EN IEC 61482-1-1:2019
(Main)Live working - Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc - Part 1-1: Test methods - Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT) of clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
Live working - Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc - Part 1-1: Test methods - Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT) of clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
IEC 61482-1-1:2019 specifies test method procedures to determine the arc rating of flame resistant clothing materials and garments or assemblies of garments intended for use in clothing for workers if there is an electric arc hazard. An open arc under controlled laboratory conditions is used to determine the values of ELIM, ATPV or EBT of materials, garments or assemblies of garments. NOTE 1 The user can, if he desires, classify the arc protective performance into arc rating protection levels based on ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT values which correspond best to the different hazard and risks levels that can result from the user’s risk analysis. NOTE 2 This document is not dedicated to classifying the arc protective performance of the material and clothing into arc protection classes. Procedures determining these arc protection classes APC1 and APC2 are specified in IEC 61482 1-2, which uses a constrained arc for testing. NOTE 3 This test method is not intended and not appropriate to evaluate whether materials or garments are flame resistant or not, as this is covered in IEC 61482-2. Other effects than the thermal effects of an electric arc like noise, light emissions, pressure rise, hot oil, electric shock, the consequences of physical and mental shock or toxic influences are not covered by this document. Protective clothing for work intentionally using an electric arc, e.g. arc welding, plasma torch, is not covered by this document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - addition of the Incident energy limit (ELIM) as a further arc rating performance property value; - replacement of char length requirement in the scope by indication that Procedure A is applicable for testing of materials meeting the limited flame spread requirements of IEC 61482-2; - clarification of the definition and the meaning of the Stoll curve; - modification of specification of positioning of monitor sensors with respect to the electric arc as function of intended high incident energy exposure of test specimens; - modification of specifications of monitor sensor construction; - specification of black paint; - elimination of calorimeters from the chest of the mannequin; - specification for possible positioning of mannequin(s) at a height different from the centre of the electric arc and possible turning in order to adequately expose all parts of the garment or clothing which would affect performance; - more explicit description of requirements for data acquisition system; - preconditioning of the samples; - modification of requirements for apparatus and arc exposure verification by bare shots; - more explicit description of test procedures A and B, in particular the subclauses dealing with “sequence of test”, “test parameter” and “test criteria”; - addition of determination of arc rating values of garments and/or garmet assemblies. Key words: Protective Clothing, Thermal Hazards, Open Arc, Arc Rating
Arbeiten unter Spannung - Schutzkleidung gegen thermische Gefahren eines Lichtbogens - Teil 1-1: Prüfverfahren - Verfahren 1: Bestimmung der Lichtbogen-Kennwerte (ELIM, ATPV und/oder EBT) von Bekleidungsstoffen und Schutzkleidung mithilfe eines offenen Lichtbogens
Travaux sous tension - Vêtements de protection contre les dangers thermiques d’un arc électrique - Partie 1-1: Méthodes d’essai - Méthode 1: Détermination de la valeur assignée d’arc (ELIM, ATPV et/ou EBT) des matériaux pour vêtements et des vêtements de protection utilisant un arc ouvert
IEC 61482-1-1: 2019 définit des procédures d’essai permettant de déterminer la valeur assignée d’arc des matériaux pour vêtements et des articles d’habillement ou assemblages d’articles d’habillement résistant à la flamme, destinés à être utilisés dans les vêtements pour travailleurs en cas de danger d’arc électrique. Un arc ouvert dans des conditions de laboratoire contrôlées permet de déterminer les valeurs de l’ELIM, de l’ATPV ou de l’EBT des matériaux, articles d’habillement ou assemblages d’articles d’habillement. NOTE 1 L’utilisateur peut, s’il le souhaite, classer les performances de protection d’arc en niveaux de protection des valeurs assignées d’arc sur la base des valeurs ELIM, ATPV et/ou EBT qui correspondent le mieux aux différents niveaux de danger et de risque, que l’analyse du risque par l'utilisateur peut produire. NOTE 2 Le présent document n’a pas pour objet la répartition des performances