EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020

Fuel cell technologies - Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules - Safety

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 provides safety related requirements for construction, operation under normal and abnormal conditions and the testing of fuel cell modules. This document deals with conditions that can yield hazards to persons and cause damage outside the fuel cell modules. Protection against damage inside the fuel cell modules is not addressed in this document, provided it does not lead to hazards outside the module. These requirements can be superseded by other standards for equipment containing fuel cell modules as required for particular applications. This first edition cancels and replaces IEC 62282-2, published in 2012. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62282­2:2012: • update of definitions, in particular fuel cell module for normal operation; • leakage values under normal and abnormal operation have been addressed; • a delayed ignition test has been included; • protective measures to limit gas leakage have been included; • the requirements for insulation between live parts and SELV have been updated; • the general safety strategy has been modified to reflect the needs for different application standards; the modifications are in line with similar modifications made to IEC 62282­-3-­100; • the electrical components clause has been modified to reflect the needs for different application standards; the modifications are in line with similar modifications made to IEC 62282-3-100; • protective earthing as part of the module or bonding as a measure within the installation has been introduced; • a dielectric strength test has been completely updated by referring to IEC 62744-1 for voltages up to 1 000 V AC/1 500 V DC; • a new “pressure drop method” leakage test method has been included; • a new Annex addressing significant hazards, hazardous situations and events dealt with in this document, and linked to 4.1 (General safety strategy) has been added.

Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 2-100: Brennstoffzellenmodule - Sicherheit

Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 2-100: Modules à piles à combustible - Sécurité

l’IEC 62282-2-100:2020 fournit des exigences relatives à la sécurité concernant la construction, le fonctionnement dans des conditions normales et anormales, et l’essai des modules à piles à combustible. Le présent document couvre les conditions qui peuvent générer des dangers pour les personnes et des dommages à l'extérieur des modules à piles à combustible. La protection contre les dommages affectant l'intérieur des modules à piles à combustible n'est pas traitée dans le présent document, à condition que ceux-ci ne suscitent pas de dangers à l'extérieur du module. Ces exigences peuvent être remplacées par d'autres normes applicables aux équipements contenant des modules à piles à combustible comme l’exigent les applications spécifiques. Cette première édition annule et remplace l’IEC 62282-2 parue en 2012. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’IEC 62282-2:2012: • mise à jour des définitions, notamment celle du module à pile à combustible pour fonctionnement normal; • traitement des valeurs de fuite en fonctionnement normal et anormal; • introduction d’un essai d'allumage retardé; • introduction de mesures de protection destinées à limiter les fuites de gaz; • mise à jour des exigences d’isolation entre les parties actives et la TBTS; • la stratégie générale de sécurité a été modifiée afin de prendre en compte les besoins concernant différentes normes d’application; ces modifications s’alignent sur les modifications similaires effectuées au niveau de l’IEC 62282-3-100; • l’article relatif aux composants électriques a été modifié afin de prendre en compte les besoins concernant différentes normes d’application; ces modifications s’alignent sur les modifications similaires effectuées au niveau de l’IEC 62282-3-100; • installation d’une mise à la terre de protection comme partie intégrante du module ou d’une liaison comme mesure interne à l’installation; • mise à jour exhaustive de l’essai de rigidité diélectrique par référence à l’IEC 62744-1 pour les tensions jusqu’à 1 000 V en courant alternatif/1 500 V en courant continu; • introduction d'une nouvelle méthode d’essai de fuite par "chute de pression" • une nouvelle Annexe relative aux dangers, situations et événements dangereux traités dans le présent document et associée à 4.1 (Stratégie de sécurité générale) a été ajoutée.

Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 2-100. del: Moduli gorivnih celic - Varnost (IEC 62282-2-100:2020)

Ta del standarda IEC 62282 podaja z varnostjo povezane zahteve za izdelavo, delovanje v običajnih in izrednih pogojih ter preskušanje modulov gorivnih celic. Uporablja se za module gorivnih celic z naslednjimi elektroliti:
• bazičnimi;
• polimernimi (vključno z gorivnimi celicami na čisti metanol)2;
• fosforno kislino;
• tekočim ogljikom;
• oksidom;
• vodno raztopino soli.
Moduli gorivnih celic so na voljo z ohišjem ali brez in jih je mogoče uporabljati pri znatnih tlačnih razlikah ali normalnem zračnem tlaku.
Ta dokument obravnava pogoje, ki so lahko nevarni za ljudi in povzročijo škodo zunaj modulov gorivnih celic. Ta dokument ne vključuje zaščite pred poškodbami znotraj modulov gorivnih celic, če to ne pomeni nevarnosti poškodbe zunaj modula.
Te zahteve je mogoče glede na določeno področje uporabe nadomestiti z drugimi standardi za opremo, ki vsebuje module gorivnih celic.
Ta dokument ne zajema uporabe gorivnih celic v cestnih vozilih.
Ta dokument ne omejuje ali preprečuje tehnološkega napredka. Napravo, pri kateri so bili uporabljeni materiali ali oblike konstrukcije, ki niso navedeni v zahtevah tega dokumenta, je mogoče pregledati in preskusiti v skladu z namenom teh zahtev; če je ugotovljeno, da je naprava bistveno enaka, se lahko šteje, da je v skladu s tem dokumentom.
Moduli gorivnih celic so sestavni deli končnih proizvodov. Te proizvode je treba ovrednotiti v skladu z ustreznimi varnostnimi zahtevami za končne proizvode.
V tem dokumentu je zajeto le območje do izhoda enosmerne napetosti modula gorivne celice.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za periferne naprave, kot je prikazano na sliki 1.
Ta dokument ne zajema skladiščenja ter dovajanja goriva in oksidanta v modul gorivne celice.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Jun-2020
• ICS: 27.070 - Fuel cells
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 105 - Fuel cell technologies
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 105 - IEC_TC_105
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 19-Jun-2020
• Completion Date: 19-Jun-2020
• Ref Project: SIST EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules - Safety (IEC 62282-2-100:2020)

Relations

• Replaces: EN 62282-2:2012 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 2: Fuel cell modules
• Effective Date: 23-Jun-2020
• Corrected By: EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020/AC:2023-11 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules - Safety
• Effective Date: 21-Nov-2023

Overview

EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules - Safety (CLC/CENELEC adoption of IEC 62282-2-100:2020) defines safety-related requirements for the construction, testing and operation of fuel cell modules. It focuses on hazards that affect persons or cause damage outside the module (external hazards), and can be superseded by application-specific standards for equipment that contains fuel cell modules. This edition replaces EN 62282-2:2012 and introduces updated definitions, new test methods and clarified electrical and leakage requirements.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and safety strategy
  • General safety approach tailored to allow different application standards to apply.
  • New informative annex linking hazards, hazardous situations and events to the general safety strategy.
• Design and protection
  • Requirements for behaviour under normal and abnormal operating conditions.
  • Protective measures to limit gas leakage and a new delayed ignition test.
  • Updated insulation and dielectric strength requirements (references IEC 62744-1 for voltages up to 1 000 V AC / 1 500 V DC).
  • Introduction of protective earthing / bonding options as part of module or installation.
• Leakage control and testing
  • Leakage values addressed for normal and abnormal operation.
  • Gas leakage test methods: flow meter method and a new pressure drop method for assessing tightness.
• Electrical safety
  • Updated requirements for electrical components, terminals, live parts and SELV insulation to reflect diverse application needs.
• Mechanical and environmental tests
  • Shock, vibration, pressure, overpressure, freeze/thaw and cooling-loss tests listed as type and routine tests.
• Marking and documentation
  • Nameplate, warning labels and detailed installation/operation/maintenance manuals required.

Applications and who uses this standard

EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020 is intended for:

• Fuel cell module manufacturers designing modules for stationary, portable or transport-related applications.
• System integrators and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) embedding fuel cell modules into power systems, vehicles, or appliances.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies performing type, routine and safety tests (gas leakage, dielectric, pressure tests).
• Safety engineers, compliance teams and regulators assessing conformity with European electrotechnical safety expectations.
• R&D teams aligning prototype modules with recognized safety practices before commercialization.

