EN IEC 60086-5:2021
(Main)Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
Primärbatterien - Teil 5: Sicherheit von Batterien mit wässrigem Elektrolyt
Piles électriques - Partie 5: Sécurité des piles à électrolyte aqueux
IEC 60086-5:2021 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60086-5:2021 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.L'IEC 60086-5:2021 spécifie les essais et exigences pour les piles à électrolyte aqueux afin d'assurer leur fonctionnement sûr dans les conditions d'utilisation prévue et en cas de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible.
Primarne baterije - 5. del: Varnost baterij z vodnim elektrolitom (IEC 60086-5:2021)
Ta del standarda IEC 60086 določa preskuse in zahteve za primarne baterije z vodnim elektrolitom za zagotavljanje varnega delovanja v okviru predvidene uporabe in razumno predvidene nepravilne uporabe.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60086-5:2017
Primarne baterije - 5. del: Varnost baterij z vodnim elektrolitom (IEC 60086-5:2021)
Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte (IEC 60086-
5:2021)
Primärbatterien - Teil 5: Sicherheit von Batterien mit wässrigem Elektrolyt (IEC 60086-
5:2021)
Piles électriques - Partie 5: Sécurité des piles à électrolyte aqueux (IEC 60086-5:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60086-5:2021
ICS:
29.220.10 Primarni členi in baterije Primary cells and batteries
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60086-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2021
ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 60086-5:2016 and all of its amendments
and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous
electrolyte
(IEC 60086-5:2021)
Piles électriques - Partie 5: Sécurité des piles à électrolyte Primärbatterien - Teil 5: Sicherheit von Batterien mit
aqueux wässrigem Elektrolyt
(IEC 60086-5:2021) (IEC 60086-5:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-11-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60086-5:2021 E
European foreword
The text of document 35/1471/FDIS, future edition 5 of IEC 60086-5, prepared by IEC/TC 35 “Primary
cells and batteries” was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022–08–04
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024–11–04
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60086-5:2016 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60086-5:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60068-2-27 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27
IEC 60068-2-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6
IEC 60068-2-31 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-31
ISO 7010:2019 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 7010:2020 (not modified)
IEC 60086-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60086-3
IEC 60086-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60086-4
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60086-1 2015 Primary batteries - Part 1: General EN 60086-1 2015
IEC 60086-2 2015 Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and EN 60086-2 2016
electrical specifications
IEC 60086-5 ®
Edition 5.0 2021-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Primary batteries –
Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
Piles électriques –
Partie 5: Sécurité des piles à électrolyte aqueux
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1007-4
– 2 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Requirements for safety . 10
4.1 Design . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Venting . 10
4.2 Quality plan . 10
5 Sampling . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Sampling for type testing . 11
5.3 Validity of testing . 11
6 Testing and requirements . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.1.1 Applicable safety tests . 11
6.1.2 Cautionary notice. 12
6.1.3 Ambient temperature . 12
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 13
6.2.1 Explosion . 13
6.2.2 Fire . 13
6.2.3 Leakage . 13
6.2.4 Venting . 13
6.3 Intended use . 13
6.3.1 Intended use tests and requirements . 13
6.3.2 Intended use test procedures . 13
6.4 Reasonably foreseeable misuse . 16
6.4.1 Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests and requirements . 16
6.4.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse test procedures . 16
7 Information for safety . 18
7.1 Precautions during handling of batteries . 18
7.2 Packaging . 20
7.3 Handling of battery cartons . 20
7.4 Display and storage . 20
7.5 Transportation . 21
7.6 Disposal . 21
8 Instructions for use . 21
9 Marking and packaging . 22
9.1 General batteries . 22
9.2 Swallowable button cells . 22