de protection d’arc des matériaux et des vêtements en classes de protection d’arc. L’IEC 61482 1-2, qui utilise un arc contraint pour les essais, spécifie des procédures de détermination de ces classes de protection d’arc APC1 et APC2. NOTE 3 Cette méthode d’essai n’est ni destinée ni appropriée à l'évaluation du caractère de résistance à la flamme ou non des matériaux ou des articles d’habillement puisque cela est couvert par l’IEC 61482-2. Le présent document ne couvre pas les effets autres que thermiques d’un arc électrique, comme le bruit, les émissions lumineuses, l’augmentation de la pression, l’huile chaude, le choc électrique, les conséquences d’un choc physique ou mental ou des effets toxiques. Le présent document ne couvre pas les vêtements de protection utilisés pour réaliser des travaux utilisant intentionnellement un arc électrique, par exemple un soudage à l’arc, une torche à plasma. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2009. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: - ajout de la limite d’énergie incidente (ELIM – Energy Limit) comme valeur de propriété supplémentaire relative à l’application de la valeur assignée d’arc; - remplacement dans le domaine d’application de l’exigence concernant la longueur de carbonisation par une indication de l’applicabilité de la procédure A pour l'essai des matériaux satisfaisant aux exigences concernant la propagation limitée de flamme spécifiées dans l’IEC 61482-2; - clarification de la définition et de la signification de la courbe de Stoll; - modification de la spécification de placement des capteurs de surveillance par rapport à l’arc électrique en fonction de l’exposition des éprouvettes d'essai à une énergie incidente élevée; - modification des spécifications de constitution des capteurs de surveillance; - spécification de la peinture noire; - suppression des calorimètres de la poitrine du mannequin; - spécification du placement possible du ou des mannequins à une hauteur différente par rapport au centre de l’arc électrique et de la rotation possible permettant une exposition appropriée de toutes les parties de l’article d’habillement ou du vêtement qui altèrent les performances; - description plus explicite des exigences concernant le système d'acquisition de données; - préconditionnement des échantillons; - modification des exigences concernant la vérification de l’appareil et de l’exposition à l’arc par des tirs à blanc; - descr
Delo pod napetostjo - Oblačila za zaščito pred temperaturno nevarnostjo električnega obloka - 1-1. del: Preskusne metode - 1. metoda: Določanje zaščitnega razreda pri obloku (ELIM, ATPV in/ali EBT) materialov za oblačila in zaščitnih oblačil z uporabo odprtega obloka
Ta dokument določa postopke preskusnih metod za določitev zaščitnega razreda pri obloku materialov za oblačila, odporna proti plamenu, in oblačila ali sklope oblačil, namenjenih za delavce, če obstaja nevarnost električnega obloka. Odprti oblok v nadzorovanih laboratorijskih pogojih se uporablja za določanje vrednosti ELIM, ATPV ali EBT materialov, oblačil ali sklopov oblačil. Drugi učinki razen toplotnih učinkov električnega obloka, kot so hrup, emisije svetlobe, dvig tlaka, vroče olje, električni udar, posledice telesnega in duševnega šoka ali strupenih vplivov, niso zajeti v tem dokumentu. Zaščitna oblačila za opravljanje dela z načrtovano uporabo električnega obloka, npr. obločno varjenje in plazemski gorilniki, niso zajeta v tem standardu.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 61482-1-1:2009
Delo pod napetostjo - Oblačila za zaščito pred temperaturno nevarnostjo
električnega obloka - 1-1. del: Preskusne metode - 1. metoda: Določanje
zaščitnega razreda pri obloku (ELIM, ATPV in/ali EBT) materialov za oblačila in
zaščitnih oblačil z uporabo odprtega obloka
Live working - Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc - Part 1-
1: Test methods - Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT) of
clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61482-1-1:2019
ICS:
13.260 Varstvo pred električnim Protection against electric
udarom. Delo pod napetostjo shock. Live working
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61482-1-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2019
ICS 13.220.40; 29.260 Supersedes EN 61482-1-1:2009 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Live working - Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of
an electric arc - Part 1-1: Test methods - Method 1:
Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT) of
clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
(IEC 61482-1-1:2019)
Travaux sous tension - Vêtements de protection contre les Arbeiten unter Spannung - Schutzkleidung gegen
dangers thermiques d'un arc électrique - Partie 1-1: thermische Gefahren eines Lichtbogens - Teil 1-1:
