EN 61400-23:2014

Wind turbines - Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades

Is a technical specification providing guidelines for the full-scale structural testing of wind turbine blades and for the interpretation or evaluation of results, as a possible part of a design verification of the integrity of the blade. Includes static strength tests, fatigue tests, and other tests determining blade properties. This publication is of high relevance for Smart Grid.

Windenergieanlagen - Teil 23: Rotorblätter - Experimentelle Strukturprüfung

Éoliennes - Partie 23: Essais en vraie grandeur des structures des pales de rotor

l'IEC 61400-23:2014 définit les exigences concernant les essais en vraie grandeur des structures des pales d'éolienne, ainsi que l'interprétation et l'évaluation des résultats d'essai obtenus. La norme cible les aspects des essais liés à une évaluation de l'intégrité des pales, et s'adresse aux fabricants et aux chercheurs tiers. La présente norme prend en considération les essais suivants: - essais de charge statique; - essais de fatigue; - essais de charge statique après essais de fatigue; - essais déterminant d'autres propriétés des pales.

Sistemi generatorjev za vetrne turbine - 23. del: Popolno strukturno preskušanje krakov rotorja (IEC 61400-23:2014)

Standard EN IEC 61400-23 določa zahteve za popolno strukturno preskušanje krakov rotorja lopatic vetrne turbine ter za razlago in vrednotenje rezultatov preskusa. Standard se osredotoča na vidike testiranja, povezane z oceno celovitosti krakov, ki jih uporabljajo proizvajalci in drugi raziskovalci. Standard zajema naslednje preskuse: - preskusi statične obremenitve; - preskus utrujenosti; - preskusi statične obremenitve po preskusu utrujenosti; - preskusi za določanje drugih lastnosti krakov. Namen testov je potrditi sprejemljivo stopnjo verjetnosti, da celotna populacija tipa krakov izpolnjuje konstrukcijske predpostavke. Predvideva se, da so podatki, potrebni za določanje parametrov preskusov, na voljo in da temeljijo na standardu za konstrukcijske zahteve za vetrne turbine, kot je IEC 61400-1 ali enakovrednih standardih. Konstrukcijske obremenitve in podatki o materialu krakov se upoštevajo kot izhodišča za določanje in ocenjevanje preskusnih bremen. Vrednotenje konstrukcijske obremenitve glede na dejanske obremenitve vetrnih turbin je zunaj področja uporabe tega standarda. V času nastajanja tega standarda je bilo izvedeno polno strukturno preskušanje krakov vetrnih turbin s horizontalno osjo. Kraki so v večji meri izdelani iz polimernih materialov, ojačanih z vlakni, in lesa/epoksidne smole. Kljub temu se večina načel lahko uporabi za poljubno konfiguracijo vetrnih turbin, ne glede na velikost in material.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-May-2014
• Withdrawal Date: 12-May-2017
• ICS: 27.180 - Wind turbine energy systems
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 88 - Wind turbines
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 88 - IEC_TC_88
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 23-May-2014
• Completion Date: 23-May-2014
• Ref Project: SIST EN 61400-23:2014 - Wind turbine generator systems - Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2014
Sistemi generatorjev za vetrne turbine - 23. del: Popolno strukturno preskušanje
krakov rotorja (IEC 61400-23:2014)
Wind turbine generator systems - Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades
/
/
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61400-23:2014
ICS:
27.180 Sistemi turbin na veter in Wind turbine systems and
drugi alternativni viri energije other alternative sources of
energy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-23

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2014
ICS 27.180
English Version
Wind turbines - Part 23: Full-scale structural testing
of rotor blades
(IEC 61400-23:2014)
Éoliennes - Partie 23: Essais en vraie grandeur  Windenergieanlagen - Teil 23: Rotorblätter -
des structures des pales de rotor Experimentelle Strukturprüfung
(CEI 61400-23:2014) (IEC 61400-23:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-05-13. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-23:2014 E
Foreword
The text of document 88/420/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 61400-23, prepared by IEC TC 88 "Wind
turbines" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-
23:2014.
The following dates are fixed:

(dop) 2015-02-13
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2017-05-13
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-23:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.

In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 61400-22 NOTE Harmonised as EN 61400-22 (not modified).

- 3 - EN 61400-23:2014
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60050-415 1999 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 415: Wind turbine generator systems

IEC 61400-1 2005 Wind turbines - EN 61400-1 2005
Part 1: Design requirements
ISO/IEC 17025 2005 General requirements for the competence of EN ISO/IEC 17025 2005
testing and calibration laboratories

ISO 2394 1986 General principles on reliability for structures - -

IEC 61400-23 ®
Edition 1.0 2014-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind turbines –
Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
X
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-1506-7

– 2 – IEC 61400-23:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Notation . 12
4.1 Symbols . 12
4.2 Greek symbols . 12
4.3 Subscripts . 12
4.4 Coordinate systems . 12
5 General principles . 13
5.1 Purpose of tests . 13
5.2 Limit states . 14
5.3 Practical constraints . 14
5.4 Results of test . 14
6 Documentation and procedures for test blade . 15
7 Blade test program and test plans . 16
7.1 Areas to be tested . 16
7.2 Test program . 16
7.3 Test plans . 16
7.3.1 General . 16
7.3.2 Blade description . 16
7.3.3 Loads and conditions . 17
7.3.4 Instrumentation . 17
7.3.5 Expected test results . 17
8 Load factors for testing . 17
8.1 General . 17
8.2 Partial safety factors used in the design . 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Partial factors on materials . 17
8.2.3 Partial factors for consequences of failure . 18
8.2.4 Partial factors on loads . 18
8.3 Test load factors . 18
8.3.1 Blade to blade variation . 18
8.3.2 Possible errors in the fatigue formulation . 18
8.3.3 Environmental conditions . 19
8.4 Application of load factors to obtain the target load . 19
9 Test loading and test load evaluation . 20
9.1 General . 20
9.2 Influence of load introduction . 20
9.3 Static load testing . 20
9.4 Fatigue load testing . 21
10 Test requirements. 22
10.1 General . 22
10.1.1 Test records . 22
10.1.2 Instrumentation calibration. 22

IEC 61400-23:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 –
10.1.3 Measurement uncertainties . 22
10.1.4 Root fixture and test stand requirements . 22
10.1.5 Environmental conditions monitoring . 22
10.1.6 Deterministic corrections . 23
10.2 Static test . 23
10.2.1 General . 23
10.2.2 Static load test. 23
10.2.3 Strain measurement . 24
10.2.4 Deflection measurement . 24
10.3 Fatigue test . 24
10.4 Other blade property tests . 24
10.4.1 Blade mass and center of gravity . 24
10.4.2 Natural frequencies . 25
10.4.3 Optional blade property tests . 25
11 Test results evaluation. 25
11.1 General . 25
11.2 Catastrophic failure . 25
11.3 Permanent deformation, loss of stiffness or change in other blade properties . 26
11.4 Superficial damage . 26
11.5 Failure evaluation . 26
12 Reporting . 26
12.1 General . 26
12.2 Test report content. 27
12.3 Evaluation of test in relation to design requirements . 27
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the necessity of renewed static and fatigue
testing . 28
Annex B (informative) Areas to be tested .
...