9.3 Safety pictograms . 22
Annex A (informative) Additional information on display and storage . 24
Annex B (informative) Battery compartment design guidelines . 25
B.1 Background. 25
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
B.1.1 General . 25
B.1.2 Battery failures resulting from poor battery compartment design . 25
B.1.3 Potential hazards resulting from battery reversal . 25
B.1.4 Potential hazards resulting from a short circuit . 25
B.2 General guidance for appliance design . 26
B.2.1 Key battery factors to be first considered . 26
B.2.2 Other important factors to consider . 26
B.3 Specific measures against reversed installation . 27
B.3.1 General . 27
B.3.2 Design of the positive contact . 27
B.3.3 Design of the negative contact . 27
B.3.4 Design with respect to battery orientation . 28
B.3.5 Dimensional considerations . 28
B.4 Specific measures to prevent short-circuiting of batteries . 31
B.4.1 Measures to prevent short-circuiting due to battery jacket damage . 31
B.4.2 Measures to prevent external short circuit of a battery caused when
coiled spring contacts are employed for battery connection . 31
B.5 Special considerations regarding recessed negative contacts . 33
B.6 Waterproof and non-vented devices . 34
B.7 Other design considerations . 34
Annex C (informative) Safety pictograms . 36
C.1 General . 36
C.2 Pictograms . 36
C.3 Recommendations for use. 38
Annex D (informative) Use of the KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN safety sign . 39
D.1 General . 39
D.2 Safety sign . 39
D.3 Best practices for marking the packaging . 39
Annex E (informative) Child resistant packaging . 40
E.1 General . 40
E.1.1 General . 40
E.1.2 Applicability . 40
E.1.3 Packaging design . 40
E.2 Packaging tests . 40
E.2.1 General . 40
E.2.2 Test items . 40
E.2.3 Test procedure . 42
E.2.4 Criteria . 42
Bibliography . 44
Figure 1 – Sampling for tests and number of batteries required . 11
Figure 2 – Temperature cycling procedure . 16
Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for incorrect installation (four batteries in series) . 17
Figure 4 – Circuit diagram for external short circuit . 17
Figure 5 – Circuit diagram for overdischarge . 18
Figure 6 – XYZ axes for free fall . 18
Figure 7 – Ingestion gauge . 19
Figure B.1 – Example of series connection with one battery reversed . 25
– 4 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
Figure B.2 – Positive contact recessed between ribs. 27
Figure B.3 – Positive contact recessed within surrounding insulation . 27
Figure B.4 – Negative contact U-shaped to ensure no positive (+) battery contact . 27
Figure B.5 – Design with respect to battery orientation . 28
Figure B.6 – Example of the design of a positive contact of an appliance . 30
Figure B.7 – Example of a short circuit where a switch is piercing the battery insulating
jacket . 31
Figure B.8 – Typical example of insulation to prevent short circuit . 31
Figure B.9 – Insertion against spring (to be avoided) . 32
Figure B.10 – Examples showing distorted springs . 32
Figure B.11 – Example of protected insertion . 32
Figure B.12 – Example of negative contacts . 34
Figure B.13 – Example of series connection of batteries with voltage tapping . 35
Figure E.1 – Bending test . 41
Figure E.2 – Torsion test. 41
Figure E.3 – Tearing test . 42
Figure E.4 – Pushing test . 42
Figure E.5 – Maximum packaging opening . 43
Table 1 – Test matrix . 12
Table 2 – Intended use tests and requirements . 13
Table 3 – Shock pulse . 14
Table 4 – Test sequence of the shock test . 14
Table 5 – Test sequence of the vibration test . 15
Table 6 – Reasonably foreseeable misuse tests and requirements. 16
Table 7 – Marking and packaging requirements . 23
Table B.1 – Dimensions of battery terminals and recommended dimensions of the
positive contact of an appliance in Figure B.6 . 29
Table B.2 – Minimum wire diameters . 33
Table B.3 – Dimensions of the negative battery terminal . 34
Table C.1 – Safety pictograms . 36
Table E.1 – Test procedure . 42
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60086-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 35: Primary cells and batteries. It
is an International Standard.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2016. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) revised information for safety dealing with keeping batteries out of the reach of children;
b) removal of the method to determine the insulation resistance;
c) changes to the test matrix;
d) revision of the over-discharge test;
e) revised definition and note for "button cell" or "button battery" in 3.2;
f) revised method for evaluation of an explosion, moved from 3.6 to 6.2.1.