Méthodes d'essai - Méthode 1: Détermination de la valeur Prüfverfahren - Verfahren 1: Bestimmung der Lichtbogen-
assignée d'arc (ELIM, ATPV et/ou EBT) des matériaux pour Kennwerte (ELIM, ATPV und/oder EBT) von
vêtements et des vêtements de protection utilisant un arc Bekleidungsstoffen und Schutzkleidung mithilfe eines
ouvert offenen Lichtbogens
(IEC 61482-1-1:2019) (IEC 61482-1-1:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-08-07. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61482-1-1:2019 E
European foreword
The text of document 78/1256/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61482-1-1, prepared by IEC/TC 78 "Live
working" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2020-05-07
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2022-08-07
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61482-1-1:2009 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61482-1-1:2019 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60060-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60060-1
IEC 61482-1-2:2014 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61482-1-2:2014 (not modified)
ISO 3175-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 3175-2
ISO 6330 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 6330
ISO 9151 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9151
ISO 13688 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 13688
ISO 15797 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 15797
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60584-1 - Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF EN 60584-1 -
specifications and tolerances
IEC 61482-2 2018 Live working – Protective clothing against - -
the thermal hazards of an electric arc –
Part 2: Requirements
ISO/IEC 17025 2017 General requirements for the competence EN ISO/IEC 17025 2017
of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/TR 11610 - Protective clothing - Vocabulary CEN ISO/TR 11610 -
ISO 11612 2015 Protective clothing – Clothing to protect EN ISO 11612 2015
against heat and flame – Minimum
performance requirements
IEC 61482-1-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2019-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Live working – Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc –
Part 1-1: Test methods – Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV
and/or EBT) of clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
Travaux sous tension – Vêtements de protection contre les dangers thermiques
d’un arc électrique –
Partie 1-1: Méthodes d’essai – Méthode 1: Détermination de la valeur assignée
d’arc (ELIM, ATPV et/ou EBT) des matériaux pour vêtements et des vêtements de
protection utilisant un arc ouvert
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.260.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-6921-3
– 2 – IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols and units. 13
4 Principle of test procedures A and B . 13
4.1 Procedure A – Material open arc test procedure . 13
4.2 Procedure B – Garment open arc test procedure. 14
5 Significance and use of the test procedures A and B . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Procedure A – Material open arc test procedure . 15
5.3 Procedure B – Garment open arc test procedure. 15
6 Test apparatus . 15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Calorimetric sensors . 15
6.2.1 Calorimeter construction . 15
6.2.2 Panel sensor construction. 17
6.2.3 Monitor sensor construction and positioning . 19
6.3 Panel construction . 20
6.4 Mannequin construction . 22
6.5 Arrangement of panels and monitor sensors for testing according to
Procedure A . 23
6.6 Arrangement of mannequin(s) and monitor sensors for testing according to
Procedure B . 24
6.7 Supply bus and electrodes . 28
6.7.1 General . 28
6.7.2 Structural cage arrangement . 28
6.7.3 Electrodes . 30
6.7.4 Fuse wire . 30
6.8 Electric supply . 30
6.9 Test-circuit control . 31
6.10 Data acquisition and data processing system . 31
6.10.1 General . 31
6.10.2 Data acquisition . 31
6.10.3 Signal synchronization . 32
7 Operator safety . 32
8 Specimen preparation . 33
8.1 Description of the test specimens . 33
8.1.1 Test specimens for Procedure A . 33
8.1.2 Test specimens for Procedure B . 33
8.2 Pre-treatment of test specimens by cleaning . 34
8.3 Pre-conditioning of the test specimens . 34
9 Calibration and verification . 34
9.1 Data acquisition system pre-calibration . 34
9.2 Verification of calorimeters . 34
IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019 – 3 –
9.3 Arc exposure and apparatus verification for the two-sensor panels and the
monitoring sensors. 35
9.3.1 Set-up of electrodes and fuse wire . 35
9.3.2 Positioning of the two-sensor panels, mannequins and monitor sensors . 35
9.3.3 Verification bare shot . 35
9.3.4 Verification bare shot test protocol . 36
10 Test apparatus care and maintenance . 36