Related standards

• IEC 62282‑3‑100 (application-level safety strategy alignment)
• IEC 62744‑1 (dielectric strength testing reference up to defined voltages)
• IEC 60079 series (explosive atmosphere classification where applicable)
• Various electrical and machinery safety standards referenced in normative annexes (e.g., IEC 60204-1, IEC 60335-1)

EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020 is essential for ensuring fuel cell module safety, standardized testing, and clear documentation for safe integration and certification across industries.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62282-2:2012
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 2-100. del: Moduli gorivnih celic - Varnost (IEC 62282-2
-100:2020)
Fuel cell technologies - Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules - Safety (IEC 62282-2-100:2020)
Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 2-100: Brennstoffzellenmodule - Sicherheit (IEC
62282-2-100:2020)
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 2-100: Modules à piles à combustible -
Sécurité (IEC 62282-2-100:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020
ICS:
27.070 Gorilne celice Fuel cells
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62282-2-100

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2020
ICS 27.070 Supersedes EN 62282-2:2012 and all of its amendments
and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Fuel cell technologies - Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules - Safety
(IEC 62282-2-100:2020)
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 2-100: Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 2-100:
Modules à piles à combustible - Sécurité Brennstoffzellenmodule - Sicherheit
(IEC 62282-2-100:2020) (IEC 62282-2-100:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-06-11. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020 E

European foreword
The text of document 105/782/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62282-2-100, prepared by IEC/TC 105
"Fuel cell technologies" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC
as EN IEC 62282-2-100:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-03-11
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-06-11
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62282-2:2012 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62282-2-100:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60812 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60812
IEC 61025 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61025
ISO/IEC 80079-20-1:2017 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 80079-20-1:2019 (not modified)
ISO 1307 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 1307
ISO 1402 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 1402
ISO 10619-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 10619-1
ISO 10619-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 10619-2
ISO 10619-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 10619-3
IEC 62282-3-100 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62282-3-100
IEC 60079 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60079 (series)

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60079-10-1 -  Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-1: EN 60079-10-1 -
Classification of areas - Explosive gas
atmospheres
IEC 60204-1
-  Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment EN 60204-1 -
of machines - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60335-1
-  Household and similar electrical appliances EN 60335-1 -
- Safety - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60352 series Solderless connections EN 60352 series
IEC 60512-15 series Connectors for electronic equipment - EN 60512-15 series
Tests and measurements - Part 15:
Connector tests (mechanical)
IEC 60512-16 series Connectors for electronic equipment - EN 60512-16 series
Tests and measurements - Part 16:
Mechanical tests on contacts and
terminations
IEC 60529 -  Degrees of protection provided by - -
enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60617 series  Graphical symbols for diagrams EN 60617 series
IEC 60695 series Fire hazard testing EN 60695 series
IEC 60730-1
- Automatic electrical controls - Part 1: EN 60730-1 -
General requirements
IEC 61010-1 -  Safety requirements for electrical EN 61010-1 -
equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use - Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 61204-7 -  Low-voltage switch mode power supplies - EN IEC 61204-7 -
Part 7: Safety requirements
IEC 61508 series Functional safety of EN 61508 series
electrical/electronic/programmable
electronic safety-related systems
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 62040-1 -  Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part EN IEC 62040-1 -
1: Safety requirements
IEC 62061 -  Safety of machinery - Functional safety of EN 62061 -
safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
IEC 62282-4-101 -  Fuel cell technologies - Part 4-101: Fuel EN 62282-4-101 -
cell power systems for propulsion other
than road vehicles and auxiliary power
units (APU) - Safety of electrically powered
industrial trucks
IEC 62368-1 -  Audio/video, information and EN IEC 62368-1 -
communication technology equipment -
Part 1: Safety requirements
IEC 62477-1 2012 Safety requirements for power electronic EN 62477-1 2012
converter systems and equipment - Part 1:
General
- -  + A11 2014
ISO 13849-1 -  Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts EN ISO 13849-1 -
of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 23550 -  Safety and control devices for gas burners - -
and/or gas-burning appliances - General
requirements
IEC 62282-2-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules – Safety