– 6 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
35/1471/FDIS 35/1472/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60086 series, published under the general title Primary batteries,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
NOTE The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC document in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this document be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 2 years from the date of publication. The transitional period applies specifically to Table 7.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property.
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous
electrolyte and has been prepared in accordance with ISO/IEC guidelines, taking into account
all relevant national and international standards which apply. Also included in this document is
guidance for appliance designers with respect to battery compartments and information
regarding packaging, handling, warehousing and transportation.
Safety is a balance between freedom from risks of harm and other demands to be met by the
product. There can be no absolute safety. Even at the highest level of safety, the product can
only be relatively safe. In this respect, decision-making is based on risk evaluation and safety
judgement.
As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions and
recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this document, when followed on a
judicious "use when applicable" basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for safety.
– 8 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous
electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable
misuse.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60086-1:2015, Primary batteries – Part 1: General
IEC 60086-2:2015, Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
battery
one or more cells electrically connected by permanent means, fitted in a case, with terminals,
markings and protective devices etc., as necessary for use
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-04 [1], modified – The definition has been revised.]
3.2
button cell
button battery
small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter, containing
aqueous electrolyte
Note 1 to entry: See coin (cell or battery), lithium button (cell or battery) in IEC 60086-1 and IEC 60086-2.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-40, modified – The second term "coin cell" has been
deleted, the definition has been revised and the note has been replaced with a new note.]
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 9 –
3.3
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals
and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of
chemical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-01, modified – The note has been deleted.]
3.4
component cell
cell contained in a battery
3.5
cylindrical battery
cylindrical cell
round cell or battery with a cylindrical shape in which the overall height is equal to or greater
than the diameter
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39, modified – In the definition, "cell" has been
replaced by "round cell or battery".]
3.6
intended use
use in accordance with information provided with a product or system, or, in the absence of
such information, by generally understood patterns of usage
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.6 [2]]
3.7
nominal voltage
U
n
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify
a cell, a battery or an electrochemical system
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-31, modified – The domain and symbol have been
added.]
3.8
primary cell
primary battery
cell or battery that is not designed to be electrically recharged
3.9
prismatic cell
prismatic battery
cell or battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-38, modified – "cell" and "battery" have been added
to the term and "qualifies a" has been deleted.]
3.10
protective device
device such as fuse, diode or other electric or electronic current limiter designed to interrupt
the current flow in an electrical circuit
– 10 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
3.11
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a product or system in a way not intended by the supplier, but which can result from
readily predictable human behaviour
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.7, modified – The notes have been deleted.]
3.12
round cell
round battery
cell or battery with circular cross section
3.13
safety
freedom from risk which is not tolerable
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.14]
3.14
undischarged
state of a primary cell or battery at 0 % depth of discharge
4 Requirements for safety
4.1 Design
4.1.1 General
Batteries shall be so designed that they do not present a safety hazard under conditions of
normal (intended) use.
4.1.2 Venting
All batteries shall incorporate a pressure relief feature or shall be so constructed that they will
relieve excessive internal pressure at a value and rate which will preclude explosion. If
encapsulation is necessary to support cells within an outer case, the type of encapsulant and
the method of encapsulation shall not cause the battery to overheat during normal operation
nor inhibit the operation of the pressure relief feature.
The battery case material and/or its final assembly shall be so designed that, in the event of
one or more cells venting, the battery case does not present a hazard in its own right.
4.2 Quality plan
The manufacturer shall prepare and implement a quality plan defining the procedures for the
inspection of materials, components, cells and batteries during the course of manufacture, to
be applied to the total process of producing a specific type of battery. Manufacturers should
understand their process capabilities and should institute the necessary process controls as
they relate to product safety.
5 Sampling
5.1 General
Samples should be drawn from production lots in accordance with accepted statistical methods
and shall meet the requirements specified for dimensions and open circuit voltage set forth in
IEC 60086-2. Samples failing to meet these requirements shall be discarded and new samples
selected.
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 11 –
5.2 Sampling for type testing
The number of samples drawn for type testing is given in Figure 1.
NOTE 1 Four batteries connected in series with one of the four batteries reversed (5 sets).
NOTE 2 Four batteries connected in series, one of which is discharged (5 sets).