10.1 Surface reconditioning . 36
10.2 Care of panels, mannequins and sensors . 37
10.3 Care of electrodes . 37
11 Test procedures . 37
11.1 Procedure A – testing with panels . 37
11.1.1 Test parameter and settings . 37
11.1.2 Sequence of tests with test specimens of material or material assembly . 37
11.1.3 Criteria for set of data obtained from iterative process of test shots . 38
11.2 Procedure B – testing with mannequins . 39
11.2.1 Test parameters and settings . 39
11.2.2 Single test or sequence of tests with test specimen(s) of garment or
garment assembly . 39
11.3 Air ventilation and initial temperature of sensors . 40
11.4 Specimen mounting . 40
11.4.1 Procedure A – testing with panels . 40
11.4.2 Procedure B – testing with mannequins . 40
11.5 Specimen description . 42
11.6 Test protocol . 42
12 Test results . 43
12.1 Heat calculation . 43
12.1.1 General . 43
12.1.2 Copper heat capacity . 43
12.1.3 Incident and transmitted energy . 43
12.1.4 Panel sensor response (transmitted energy (E ) comparison with Stoll
t
curve) . 44
12.1.5 Monitor sensor responses (incident energy (E )) . 45
i
12.2 Determination of arc thermal performance value (ATPV) . 46
12.3 Determination of breakopen threshold energy (EBT) . 46
12.4 Determination of the incident energy limit (ELIM) . 47
12.5 Visual inspection . 47
12.6 Arc rating . 49
12.6.1 Arc rating of a material or material assembly . 49
12.6.2 Arc rating of a garment or garment assembly . 49
13 Test report . 50
13.1 Reporting requirements common for tests according to Procedures A and B . 50
13.2 Reporting requirements specific for tests according to Procedure A . 51
13.3 Reporting requirements specific for tests according to Procedure B . 52
Annex A (informative) Logistic regression technique . 54
Annex B (informative) 95 % confidence intervals of ATPV and EBT . 56
Annex C (informative) Iterative process of test shots of Procedure A . 60
Annex D (informative) Example materials for insulating and mounting boards . 61
– 4 – IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019
D.1 General . 61
D.2 Materials for use as thermally insulating mounting board (6.2) . 61
D.3 Materials for use as mounting board, but not sufficiently thermally insulating
for use as insulating board (6.3) . 62
Annex E (informative) Recommended provisions for use of the test method for
accident replication and for research . 63
Bibliography . 64
Figure 1 – Example of calorimeter construction . 17
Figure 2 – Example of the panel sensor construction . 18
Figure 3 – Example of monitor sensor construction, with optional cover plate . 19
Figure 4 – Panel . 21
Figure 5 – Example of material clamping assembly of a panel . 22
Figure 6 – Arrangement of three two-sensor panels with monitoring sensors (top view)
for testing according to Procedure A . 24
Figure 7 – Relative positioning of arc electrodes and of mannequin(s) and monitor
sensors for testing according to Procedure B . 25
Figure 8 – Examples of mannequin configuration . 27
Figure 9 – Example of cage arrangement (supply bus, bus tubes and arc electrodes)
shown together with three panels for testing according to Procedure A (monitor
sensors are not shown) . 29
Figure 10 – Relative positioning of cage arrangement (supply bus, bus tubes and arc
electrodes) and of one torso mannequin and its monitor sensors for testing according
to Procedure B . 30
Figure 11 – Typical average transmitted energy curves Q (i.e. average response
t,avg
of the two sensors of same panel) for test specimens . 45
Figure B.1 – Probability density function (PDF) . 56
Figure B.2 – Cumulative density (CDF) . 57
Figure B.3 – Graph with probability, lower and upper limits . 59
Table 1 – Positioning of monitor sensors depending on incident energy exposure . 20
Table 2 – Reporting requirements and rating of visual inspection performance in case
of testing clothing material(s) according to Procedure A and garment(s) or an
assembly of garments according to Procedure B . 47
Table 3 – Visual assessment criteria in case of testing garment(s) or a garment
assembly according to Procedure B . 50
Table B.1 – Example of incident energy X and binary response Y (fulfillment of Stoll
criteria) for 21 test shots . 58
IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LIVE WORKING –
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST
THE THERMAL HAZARDS OF AN ELECTRIC ARC –
Part 1-1: Test methods –
Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT)
of clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61482-1-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 78: Live
working.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
– addition of the Incident energy limit (ELIM) as a further arc rating performance property
value;
– replacement of char length requirement in the scope by indication that Procedure A is
applicable for testing of materials meeting the limited flame spread requirements of