Technologies des piles à combustible –

Partie 2-100: Modules à piles à combustible – Sécurité

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-8031-7

– 2 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Requirements . 13
4.1 General safety strategy . 13
4.2 Design requirements . 14
4.2.1 General . 14
4.2.2 Behaviour at normal and abnormal operating conditions . 14
4.2.3 Leakage . 15
4.2.4 Pressurized operation . 15
4.2.5 Fire and ignition . 15
4.2.6 Safeguarding . 16
4.2.7 Piping and fittings . 17
4.2.8 Electrical components . 18
4.2.9 Terminals and electrical connections . 18
4.2.10 Electrically live parts . 19
4.2.11 Insulating materials and dielectric strength . 19
4.2.12 Protective earthing/bonding . 19
4.2.13 Shock and vibration . 20
5 Type tests . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Shock and vibration test . 20
5.3 Gas leakage test . 20
5.3.1 General . 20
5.3.2 Flow meter method . 20
5.3.3 Pressure drop method . 21
5.4 Normal operation test . 22
5.5 Allowable working pressure test . 23
5.6 Pressure withstanding test of cooling system . 23
5.7 Continuous and short-time electrical rating . 24
5.8 Overpressure test . 24
5.9 Dielectric strength test . 24
5.10 Differential pressure test . 25
5.11 Gas leakage test (repeat). 26
5.12 Normal operation (repeat) . 26
5.13 Flammable concentration test . 26
5.14 Tests of abnormal operating conditions . 26
5.14.1 General . 26
5.14.2 Fuel starvation test . 27
5.14.3 Oxygen/oxidant starvation test . 27
5.14.4 Short-circuit test . 27
5.14.5 Lack of cooling/impaired cooling test . 28
5.14.6 Crossover monitoring system test . 28
5.14.7 Freeze/thaw cycle tests . 28
6 Routine tests . 29

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
6.1 General . 29
6.2 Gas-tightness test . 29
6.3 Dielectric strength withstand test . 29
7 Markings and instructions . 29
7.1 Nameplate . 29
7.2 Marking . 29
7.3 Warning label . 30
7.4 Documentation . 30
7.4.1 General . 30
7.4.2 Installation manual . 31
7.4.3 Installation diagram . 31
7.4.4 Operation manual . 32
7.4.5 Maintenance manual . 33
7.4.6 Parts list . 33
Annex A (informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and events dealt with

in this document . 34
Annex B (informative) Additional information for the performance and evaluation of the
tests . 36
B.1 Estimating the leakage rate of a system when testing with a gas other than
the working gas. 36
B.1.1 General . 36
B.1.2 Calculation of R using Formula (B.1) . 37
B.1.3 Calculation of R using Formula (B.2) . 37
B.1.4 Examples. 37
B.1.5 Conclusion . 38
B.2 Derivation of the “safety factor” for the allowable working pressure test (5.5) . 39
B.2.1 General . 39
B.2.2 Pressure relief devices . 40
B.2.3 Conclusion . 40
B.3 Proposed acceptance tests . 40
B.3.1 Leakage test . 40
B.3.2 Normal operation . 40
B.3.3 Allowable working pressure test . 40
B.3.4 Pressure withstanding test of cooling system . 41
B.3.5 Overpressure test . 41
B.3.6 Differential pressure test . 41
B.3.7 Safety-related control functions . 41
Annex C (informative) List of notes concerning particular conditions in certain
countries . 42
Bibliography . 43

Figure 1 – Fuel cell power system components . 7

Table 1 – Dielectric strength test voltages. 25
Table A.1 – Typical hazardous situations and events . 34
Table B.1 – Viscosity of gases at one atmosphere . 39

– 4 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules – Safety

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62282-2-100 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC 62282-2, published in 2012.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to
IEC 62282-2:2012:
• references to IEC 60050-485 instead of IEC TS 62282-1;
• update of normative references;
• update of definitions, in particular fuel cell module for normal operation;
• leakage values under normal and abnormal operation have been addressed;
• a delayed ignition test has been included;
• protective measures to limit gas leakage have been included;
______________
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication IEC BPUB 60050-485:2019.