Figure 1 – Sampling for tests and number of batteries required
5.3 Validity of testing
Cells or batteries with aqueous electrolyte shall be subjected to the tests, as required in this
document. Testing remains valid until a design change or requirement revision has been made.
Retesting is required when:
a) a battery specification changes by more than 0,1 g or 20 % mass, whichever is greater, for
the cathode, anode or electrolyte;
b) a battery specification change would lead to a failure of any of the tests;
c) there is an addition of new tests or requirements; or
d) there is a requirement change that would lead to a failure of any of the tests.
6 Testing and requirements
6.1 General
6.1.1 Applicable safety tests
Applicable safety tests are shown in Table 1. The tests described in Table 2 and Table 6 are
intended to simulate conditions which the battery is likely to encounter during intended use and
reasonably foreseeable misuse.
– 12 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
Table 1 – Test matrix
Nominal Applicable tests
System Negative Positive voltage
Electrolyte
A B-1 C D E F G
letter electrode electrode per cell
B-2
V
No letter Zinc (Zn) Ammonium Manganese 1,5 R x x x x x x x
chloride, dioxide
B NR
Zinc (MnO )
chloride
Pr x x x x x x x
M x x x NR x NR x
A Zinc (Zn) Ammonium Oxygen 1,4 R x x x NR x x x
chloride, (O )
B NR
Zinc
chloride
Pr x x x x x x x
M x x x NR x x x
L Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal Manganese 1,5 R x x x x x x x
hydroxide dioxide
B x x x NR x NR x
(MnO )
Pr x x x x x x x
M x x x NR x NR x
P Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal Oxygen air 1,4 or 1,45 R NR
hydroxide (O )
B NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Pr x x x x x x x
M NR
S Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal Silver 1,55 R x x x NR x NR x
hydroxide oxide
B x x x NR x NR x
(Ag O)
Pr x x x x x x x
M NR
Test description: Key
A: storage after partial use R: cylindrical (3.5) x: Required
B-1: transportation-shock
B: button (3.2) NR: Not required
B-2: transportation-vibration
Pr: prismatic single cell (3.11)
C: climatic-temperature cycling
M: multicell
D: incorrect installation
E: external short circuit
F: overdischarge
G: free fall
If necessary, follow the discharge conditions of the IEC 60086-2 service output test. Systems L and S button cells
or batteries under 3,5 g are exempt from any testing.
6.1.2 Cautionary notice
WARNING – The tests in this document call for the use of procedures which can result
in injury if adequate precautions are not taken.
It has been assumed in the drafting of these tests that their execution is undertaken by
appropriately qualified and experienced technicians using adequate protection.
6.1.3 Ambient temperature
Unless otherwise specified, these tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of
20 °C ± 5 °C.
Form
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 13 –
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria
6.2.1 Explosion
An explosion is considered to have occurred when there is an instantaneous release wherein
solid matter from any part of the battery is propelled to a distance greater than 25 cm away
from the battery.
6.2.2 Fire
A fire is considered to have occurred if flames are emitted from a test cell or battery.
6.2.3 Leakage
Leakage is considered to have occurred if there is an unplanned escape of electrolyte from a
cell or battery.
6.2.4 Venting
Venting is considered to have occurred if there is a release of excessive internal pressure from
a cell or battery in a manner intended by design to preclude explosion.
6.3 Intended use
6.3.1 Intended use tests and requirements
Table 2 – Intended use tests and requirements
Test Intended use simulation Requirements
Electrical test A Storage after partial use No leakage (NL)
No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
Environmental tests B-1 Transportation-shock No leakage (NL)
No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
No leakage (NL)
B-2 Transportation-vibration
No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
Climatic-temperature C Climatic-temperature cycling No fire (NF)
No explosion (NE)
6.3.2 Intended use test procedures
6.3.2.1 Test A – Storage after partial use
a) Purpose
This test simulates the situation when an appliance is switched off and the installed batteries
are partly discharged. These batteries may be left in the appliance for a long time or they
are removed from the appliance and stored for a long time.