IEC 61482-2;
– 6 – IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019
– clarification of the definition and the meaning of the Stoll curve;
– modification of specification of positioning of monitor sensors with respect to the electric arc
as function of intended high incident energy exposure of test specimens;
– modification of specifications of monitor sensor construction;
– specification of black paint;
– elimination of calorimeters from the chest of the mannequin;
– specification for possible positioning of mannequin(s) at a height different from the centre
of the electric arc and possible turning in order to adequately expose all parts of the garment
or clothing which would affect performance;
– more explicit description of requirements for data acquisition system;
– preconditioning of the samples;
– modification of requirements for apparatus and arc exposure verification by bare shots;
– more explicit description of test procedures A and B, in particular the subclauses dealing
with “sequence of test”, “test parameter” and “test criteria”;
– addition of determination of arc rating values of garments and/or garment assemblies.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
78/1256/FDIS 78/1262/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
In this standard terms defined in Clause 3 appear in italics.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61482 series, published under the general title Live working –
Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric arc, can be found on the IEC
website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019 – 7 –
LIVE WORKING –
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST
THE THERMAL HAZARDS OF AN ELECTRIC ARC –
Part 1-1: Test methods –
Method 1: Determination of the arc rating (ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT)
of clothing materials and of protective clothing using an open arc
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61482 specifies test method procedures to determine the arc rating of flame
resistant clothing materials and garments or assemblies of garments intended for use in clothing
for workers if there is an electric arc hazard.
An open arc under controlled laboratory conditions is used to determine the values of ELIM,
ATPV or EBT of materials, garments or assemblies of garments.
NOTE 1 The user can, if he desires, classify the arc protective performance into arc rating protection levels based
on ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT values which correspond best to the different hazard and risks levels that can result from
the user’s risk analysis.
NOTE 2 This document is not dedicated to classifying the arc protective performance of the material and clothing
into arc protection classes. Procedures determining these arc protection classes APC1 and APC2 are specified in
IEC 61482-1-2, which uses a constrained arc for testing.
NOTE 3 This test method is not intended and not appropriate to evaluate whether materials or garments are flame
resistant or not, as this is covered in IEC 61482-2.
Other effects than the thermal effects of an electric arc like noise, light emissions, pressure
rise, hot oil, electric shock, the consequences of physical and mental shock or toxic influences
are not covered by this document.
Protective clothing for work intentionally using an electric arc, e.g. arc welding, plasma torch,
is not covered by this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
IEC 61482-2:2018, Live working – Protective clothing against the thermal hazards of an electric
arc – Part 2: Requirements
ISO/IEC 17025:2017, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories
ISO/TR 11610, Protective clothing – Vocabulary
ISO 11612:2015, Protective clothing – Clothing to protect against heat and flame – Minimum
performance requirements
– 8 – IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 11610 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
ablation
material response evidenced by formation of one or more openings in one
or several outer layers, but not in all layers of a material assembly specimen
Note 1 to entry: for the use of this document the opening is defined as follows:
a) with an opening in the layer of at least 1 600 mm in area or at least 80 mm in any planar direction,
b) with one or several individual threads across an opening not reducing the size of the opening.
3.1.2
arc duration
time duration of the arc
Note 1 to entry: Arc duration is expressed in milliseconds (ms).
3.1.3
arc energy
W
arc
electrical energy supplied to the arc and converted in the arc
Note 1 to entry: Arc energy is calculated as the sum of the instantaneous arc voltage values multiplied by the
instantaneous arc current values multiplied by the incremental time values during the arc duration.
Note 2 to entry: Arc energy is expressed in kilojoules (kJ).