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
• the requirements for insulation between live parts and SELV have been updated;
• the general safety strategy has been modified to reflect the needs for different application
standards; the modifications are in line with similar modifications made to
IEC 62282-3-100;
• the electrical components clause has been modified to reflect the needs for different
application standards; the modifications are in line with similar modifications made to
IEC 62282-3-100;
• protective earthing as part of the module or bonding as a measure within the installation
has been introduced;
• a dielectric strength test has been completely updated by referring to IEC 62744-1 for
voltages up to 1 000 V AC/1 500 V DC;
• a new “pressure drop method” leakage test method has been included;
• terms such as normal/abnormal e.g. in conjunction with operating conditions are used in a
more consistent way;
• inclusion of definitions for hazards and hazardous situations based on the IEC 60079
series;
• the marking and instructions have been enlarged to provide the system integrator with the
necessary information;
• a new Annex A addressing significant hazards, hazardous situations and events dealt
with in this document, and linked to 4.1 (General safety strategy) has been added.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
105/782/FDIS 105/793/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell
technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
NOTE In this document, the following print type is used:
– terms defined in Clause 3: in bold type.
The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that Annex C lists all of the “in-some-country”
clauses on differing practices of a less permanent nature relating to the subject of this
document.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 2-100: Fuel cell modules – Safety

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 provides safety related requirements for construction, operation under
normal and abnormal conditions and the testing of fuel cell modules. It applies to fuel cell
modules with the following electrolyte chemistry:
• alkaline;
• polymer electrolyte (including direct methanol fuel cells) ;
• phosphoric acid;
• molten carbonate;
• solid oxide;
• aqueous solution of salts.
Fuel cell modules can be provided with or without an enclosure and can be operated at
significant pressurization levels or close to ambient pressure.
This document deals with conditions that can yield hazards to persons and cause damage
outside the fuel cell modules. Protection against damage inside the fuel cell modules is not
addressed in this document, provided it does not lead to hazards outside the module.
These requirements can be superseded by other standards for equipment containing fuel cell
modules as required for particular applications.
This document does not cover fuel cell road vehicle applications.
This document is not intended to limit or inhibit technological advancement. An appliance
employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed in the
requirements of this document can be examined and tested according to the purpose of these
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, can be considered to comply with
this document.
The fuel cell modules are components of final products. These products require evaluation
according to appropriate end-product safety requirements.
______________
Also known as proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020 – 7 –

Key
EMD electromagnetic disturbance
EMI electromagnetic interference
Figure 1 – Fuel cell power system components
This document covers only up to the DC output of the fuel cell module.
This document does not apply to peripheral devices as illustrated in Figure 1.
This document does not cover the storage and delivery of fuel and oxidant to the fuel cell
module.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres − Part 10-1: Classification of areas – Explosive gas
atmospheres
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60352 (all parts), Solderless connections