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery is discharged under an application or service output test condition,
with the load defined in IEC 60086-2 resulting in the longest test duration until the service
life falls by 50 % of the highest minimum average duration (MAD) value, followed by storage
at 45 °C ± 2 °C for 30 days.
The temperature tolerance of ±2 °C is for the temperature maintain period and a brief over-
shoot in temperature is allowed during the transition period.
c) Requirements
There shall be no leakage, no fire and no explosion during this test.
– 14 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
6.3.2.2 Test B-1 – Transportation-shock
a) Purpose
This test simulates the situation when an appliance is carelessly dropped with batteries
installed in it. This test condition is generally specified in IEC 60068-2-27 [3] .
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be tested as follows.
The shock test shall be carried out under the conditions defined in Table 3 and the sequence
in Table 4.
Shock pulse – The shock pulse applied to the battery shall be as follows:
Table 3 – Shock pulse
Acceleration Waveform
Minimum average acceleration Peak acceleration
first three milliseconds
75 g 125 g to 175 g Half sine
n n n
NOTE g = 9,806 65 m/s .
n
Table 4 – Test sequence of the shock test
Step Storage time Battery orientation Number of shocks Visual examination
periods
1 – – – Pre-test
a
2 – 1 each –
a
3 – 1 each –
a
4 – 1 each –
5 1 h – – –
6 – – – Post-test
a
The shock shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular directions.
Step 1 Record open circuit voltage in accordance with 5.2.
Steps 2 to 4 Apply shock test specified in Table 3 and the sequence in Table 4.
Step 5 Rest battery for 1 h.
Step 6 Record examination results.
c) Requirements
There shall be no leakage, no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.3.2.3 Test B-2 – Transportation-vibration
a) Purpose
This test simulates vibration during transportation. This test condition is generally specified
in IEC 60068-2-6 [4].
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be tested as follows.
The vibration test shall be carried out under the following test conditions and the sequence
in Table 5.
______________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021 – 15 –
Vibration – A simple harmonic motion shall be applied to the battery having an amplitude of
0,8 mm, with a total maximum excursion of 1,6 mm. The frequency shall be varied at the
rate of 1 Hz/min between the limits of 10 Hz and 55 Hz. The entire range of frequencies
(10 Hz to 55 Hz) and return (55 Hz to 10 Hz) shall be traversed in (90 ± 5) min for each
mounting position (direction of vibration).
Table 5 – Test sequence of the vibration test
Step Storage time Battery orientation Vibration time Visual examination
periods
1 – – – Pre-test
a
2 – (90 ± 5) min each –
a
3 – (90 ± 5) min each –
a
4 – –
(90 ± 5) min each
5 1 h – – –
6 – – – Post-test
a
The vibration shall be applied in each of three mutually perpendicular directions.
Step 1 Record open circuit voltage in accordance with 5.2.
Steps 2 to 4 Apply the vibration specified in 6.3.2.3 in the sequence in Table 5.
Step 5 Rest battery for 1 h.
Step 6 Record examination results.
c) Requirements
There shall be no leakage, no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.3.2.4 Test C – Climatic-temperature cycling
a) Purpose
This test assesses the integrity of the battery seal which may be impaired after temperature
cycling.
b) Test procedure
An undischarged battery shall be tested under the following procedure.
Temperature cycling procedure (see 1) to 7) below and/or Figure 2)
1) Place the batteries in a test chamber and raise the temperature of the chamber to
70 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min.
2) Maintain the chamber at this temperature for t = 4 h.
3) Reduce the temperature of the chamber to 20 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min and maintain
at this temperature for t = 2 h.
4) Reduce the temperature of the chamber to –20 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min and maintain
at this temperature for t = 4 h.
5) Raise the temperature of the chamber to 20 °C ± 5 °C within t = 30 min.
6) Repeat the sequence for a further nine cycles.
th
7) After the 10 cycle, store the batteries for seven days prior to examination.
– 16 – IEC 60086-5:2021 © IEC 2021
t = 30 min
= 4 h
t
t = 2 h
Figure 2 – Temperature cycling procedure
c) Requirements
There shall be no fire and no explosion during this test.
6.4 Reasonably foreseeable misuse
6.4.1 Reasonably fo
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