3.1.4
arc gap
distance between the arc electrodes
Note 1 to entry: Arc gap is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.1.5
arc rating
numerical value attributed to a product, that describes its protective
performance when tested in accordance with the open arc test
Note 1 to entry: The arc rating can be the arc thermal performance value (ATPV), the breakopen threshold energy
(EBT) or the incident energy limit (ELIM).
2 2
Note 2 to entry: The arc rating values are expressed in kJ/m (cal/cm ).
3.1.6
arc thermal performance value
ATPV
numerical value of incident energy attributed to a product that describes
its thermal properties of attenuating (reducing) a heat flux generated by an electric arc
IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019 – 9 –
Note 1 to entry: The ATPV of a material or material assembly is calculated using logistic regression analysis applied
to the data points obtained from testing a set of test specimens. It is the value of incident energy at which the heat
transfer through the test specimens is enough to reach the Stoll criteria with 50 % probability.
Note 2 to entry: The ATPV attributed to a garment or garment assembly is either equal to or lower than the ATPV of
the material or material assembly of which it is made, depending on whether the tested specimen(s) fulfil also
additional visual design and performance assessment criteria.
3.1.7
arc voltage
voltage across the arc
Note 1 to entry: Arc voltage is expressed in volts (V).
3.1.8
bare shot
electric arc event during which panels or mannequins are bare, i.e. they
are not covered by test specimens
3.1.9
breakopen
material response evidenced by the formation of an opening in the
material specimen
Note 1 to entry: For the use of this document the opening is defined as follows:
a) with a size of at least 300 mm in area or at least 25 mm in any planar direction,
b) with one or several individual threads across an opening not reducing the size of the opening.
Note 2 to entry: A material assembly specimen is considered to exhibit breakopen when all layers show formation
of one or more openings.
Note 3 to entry: Shrink-open is considered as a particular form of breakopen.
3.1.10
breakopen threshold energy
EBT
numerical value of incident energy attributed to product (material or
clothing) that describes its breakopen properties when exposed to heat energy generated by
an electric arc
Note 1 to entry: The EBT of a material or material assembly is calculated using logistic regression analysis applied
to the data points obtained from testing a set of test specimens. It is the value of incident energy at which breakopen
occurs with 50 % probability.
Note 2 to entry: The EBT attributed to a garment or garment assembly is either equal to or lower than the EBT of
the material or material assembly of which it is made, depending on whether the tested specimen(s) fulfil also
additional visual design and performance assessment criteria.
3.1.11
burning time
afterflame time
time for which a flaming of the test specimen is visible after the end of the electric arc duration
Note 1 to entry: Burning time is expressed in seconds (s).
3.1.12
calorimeter
assembly of a copper disc with attached thermocouple, used for measuring the heat energy and
incident energy
– 10 – IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019
3.1.13
calorimetric sensor
sensor
assembly of a calorimeter and a non-conductive heat resistant material, in which the calorimeter
is mounted
Note 1 to entry: The term sensor is used in this document to mean calorimetric sensor.
3.1.14
charring
material response evidenced by formation of carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or
incomplete combustion
3.1.15
dripping
material response evidenced by formation of polymer droplets that fall from the material or
garment
3.1.16
electric arc
self-maintained gas conduction for which most of the charge carriers are electrons supplied by
primary-electron emission
Note 1 to entry: During live working, the electric arc is generated by gas ionization arising from an unintentional
electrical conducting connection or breakdown between live parts or a live part and the earth path of an electrical
installation or an electrical device. During testing, the electric arc is initiated by the blowing of a fuse wire.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:1998, 121-13-12, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added to refer
specifically to live working and arc testing.]
3.1.17
embrittlement
formation of a brittle residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion
3.1.18
flame resistant
property evidenced by clothing materials which meet the limited flame
spread requirements of IEC 61482-2
3.1.19
garment
single item of clothing which may consist of single or multiple layers of materials
3.1.20
garment assembly
assembly of garments
clothing consisting of two or more garments worn together, which may individually cover
different parts of the wearer’s body and/or which may be worn fully or partially on top of each
other
Note 1 to entry: For example, garment assembly can be a combination of jacket and trousers, combination of shirt,
trousers and jacket or overcoat which have been designed in such a way as to fit together.