– 8 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
IEC 60512-15 (all parts), Connectors for electronic equipment – Tests and measurements –
Part 15: Connector tests (mechanical)
IEC 60512-16 (all parts), Connectors for electronic equipment – Tests and measurements –
Part 16: Mechanical tests on contacts and terminations
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at http://std.iec.ch/iec60617)
IEC 60695 (all parts), Fire hazard testing
IEC 60730-1, Automatic electrical controls – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61010-1, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61204-7, Low-voltage switch mode power supplies – Part 7: Safety requirements
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems
IEC 62040-1, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1: Safety requirements
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
IEC 62282-4-101, Fuel cell technologies – Part 4-101: Fuel cell power systems for propulsion
other than road vehicles and auxiliary power units (APU) – Safety of electrically powered
industrial trucks
IEC 62368-1, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Part 1:
Safety requirements
IEC 62477-1:2012, Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and
equipment – Part 1: General
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 23550, Safety and control devices for gas and/or oil burners and appliances – General
requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020 – 9 –
3.1
fuel cell module
assembly incorporating one or more fuel cell stacks and, if applicable, additional
components, which is intended to be integrated into a power system or a vehicle
Note 1 to entry: A fuel cell module comprises the following main components: one or more fuel cell stack(s), a
piping system for conveying fuels, oxidants and exhausts, electric connections for the power delivered by the
stack(s) and means for monitoring, control or both. Additionally, a fuel cell module can comprise: means for
conveying additional fluids (e.g. cooling media, inert gas), means for detecting normal and abnormal operating
conditions, enclosures or pressure vessels and module ventilation systems, and the required electronic
components for module operation and power conditioning.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-09-03]
3.2
acceptance test
contractual test to prove to the customer that the item meets certain conditions of its
specification
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-23, modified – The admitted term "hand-over test"
has been deleted.]
3.3
maximum allowable differential working pressure
maximum differential pressure between the anode and cathode side, specified by the
manufacturer, which the fuel cell module can withstand without any damage or permanent
loss of functional properties
Note 1 to entry: The maximum allowable differential working pressure is expressed in Pa.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-17-02, modified – "fuel cell" has been replaced with "fuel
cell module".]
3.4
allowable working pressure
maximum gauge pressure specified by the manufacturer which the fuel cell module can
withstand without any damage or permanent loss of functional properties
Note 1 to entry: For fuel cell modules incorporating pressure relief devices, this is normally used to define the
threshold of the set pressure.
3.5
ambient temperature
temperature of the medium surrounding a device, equipment or installation which may affect
the performance of the device, equipment or installation
3.6
conditioning
preliminary step that is required to properly operate a fuel cell
module (3.1) to achieve a desired performance following a protocol specified by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The conditioning can include reversible processes, or irreversible processes, or both depending
on the cell technology.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-11-08, modified – "fuel cell" has been replaced with "fuel
cell module".]
– 10 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
3.7
fuel cell
electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electric
energy (DC power), heat and reaction products
Note 1 to entry: The fuel and oxidant are typically stored outside the fuel cell and transferred into the fuel cell as
they are consumed.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-08-01]
3.8
fuel cell stack
assembly of cells, separators, cooling plates, manifolds and a supporting structure that
electrochemically converts, typically, hydrogen-rich gas and air reactants to DC power, heat
and other reaction products
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-06-01]
3.9
rated current
maximum continuous electric current as specified by the manufacturer, at which the fuel cell
module has been designed to operate
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-12-02, modified – “power system” has been replaced with
“module” and the note has been deleted.]
3.10
crossover
cross leakage
leakage between the fuel side and the oxidant side of a fuel cell, in either direction, generally
through the electrolyte
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-06-25]
3.11
gas leakage
sum of all gases leaving the fuel cell module except the intended exhaust gases
Note 1 to entry: Gas leakage may occur from
– the fuel cell stack;
– associated pressure relief devices;
– other gas ducting and flow controlling components.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-06-24, modified – The Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.12
hazard
potential source of harm
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.2]
3.13
harm
injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.1]

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020 – 11 –
3.14
hazardous area
area in which an explosive atmosphere is present, or may be expected to be present, in
quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of
electrical apparatus
Note 1 to entry: IEC 60079-10 gives a classification of hazardous areas containing explosive gas atmospheres
(see IEC 60050-426-03-03, IEC 60050-426-03-04 and IEC 60050-426-03-05).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-03-01, modified – The Note 2 to entry has been deleted.]
3.15
heat deflection temperature
temperature at which a standard test bar deflects a specified distance under load
Note 1 to entry: It is used to determine short-term heat resistance.
3.16
lower flammability limit
LFL
minimum concentration of fuel in a fuel-air mixture where a combustion can be ignited by an
ignition source
Note 1 to entry: A fuel-air mixture is flammable when combustion can be started by an ignition source. The main
component is the proportions or composition of the fuel-air mixture. A mixture that has less than a critical amount
of fuel, known as the lower flammability limit (LFL) or more than a critical amount of fuel, known as the rich or
upper flammability limit (UFL), will not be flammable.
3.17
maximum operating pressure
maximum gauge pressure, specified by the manufacturer of a component or system, at which
it is designed to operate continuously
Note 1 to entry: The maximum operating pressure is expressed in Pa.
Note 2 to entry: The maximum operating pressure includes all normal operation, both steady state and
transient.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-17-04, modified – The Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.18
ventilation
movement of air and its replacement with fresh air due to the effects of wind, temperature
gradients, or artificial means (for example, fans or extractors)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-03-14]
3.19
open-circuit voltage
OCV
no-load voltage
voltage across the stack terminals of a fuel cell with fuel and oxidant present and in the
absence of external current flow
Note 1 to entry: The open-circuit voltage is expressed in V.
Note 2 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-13-02]

