée, ses forces analytiques et sa pertinence dans l'assurance qualité en font un outil indispensable pour les ingénieurs et les responsables qualité.
The standard EN 60068-2-41:1999, titled "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests," offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating the resilience of heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens under simultaneous conditions of high temperature and low air pressure. This scope is critical for a wide range of applications where components, equipment, and other articles must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions. One of the strengths of this standard is its systematic approach to testing, which provides clear guidelines on the methodology to conduct combined dry heat and low air pressure tests. This enhances reproducibility and reliability in testing outcomes, ensuring that manufacturers can confidently assess product performance and longevity. Furthermore, it spans various industries, making it relevant for sectors that require stringent environmental testing to ensure safety and functionality. The inclusion of both heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens broadens the applicability of the standard, addressing the needs of diverse products that may be exposed to extreme environmental conditions. This versatility is particularly valuable for industries like electronics, automotive, and aerospace, where environmental influences significantly impact performance. Moreover, the standard enhances quality assurance processes by allowing manufacturers to predict potential failures and address them proactively. By adhering to EN 60068-2-41:1999, organizations can improve their product designs and operational reliability, which is essential for maintaining competitiveness in the market. In summary, the EN 60068-2-41:1999 standard is a pivotal resource that underscores the importance of environmental testing under combined conditions of high temperature and low air pressure. Its robust framework and comprehensive scope make it an indispensable tool for manufacturers seeking to ensure the durability and reliability of their products in challenging environmental scenarios.
Die Norm EN 60068-2-41:1999, die unter dem Titel "Umwelttests - Teil 2: Prüfungen - Prüfverfahren Z/BM: Kombinierte Prüfungen bei trockener Hitze und niedrigem Luftdruck" veröffentlicht wurde, befasst sich umfassend mit der Prüfung von Bauteilen, Geräten und anderen Artikeln, die unter gleichzeitig vorkommenden Bedingungen hoher Temperatur und niedrigem Luftdruck gelagert und betrieben werden. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm ist besonders relevant für Unternehmen, die Produkte entwickeln, welche in extremen Umgebungen eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise in der Luftfahrt oder in der Raumfahrttechnik. Eine der größten Stärken der Norm liegt in ihrer Fähigkeit, sowohl wärmeabführende als auch nicht wärmeabführende Proben zu testen, was eine breite Palette an Anwendungen abdeckt. Dies ermöglicht es Herstellern, die Zuverlässigkeit und Langlebigkeit ihrer Produkte zu bewerten, bevor sie in den Markt eingeführt werden. Die Norm bietet auch klare Richtlinien, die eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise garantieren, sodass die Testergebnisse vergleichbar und nachvollziehbar sind. Darüber hinaus ist EN 60068-2-41 von großer Bedeutung für die Einhaltung internationaler Standards, da sie eine wichtige Grundlage für die Qualitätskontrolle und -sicherung in verschiedenen Industrien darstellt. Die Anforderungen an die Durchführung der Tests und die Auswertung der Ergebnisse fördern eine rigorose Testmethodik, die für die Produktsicherheit unerlässlich ist. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Norm EN 60068-2-41:1999 entscheidend für die Gewährleistung der Performance und Sicherheit von Produkten ist, die unter Bedingungen hoher Temperatur und niedrigem Luftdruck eingesetzt werden. Durch die Fokussierung auf kombinierte Testbedingungen bietet sie wertvolle Erkenntnisse, die für moderne Entwicklungsprozesse und die Qualitätssicherung unerlässlich sind.
EN 60068-2-41:1999は、環境試験に関する重要な標準であり、特に高温および低気圧の同時作用下での試験に焦点を当てています。この標準は、熱を放散する部品や非熱放散部品の両方に適用され、コンポーネントや機器、その他の製品が、厳しい環境条件に耐える能力を評価するための基準を提供します。 この標準の強みは、実際の使用状況に近い条件での試験が可能である点です。高温および低気圧の環境でのテストを実施することで、製品の耐久性や信頼性を厳密に評価することができます。これにより、製造業者やエンジニアは、製品の設計や材料選定において、環境耐性に関するデータを得ることができます。 さらに、EN 60068-2-41は多様な産業における応用が期待されるため、その関連性が高いと言えます。特に、航空宇宙や電子機器など、高温および低気圧環境で動作することが要求される製品には不可欠な標準となります。このように、環境試験の基準としての役割を果たすことで、製品の信頼性向上や市場競争力の向上に寄与します。 総じて、EN 60068-2-41:1999は、多様な製品に対する環境試験のための標準を提供し、その実用性と関連性において優れた評価を受けるべきドキュメントです。
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