3.1.21
heat flux
q
thermal intensity transmitted by an electric arc indicated by the amount of
heat energy transfer per unit surface area and time
IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019 – 11 –
3.1.22
ignition
initiation of flaming and combustion
3.1.23
incident energy
E
i
heat energy Q resulting from an electric arc, received at a unit surface
area at a specified distance from the electric arc
3.1.24
incident energy limit
ELIM
numerical value of incident energy attributed to a product (material or
clothing), below which value all product responses are below the Stoll curve and without
breakopen
Note 1 to entry: The ELIM of a material or material assembly is calculated from data points obtained from testing a
set of test specimens, which are also used for the determination of the ATPV and/or EBT.
Note 2 to entry: The ELIM attributed to a garment or garment assembly is either equal to or lower than the ELIM of
the material or material assembly of which it is made, depending on whether the tested specimen(s) fulfil also
additional visual design and performance assessment criteria.
3.1.25
material
substances, excluding hardware, of which an item of clothing is made
3.1.26
material assembly
assembly of materials, which is representative for the build-up of layers of a garment or garment
assembly
Note 1 to entry: The arc rating of a material assembly of which an assembly of garments worn on top of each other
is made, cannot be determined from the arc rating of each material, of which the individual garments are made but
can only be determined by testing of material assembly specimens representative for the garment assembly.
3.1.27
material response
reaction of the material to an electric arc characterised by ignition, burning time (afterflame
time), breakopen, melting, dripping, shrinkage, etc.
3.1.28
melting
material response evidenced by softening and deformation
Note 1 to entry: Materials which melt are normally polymers.
3.1.29
mix zone
range of measured incident energies (the independent variable X), in
which a binary response (i.e. either the value “0” or “1”) (the dependent variable Y) is attributed
to a studied parameter of the measured material response or to a combination of several studied
parameters
Note 1 to entry: A mix zone of a data point distribution is established when the highest incident energy with binary
response “0” is greater than the lowest incident energy with binary response “1”. The mix zone of a data point
distribution is empty when the highest incident energy with a binary response “0” is lower than the lowest incident
energy with a binary response “1”.
Note 2 to entry: For the material response parameters studied for the determination of the ATPV, see 11.1.3.1
and 12.2.
– 12 – IEC 61482-1-1:2019 © IEC 2019
Note 3 to entry: For the material response parameters studied for the determination of the EBT, see 11.1.3.2
and 12.3.
Note 4 to entry: For the material response parameters studied for the determination of the ELIM, see 11.1.3.3
and 12.4.
3.1.30
monitor sensor
calorimetric sensor mounted on each side of the panel or mannequin, not
covered by a test specimen and used to measure incident energy at a specified distance from
the electric arc
3.1.31
open arc
electric arc between two vertically opposing electrodes intended to
provide an equal distribution of emitted energy around the centreline formed by the electrodes
and where the emitted energy is not directed by means of any physical constraints (e.g.
enclosure, wall)
[SOURCE: IEC 61482-2:2018, 3.1.13]
3.1.32
panel sensor
calorimetric sensor mounted in the panel, which, when covered by test
specimen, is used to measure energy transmitted through a test specimen
3.1.33
protective clothing
clothing which covers or replaces personal clothing, and which is designed to provide protection
against one or more hazards
[SOURCE: ISO 13688:2013, 3.5, modified – The definition has been modified to clarify by
removing the unclear term “protector”.]
3.1.34
shrinkage
material response evidenced by reduction in specimen size
3.1.35
shrink-open
material response caused by excessive shrinkage with the result that the
test specimen dislodging from the clamping and exposing the panel
Note 1 to entry: Shrink-open is considered as a particular form of breakopen.
3.1.36
Stoll curve
empirical predicted second-degree skin burn-injury model
Note 1 to entry: Stoll curve defines a relationship between the absorbed energy rate and the human skin tolerance
time.
Note 2 to entry: See Stoll, A.M. and Chianta. M.A. Method and rating system for evaluation of thermal protection.
3.1.37
test shot
electric arc event during which one or more test specimens are mounted
on the specimen support(s) of the test apparatus
...
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