– 12 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
3.20
routine test
conformity test made on each individual item during or after manufacture
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with “Conformity test” [IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-15]: test for conformity
evaluation or “Conformity evaluation” [IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-14]: systematic examination of the extent to
which a product, process or service fulfils specified requirements.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-17, modified – The note to entry has been added.]
3.21
safeguarding
control system actions, based on process parameters, taken to avoid conditions that might be
hazardous to personnel or might result in damage to the fuel cell or its surroundings
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-09-15]
3.22
safety extra low voltage
SELV
voltage under normal and single fault conditions that do not exceed the values given in the
relevant application standard of 4.2.8
3.23
thermal equilibrium conditions
stable temperature conditions indicated by temperature changes of no more than 3 K (5 °F) or
1 % of the absolute operating temperature, whichever is higher between two readings 15 min
apart
3.24
type test
conformity test made on one or more items representative of the production
Note 1 to entry: Not be confused with “Conformity test” [IEC 60050-151, 151-16-15]: test for conformity evaluation
or “Conformity evaluation” [IEC 60050-151, 151-16-14]: systematic examination of the extent to which a product,
process or service fulfils specified requirements.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-16, modified – The note to entry has been added.]
3.25
normal operation
operation of the fuel cell module under the normal conditions as specified by the
manufacturer such as the environment conditions, intended gas, electric grid, within its
specified tolerances
3.26
auto-ignition temperature
lowest temperature (of a hot surface) at which under specified test conditions an ignition of a
flammable gas or vapour in mixture with air or air-inert gas occurs
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 80079-20-1:2017, 3.3, modified – "hot" has been added.]
3.27
hydrostatic relief valve
pressure relief valve actuated by hydrostatic inlet pressure that opens in proportion to the
increase in pressure over the opening pressure

IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020 – 13 –
3.28
safety valve
pressure relief valve actuated by inlet static pressure and characterized by rapid opening or
popping action
Note 1 to entry: ANSI/CSANGV2-2000 [21] has the following clause:
“The effectiveness of the pressure relief devices (PRDs) shall be demonstrated in accordance with section 18.9
(bonfire test)”.
The bonfire tests are designed to demonstrate that the finished containers complete with the pressure relief
devices specified in the design will prevent the rupture of the container when tested under some specified fire
conditions.
Note 2 to entry: CGA 12.6-M94 [22] uses a big safety factor. The components are tested at four times the design
pressure for 1 min.
This standard does not have a performance test for the PRD(s).
Note 3 to entry: The effectiveness of the PRD for the fuel cell module cannot be tested since it is not the end
product. It is not known what pressures, in abnormal situations, the module could be subjected to. In fact, the
abnormal situations are unknown at the module stage. The size and pressure of the fuel tank is unknown and so
might be the gas train. Therefore, testing for performance at the module level would not be representative and
using very high safety factors might be design-restrictive.
Note 4 to entry: The best idea might be to have the module manufacturer supply at least the following information
to the end user:
a) type of PRD/PRV used;
b) setting (opening pressure) of the PRD/PRV;
c) flow capacity;
d) the end user should investigate the effectiveness of the module PRD/PRV in the end product.
3.29
stack terminal
bus bar
output terminal at which electric power is supplied from the fuel cell stack
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:—, 485-06-08]
4 Requirements
4.1 General safety strategy
The manufacturer shall perform in written form a risk analysis to ensure that
a) all reasonably foreseeable hazards, hazardous situations and events throughout the
anticipated fuel cell power system’s lifetime have been identified (see Annex A for a
listing of typical hazards),
b) the risk for each of these hazards has been estimated from the combination of probability
of occurrence of the hazard and of its foreseeable severity,
c) the two factors which determine each one of the estimated risks (probability and severity)
have been eliminated or reduced to a level not exceeding the acceptable risk level, as far
as is practically possible, through
1) inherently safe design of the construction and its methods, or
2) passive control of energy releases without endangering the surrounding environment
(for example, burst disks, release valves, thermal cut-off devices) or by safety related
control functions, and
3) for residual risks which could not have been reduced by the measures according to 1)
and 2), provision of labels, warnings or requirements of special training shall be given,
considering that such measures need to be understood by the persons which are in the
area of the hazards.
– 14 – IEC 62282-2-100:2020 © IEC 2020
For functional safety, the required severity level, performance level or the class of
...